Karl von Hase

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Karl August von Hase
Signature Karl von Hase.PNG

Karl August Hase , from 1883 by Hase also Karl von Steinbach (born August 25, 1800 in Niedersteinbach ; † January 3, 1890 in Jena ), was a Protestant theologian , professor of theology at the University of Jena and a real privy councilor for the Grand Ducal Saxon .

Life

ancestry

Hase comes from a Protestant pastor's family. Already his great-grandfather Zacharias Hase (born March 9, 1655 in Tautenburg ; † September 12, 1719 Härtensdorf) was high count Solms-Wildenfelsischer court preacher and pastor in Wildenfels and Härtensdorf . From his marriage on September 30, 1684 in Ilmenau with Anna Dorothea Albinus (born August 1, 1662 in Wichmar near Camburg, † August 25, 1734 in Härtensdorf), the second daughter of the superintendent of Ilmenau Heinrich Tobias Albinus (born December 18 1631 in Graba near Saalfeld / Thür .; † December 1, 1697) and his wife Anna Dorothea Weise (* February 14, 1640 in Tautenburg; † May 5, 1724 in Tautenburg), his grandfather Gottlob Friedrich Hase (* 9. February 1707 in Härtensdorf near Wildenfels; † January 18, 1786 in Niedersteinbach). He had become a substitute in 1736 and pastor in Niedersteinbach in 1738.

He married on November 9, 1737 with Rahel Sophie List (* July 19, 1712 in Kayna near Zeitz; † June 25, 1787 in Niedersteinbach), the third daughter of the pastor in Kayna in Zeitz Abbey, Johann Caspar List (* 7. March 1678 in Braunsdorf (Frießnitz); † March 8, 1748 in Kayna). Of his ten children, the son Karl Friedrich Hase (born June 27, 1751 in Niedersteinbach, † March 28, 1803 in Niedersteinbach) was his successor. Karl August's mother Christiane Concordia Wilhelmine Domenicus (born November 8, 1770 in Windischleuba; ⚭ May 26, 1789 in Windischleuba; † 1837) came from a pastor's family that had its roots in Pomerania. She was the youngest daughter of the pastor in Windischleuba Johann Gottlieb Wilhelm Domenicus (born March 15, 1733 in Crimmitschau; † November 28, 1789 in Windischleuba) and his wife Sophia Concordia Kretschmar (born June 19, 1737 in Frankenhausen; † October 15, 1788 in Windischleuba).

Adolescent years

Karl August had five older sisters: Karoline Hase (* February 26, 1790), Julie Hase (* December 11, 1791), Emilie Christiane Hase (* December 3, 1793 - December 20, 1794 in Niedersteinbach), Emilie Hase (* July 8, 1795) and Ernestine Hase (* July 14, 1797; † January 17, 1857 in Penig), was born as the first son of the family and had a younger brother, Franz Gustav Hase (* March 25, 1802 in Niedersteinbach; † July 19, 1885 in Oschatz). However, his father fell ill with a stomach ailment and died. The mother could no longer stay in the parsonage there and moved with her six underage children to the small factory town on the Mulde Penig. The family lived here in poor conditions.

Karl August Hase as a student

That changed when his godmother, the wife of the lawyer Dienemann, took the young Karl August Hase into her household, where he had a carefree childhood. Since his mother married the Penig pharmacist Karl Friedrich Agner (* around 1755 in Penig; † October 15, 1813 in Penig) after six years of widowhood in 1809, he was brought to his uncle Gottlob Friedrich Hase († 1812) in Altenburg , where he attended school and moved into the grammar school there at Easter 1813. In Altenburg he had to endure many grievances during the wars of liberation , which improved when he received a scholarship from the widowed Countess von Schönburg.

