Kröver Reich
The Kröver Empire was a former royal estate of the Carolingians located on the Middle Moselle , which was able to maintain certain privileges until the French Revolution . Its communities included Kröv (Kövenig), Reil , Kinheim (Kindel), Bengel , Kinderbeuern , Erden and various smaller farms. A large part of the area was covered by the Kondelwald , on the edge of which there was also the Springiersbach monastery .
Emergence
It is not known when exactly the territory of the Kröver Empire passed into the possession of the Frankish kings. However, there is early evidence of when they first had these goods. A document from the year 752, in which Pippin the Younger presented the Echternach Abbey with a church in Kröv, turned out to be a forgery. The first real document comes from King Lothar II , who left a chapel in Kröv to the Stablo monastery in 862 . The chapel could have been on the ridge between Kröv, Reil and Bengel and later became the property of the Echternach monastery. The nucleus of a second parish on the territory of the Kröver Empire, the later Reilkirch , was probably a royal court chapel. A first document about this place comes from the year 1008.
The direct dependence on the crown loosened as early as the 10th century. Obviously the Count Palatine of Aachen saw themselves as the owners of the place and exercised the royal rights. Since the dynasty of the Count Palatine died out with the death of Wilhelm von Ballenstädt in 1140, the estate fell back to the kings. The imperial immediacy remained in place until King Rudolf von Habsburg pledged the Kröver Empire to Count Heinrich von Sponheim on November 25, 1274 . The count should actually have received a real fiefdom for his services . Since he never received this, he had to be content with the pledge. This is what the Sponheimers did, although the Electorate of Trier would have loved to incorporate the Kröver Empire into its territory. Above all, the Archbishop of Trier , Baldwin of Luxembourg, tried by all means to redeem the Reich pledge and to take the Kröver Empire from the Sponheimers. However, he did not succeed. In the power struggle, the action of Countess Loretta von Sponheim-Starkenburg , who kidnapped the bishop on a trip to the Moselle and made him promise to renounce the Kröver Reich, was spectacular.
Constant dispute over influence
The people of Trier only waived half-heartedly. In the course of the 14th century they finally succeeded in obtaining the so-called Vogteirechte for the desired Moselle villages. The bailiffs had a right to certain taxes and income and exercised high jurisdiction. In 1423 Dietrich von Kesselstatt was enfeoffed with the castle house in Kröv / Mosel and appointed as administrator of the electoral rights in the Kröver empire; The family held the office of Obervogte with a few interruptions until the end of the electoral state in 1794. In 1779 Johann Hugo Casimir was Imperial Count of Kesselstadt hereditary bailiff.
Since the Sponheimers were able to convert the pledge into a real fief in 1399, the reason for a permanent conflict was laid. A so-called condominium was created, which provided for the joint exercise of rule by two different parties. The Trier's goal was of course to secure as large a share of the regular taxes as possible. So the Peterlinge or St. Peter people were exempt from surrendering the native beed wine. In addition, they tried by all means to prevent the introduction of the Reformation in the Kröver Empire. In this successful company, the law was even on Trier's side, because according to the basic principles of the Augsburg Religious Peace , the new teaching could only be introduced with the consent of all parties involved. The dispute over the income was not yet over, and from 1594 on the two parties led a process before the Reich Chamber of Commerce . This conflict only ended in 1784 with the so-called Zeller Treaty, which the Electorate of Trier and the Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken concluded with one another. According to this contract, the Trier received a third of all income, while the Palatinate received two thirds. Thus, the Cröver Reich formed a condominium with Pfalz-Zweibrücken in the Oberamt Bernkastel (Ober- Erzstift Trier ). The joy of the agreement did not last long. The French Revolution marked the end of the Trier Electorate and the Kröver Empire ten years later.
Both areas belonged to the French Département de la Sarre from 1798 to 1814 , after the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815 to Prussia . The Allies initially founded the provisional Government General Lower and Middle Rhine , which after the Congress of Vienna finally to the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine has been renamed. In 1822 this area was united with the province of Jülich-Kleve-Berg to form the Rhine province . The border between the administrative districts of Trier and Koblenz ran along the Kröver Empire. However, its residents did not want to accept the new regulations. According to a contemporary source, they retained the old habits of self-government and did not accept the Prussian community order. So they insisted on choosing the aldermen for their dishes themselves. In the translation of the “ Eiflia illustrata ”, for example, it says about the Reiler: “The Rottmen, the heads of the new ranks into which the village is divided, are still involved in all administrative matters. They formed the smock court, which is said to have got its name from this, because in earlier times each member of this citizens' committee had to be given a new smock at the expense of the community when they took office the fines that the convicts had to pay were drunk on the spot.
The constitution of the empire
Even if the princes fought for influence in the Kröver Empire for several hundred years: Its inhabitants lived according to rules that they had probably already given themselves during the time of royal rule. These rules were recorded in a so-called wisdom and were in force until the beginning of the nineteenth century. According to their own understanding, the Kröver and Reiler were still free citizens of the Reich. In the antiquarian of the Neckar, Main, Moselle and Lahn streams from 1781 it says about the Kröver Empire: “In the thirteenth century, such things belonged to the imperial goods, therefore to the Roman kings and emperors only, hence it comes that the subjects belonging to it still want to be kept from free imperial citizens. ”Thus the wisdom from 1399 recognizes the“ Roman bailiff ”as supreme lord, with the addition“ emperor, king, or whoever holds it because of them ”. The wisdom, a kind of constitution, regulated the coexistence in the Moselle villages very precisely. In its area of validity, it laid down the case law, the use of the common land, the rights and obligations of the individual parishioners and named penalties for individual misconduct. The magistrates, who belonged to the lower nobility in the Middle Ages, were chosen and provided by the villagers themselves.
From today's perspective, the penalties for various offenses seem very draconian. Murderers were whacked, thieves hanged, counterfeiters simmered in hot oil. Those found guilty of rape were staked through the stomach by the bailiffs. The raped woman was allowed to do the first three blows. According to research, these penalties were rarely imposed and primarily served as a deterrent.
It is particularly noteworthy that the vintners were leaseholders who were allowed to cultivate as much land with their families as they could cultivate (unique in Europe). As the family grew or shrank, the size of the leased land also changed. This went on until the Napoleonic era.
Others
With Kröver Empire is still called a wide, south-facing vineyard slope above Kröv on the Mosel .
literature
- Erwin Schaaf, Johannes Mötsch: Contributions to the history of the Kröver empire , Bernkastel-Kues 1998, ISBN 3-928497-05-7
- Peter Brommer : Kurtrier at the end of the old empire: Edition and commentary on the Electoral Trier official descriptions from (1772) 1783 to approx. 1790, Mainz 2008, Volume 1, ISBN 978-3-929135-59-6 , pp. 125–127.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Des Hohen Erz-Stifts und Churfürstenthums Trier Hof-, Staats- und Stand-Kalender, 1779, p. 123, digitalisat
- ^ Karl-Heinz-Reif: Peterlinge and St.Peterspeople zu Kinheim, Kröv and Reil. Electorate subjects of the Kröver Empire; in: Bernkastel-Wittlicher Yearbook 1994, p. 236 ff.
- ^ Code Civil, Weistum von Kröv
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