Education

Michaelis In 1818, Hase moved to the University of Leipzig, where he wanted to study law. He rarely attended the lectures there, rather he dealt autodidactically with constitutional law, philosophy and biblical exegesis . Here he also began to be interested in theology. Soon he became a member of the German fraternity and was elected to the board of the Leipzig fraternity in his second semester. Since the association was tolerated but not allowed due to the Karlsbad resolutions, he was arrested for his involvement in it and had to finish his studies in Leipzig on April 3, 1821, because he was expelled with his former school friend and fellow student Ferdinand Ignaz Herbst , among others . Instead, he moved to the University of Erlangen in April 1821, where he was a student of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert as a theology student . But also during his time in Erlangen he participated in the Erlangen fraternity and was again expelled from the university for participating in the Dresden Boys' Day on August 21, 1822. However, he completed his theological exam on October 9, 1822 in Dresden .

After spending some time in his native Saxon region, he moved to the University of Tübingen in 1823 , where he acquired the degree of Magister in Philosophy (Dr. phil.) On July 4th and shortly afterwards started working on de fide naturali at the theological faculty. No sooner had Hase found an orderly path than his past caught up with him. Because of his participation in the fraternity in Erlangen he was arrested on September 29, 1824 and had to spend ten months at the Hohenasperg fortress because of the charge of high treason . On May 24, 1825, he was removed from his office in Tübingen due to the judgment of the Esslingen Court of Justice and sentenced to a two-year prison term. Since he was pardoned after eleven months, he moved back to Leipzig in October 1826. Here he communicated with Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner , completed his habilitation again on May 3, 1828 at the philosophical faculty and gave lectures on Christian philosophy. In Leipzig he became a member of the Apollo Masonic Lodge in 1828 .

Years of apprenticeship

Bunny at the age of 89

Hase gained an excellent reputation through his publications and in 1829 became an associate professor of philosophy in Leipzig. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe offered him an extraordinary professorship in theology at the University of Jena for 300 thalers . Hase accepted the offer on the condition that he wanted to make another trip to Italy. He completed art studies in Venice, Milan, Bologna, Parma, Rome and Palermo. On July 15, 1830, he appeared in Jena, where he first gave lectures on dogmatics, the gospel, the letters of John and canon law. He later devoted himself to lectures on church history and founded his household in Jena in the spring of 1832 by purchasing the so-called coffee house. Since he had refused an appointment to the University of Bern in 1833, he was appointed full honorary professor on December 10, 1833. After a further refusal of an appointment to the University of Zurich , he became a full professor at the theological faculty on April 11, 1836, with which he received the teaching assignment for church history and dogmatics and his salary was increased to 500 thalers.

In 1837 he was appointed to the church council, in 1845 he became a first class knight of the Grand Ducal Saxon Order of the White Falcon and a secret church councilor. During his professorship, he wrote a large number of theological writings on dogmatics, church history and polemical pamphlets. He also commented on political issues that he published under the pseudonym Karl von Steinbach from his past experience. Hase also took part in the organizational tasks of the Jena University. He was dean of the theological faculty several times and in the winter semesters of 1837, 1838, 1863 and in the summer semesters of 1847, 1855 and 1871 rector of the alma mater . As a representative of the Salana, he also took part in a wide variety of academic meetings as a presenter, completed several research trips, mainly to Italy, and thus gained international reputation. This is how Hase became one of the most recognized church historians of the 19th century.

Even if he is not counted among the great theologians like Baur or Schleiermacher, his theological doctrine aimed at the reconciliation of ecclesiastical Christianity with modern education, whereby in contrast to orthodoxy on the religious consciousness of the subject and in contrast to rationalism the main emphasis on historical Importance of the Christian Church was placed. Among his students was the well-known church historian and theologian Franz Overbeck , Nietzsche's friend and correspondent. His main work is the Lutheran dogmatics Hutterus redivivus . So it is not surprising that he has also received honors. On May 18, 1863, he became a knight of the Swedish North Star Order , on June 4, 1873, he was appointed Commander of the Duke of Saxony-Ernestine House Order , and on June 4, 1873, he received an honorary doctorate from the theological faculty and the law faculty of the University of Jena.

In 1879 he received the Albrechtsorder Komtur 1st class , in 1880 the Commander of the Frederick Order and the honorary citizenship of the city of Jena . After serving in his professorship for 60 years, he retired in 1883. On the occasion of his retirement he received the Grand Cross of the Duke of Saxony-Ernestine House Order, was appointed a Real Secret Council and was ennobled on September 18th. After still working as a literary artist, he finally died at the age of almost ninety. The grave of Karl von Hase and his wife is on the Johannisfriedhof in Jena (decorated with a relief of the two dead), his bust on the Fürstengraben, his picture of the rector in the auditorium of the university . The successor to the theological convict of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Thuringia, the Karl von Hase House, is named after him.

family

Pauline Hase (née Härtel), during her engagement

Hase got engaged in Constance in 1830 and married Pauline Härtel (born April 12, 1809 in Leipzig; † March 20, 1885 in Jena), the daughter of the Leipzig publisher and landowner on Cotta Gottfried , on September 12, 1831 in the Theklakirche in Leipzig Christoph Härtel and his wife Amalie Eleonore Klötzer (born January 4, 1781 in Leipzig; † March 31, 1811 in Cotta), who was married on December 23, 1800 in the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig. There are children from the marriage. We know of these:

  • Maria Helena von Hase (born August 3, 1832 in Jena) married. September 19, 1859 in Friedrichroda with the physician and head of the Georgen Hospital in Meiningen Ottomar Domrich (born April 22, 1819 in Odisleben; † April 1, 1907 in Meiningen)
  • Adele von Hase (born August 21, 1833 in Jena; † 1916) married. August 11, 1861 in Wenigenjena with the extraordinary professor of classical philology Dr. Ferdinand Bernhard Moritz Vermehren (born April 10, 1829 in Jena; † 1893)
  • Karl Victor von Hase (born November 3, 1834 in Jena; † April 30, 1860 Eisenach) The saying "My name is Hase" is attributed to him. In his Herwegh biography, Ulrich Enzensberger mentions Karl August von Hase himself as the author.
  • Oskar von Hase (born September 26, 1837, † August 1838)
  • Paul Erwin von Hase (born August 11, 1840 in Jena; † March 27, 1918 in Berlin) became a physician, married. May 27, 1876 in Halle (Saale) with Frieda Maria Elise Sperber (* August 22, 1849 in Hardisleben; † May 26, 1943 in Berlin), the daughter of the manor owner in Roßbach near Weißenfels Carl Friedrich Christian Sperber (* February 27, 1815 in Neumark; † January 20, 1891 in Weimar) and his wife Johanna Emilie Henriette Hickethier, who married on June 18, 1839 in Schwerstedt (born May 7, 1820 in Obertopfstedt; † January 20, 1891 in Weimar), from the marriage are Carl Erwin Friedrich von Hase (born November 25, 1877 in Hanover) went to the military; Eva Margarethe Pauline von Hase (born April 6, 1879 in Hanover); Carl Paul Rudolph Günther von Hase (born October 2, 1881 in Hanover; † March 6, 1948 in Berlin), Karl Benedikt von Hase (born May 2, 1883 in Hanover) and Carl Paul Immanuel von Hase (1885–1944),
  • Karl Alfred von Hase (* July 12, 1842 in Jena; † January 1, 1914 in Breslau) also became a theologian and professor of theology at the University of Breslau. On July 19, 1871, he married Countess Klara von Kalckreuth (* 17 October 1851 in Düsseldorf; † December 2, 1903 in Breslau), the daughter of Weimar professor Stanislaus von Kalckreuth .
  • Georg Oskar Immanuel Hase (born September 15, 1846 in Jena; † January 26, 1921 in Leipzig) became a bookseller, married on September 10, 1873 in Leipzig with Johanna Marie Louise Zarncke (born January 24, 1856 in Leipzig; † 31. July 1911 ibid.), The daughter of the literature professor Friedrich Karl Theodor Zarncke and his wife Anna Pauline Geitner, who married on April 9, 1855 (born November 16, 1834 in Leipzig; † September 17, 1864 ibid.).

Works (selection)

  • A carnival game. Reverently consecrated to the praiseworthy imperial estates in memory of a merry boyhood trip. Erlangen 1822
  • De fide dissertation. Tübingen 1823 ( online )
  • The old pastor's will. Tuebingen 1824
  • De Fide. Libri Duo I and II. Tübingen 1825
  • Evangelical-Protestant dogmatics. Stuttgart 1826, Leipzig 1843 3rd edition ( online ), Leipzig 1860 (5th edition online ), Leipzig 1870 6th edition
  • The Leipzig disputation. A theological memorandum. Leipzig 1827 ( online )
  • From the quarrel of the church. A writing to the Christian nobility of the German nation. Leipzig 1827 ( online )
  • Hutterus Redivivus or Dogmatics of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. A dogmatic repertory for students. Leipzig 1827; Leipzig 1829 ( online ); Leipzig 1833 ( online ); Leipzig 1836 ( online ), Leipzig 1839 (4th edition online ), Leipzig 1848 7th edition ( online ); Leipzig 1855 8th edition ( online ), Leipzig 1883 12th edition;
  • About the unity of the evangelical church. An open letter to Mr. D. Chr. Fr. v. Ammon. Breslau 1827 ( online )
  • De iure ecclesiastico commentarii historici. Inest libri primi particula prior. Leipzig 1828 ( online )
  • Lectures on the Christian doctrine of the faith according to the doctrinal terms of the Evangelical-Protestant Church. Leipzig 1829 ( online )
  • Saxony and its hopes. A political memorandum from the weeks of September 1830. Leipzig 1830 ( online )
  • De iure ecclesiastico commentarii historici. Inest libri primi particula secunda. Leipzig 1832 ( online )
  • The life of Jesus. Textbook initially for academic lectures. Leipzig 1829 ( online ); Leipzig 1865 5th edition ( online )
  • Ad orationem audiendam, qua munus Professoris theologiae Ordinarii Clementissime from Almis Academiae Jenensis Nutritoribus sibi demandatum, the IX Julii hora XI in Templo Paulino Academico auspicabitur, observantissime invitat Carolus Augustus Hase. Inest Confessio fidei Ecclesiae evangelicae nostri temporis rationibus accommodata. Leipzig 1836 ( online )
  • Gnosis or Protestant-evangelical doctrine for the educated in the community. Leipzig 1827–1829 3rd volume, Leipzig 1869–1870 2nd edition (1st volume ( online ); 2nd volume online )
  • Libri symbolici ecclesiae evangelicae sive concordia. Leipzig 1827; Leipzig 1837 (2nd edition online ); Leipzig 1846 (3rd edition online )
  • Textbook of Protestant dogmatics. Leipzig 1838 (2nd edition online )
  • The two archbishops. A fragment from the latest church history. Leipzig 1839 ( online )
  • Theological pamphlets. Leipzig 1834–1837, 3rd booklet
  • Church history. Leipzig 1834; Leipzig 1837 (3rd edition online ); Leipzig 1841 (4th edition online ); Leipzig 1848 (6th edition online ); Leipzig 1854 (7th edition online ); Leipzig 1886 11th edition;
  • Traits and conditions from student life in Erlangen. With historical notes about the Friedrich-Alexanders-Universität and the program for the celebrations for its centenary. Nuremberg 1843 ( online )
  • Good old law of the church. Leipzig 1847 ( online )
  • Theological academic textbooks. Leipzig 1848 ( online )
  • The republic of the German people. Leipzig 1848 ( online )
  • The Evangelical-Protestant Church of the German Empire. Leipzig 1849 ( online ), Leipzig 1852 ( online )
  • Prussia and Austria. (July 1849). Leipzig 1849 ( online )
  • New prophets. Leipzig 1851 (1st volume online ;) Leipzig 1860–1861 (2nd edition, 1st volume online ; 2nd volume online ; 3rd volume online )
  • The Tübingen School. A letter to Ferdinand Christian von Baur. Leipzig 1855 ( online )
  • Francis of Assisi. An icon. Leipzig 1856 ( online ); Leipzig 1892 2nd edition;
  • Jena spruce booklet. Leipzig 1856 ( online )
  • The spiritual drama. Historical overview. Leipzig 1858 ( online )
  • The Pope and Italy. A New Year's viewing. Leipzig 1861 ( online )
  • Handbook of Protestant Polemics against the Roman Catholic Church. Leipzig 1862 ( online ); Leipzig 1891 5th edition;
  • Caterina of Siena. An icon. Leipzig 1864 ( online )
  • Story of jesus. Leipzig 1875; Leipzig 1891 2nd edition;
  • The end of the culture war. Leipzig 1879
  • Rose lectures with church history content. Leipzig 1880
  • Ideals and errors. Leipzig 1872; Leipzig 1891 4th ed.
  • Patriotic speeches and memoranda. Leipzig 1891
  • Theological narratives. Leipzig 1892
  • Theological speeches and memoranda. Leipzig 1892

Issued:

  • Heinrich Gottlieb Tzschirner: Lectures on the Christian doctrine of the faith according to the doctrinal terms of the Evangelical-Protestant Church. Leipzig 1829 ( online )
  • Songbook of the German people. Leipzig 1883 ( online )

literature

Web links

Commons : Karl von Hase  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Karl von Hase  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Homepage of the Karl-von-Hase-Haus in Jena
  2. ↑ Paul Erwin attended the Stoysche Institute in Jena from the age of 6 to 16, then the grammar school in Weimar and from 1858 the grammar school in Eisenach. At Easter 1860 he moved to the University of Jena and in 1861 moved to the University of Halle-Wittenberg , where his uncle Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann, Ernst Blasius and Richard von Volkmann became his teachers. Hase passed the tentamen physicum in 1862, the rigorosum exam in August 1864, and received his doctorate in medicine on December 30, 1864 with a treatise on rubbery bone inflammation. After passing the state examination in 1865, he moved to Berlin for a year, where he was particularly attracted by Friedrich Theodor von Frerich's lectures. He then worked at the Prussian military hospital in Trautenau and after the end of the 1866 war he became the private assistant of his cousin Richard von Volkmann in Halle and a general practitioner. In the same year he moved to Hanover as a general practitioner. From October 1, 1868, Hase completed a year of voluntary military service as a doctor in Deutz. On April 13, 1869 he was promoted to junior physician, and on September 22, 1869 he became assistant physician, 2nd class. When the war broke out, he remained in the Prussian ranks. On July 14, 1870, he was transferred to the first medical detachment. As such, he participated in the battles of Gravelotte , Metz , Amiens , Hallue , Bapaume and St. Quentin . For this he received the Iron Cross on January 19, 1873. After the war he became a doctor for the Cologne-Minden Railway and the Protestant Association. In November 1873 he became chief physician of the hospital of the 6th Dragoon Regiment in Graefenhainichen and at the same time train doctor of the Berlin-Anhalter Bahn. In 1876 he moved to Hanover as a staff doctor and battalion doctor, completed his senior staff medical exam in Berlin in 1884, became senior staff doctor in Halberstadt in 1889 and received the 4th class red eagle order in 1890. He was also a bearer of the Knight's Cross 2nd Class, was a Knight 1st Class of the Ernestine House Order, was holder of the Order of the White Falcon. He experienced his retirement years in Berlin-Charlottenburg.
personal data
SURNAME Hase, Karl von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hase, Karl August von; Hase, Karl August; Hare, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian
DATE OF BIRTH August 25, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Niedersteinbach near Penig
DATE OF DEATH January 3, 1890
Place of death Jena