Alt Garge power plant
Map with all coordinates: | East Hanover power plant | |||
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| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 15 '26 " N , 10 ° 49' 4" E | ||
| country |
 Germany
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| Waters | Elbe | ||
| Data | |||
| Type | coal-fired power station | ||
| Primary energy | Fossil energy | ||
| fuel | Hard coal | ||
| power | 2 × 70 = 140 MW (electrical) installed | ||
| owner | Hamburgische Electricitäts-Werke (HEW) | ||
| Project start | 1938/39 (start of planning) 1940 (start of civil engineering) |
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| Start of operations | May 1946 | ||
| Shutdown | 1974 (demolished 1987/88) |
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| turbine | 2 × 20.5 MW high pressure + 2 × 48.2 low pressure ( Siemens-Schuckertwerke ) |
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| boiler | 4 × 125 t / h Benson once-through boiler ( Dürr-Werke ), 150 atü / 510 ° C | ||
| Firing | Dust firing | ||
| Chimney height | 2 × 64 m | ||
The power plant Old Garge (official name: Kraftwerk East Hanover ) is a former coal plant of Hamburg Electricitäts-Werke (HEW) on the same east of today Bleckede proper place Old Garge in northeastern Lower Saxony .
The power plant was built during the Second World War with the use of numerous forced laborers who were housed in the Alt Garge satellite camp from 1944 , but only went into operation after the end of the war (1946). In 1974 it was shut down for economic reasons and in 1987/88 it was torn down with the exception of small remains.
history
Planning and construction
In the 1930s, the demand for electrical energy increased sharply due to the advancing electrification and the growth of energy-intensive industries, especially the armaments industry in preparation for the Second World War. The HEW therefore planned a new, state-of-the-art power plant with 4 × 70 MW electrical output to cover the growing electricity needs of the city of Hamburg and the industrial areas in East Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg. Hard coal from the Upper Silesian Revier was to serve as fuel , which was to be brought in by ship via the Oder , Oder-Spree Canal , Havel and Elbe.
The concrete planning for the construction began in 1938. When choosing the location, the imminent war was already taken into account, because near Alt Garge, far away from the city in a thinly populated area on a steep, wooded bank of the Elbe, the power plant was relatively difficult to spot and hit by air raids.
The civil engineering work began after the outbreak of war in 1940, with the majority of the work being carried out by forced laborers from a labor camp (later called camp "A" ) specially designed for the construction of the power station . Most of the workers were East European resistance fighters prisoners of war. They had to do the hard work by hand under the most difficult of conditions, enduring abuse, poor sanitary conditions and food, hunger, illness and exhaustion. A total of at least 50 forced laborers died directly during the construction of the power station, and probably far more indirectly.
Parallel to the power plant, an inland port and a coal storage area ( 53 ° 16 ′ 9.2 ″ N , 10 ° 48 ′ 7.7 ″ E ) were built in an oxbow lake of the Elbe about two kilometers north of the power plant . After construction had to be suspended for two years due to a lack of building materials, building construction began in 1942 and in 1943 the approximately seven-kilometer-long siding to the port and the coal store was laid.
In 1944, camp "A" was dissolved and, with the use of several hundred prisoners from the Neuengamme and Sachsenhausen concentration camps, a new, larger camp, the Alt Garge satellite camp , also called camp "B" , was built a little closer to the construction site . The work on the power plant was still slow, especially after the SS-Wirtschaftsverwaltungs-Hauptamt withdrew many forced laborers for other uses and closed camp "B" in February 1945. In 1944/45 the first machine systems ( steam boiler , turbo generator , etc.) were installed and the line to Bleckede with connection to the Lüneburg – Bleckede line of the Osthannoversche Eisenbahnen (OHE) was advanced, but the construction of the power station continued until the conquest The Allies did not complete it on May 1, 1945.
business
After the end of the war, the power plant became very important because, unlike most other power plants that had been badly damaged by bombs during the war, the plant was largely undamaged. As the work had progressed relatively well, it could be quickly made operational to provide urgently needed electricity for the reconstruction . Construction work was continued in October 1945 with the approval of the British military government - now of course without forced labor - and in May 1946 the first 70 MW block fed electricity into the grid for the first time. In 1949 the second block was put into operation. It stayed that way, the originally planned expansion to four blocks was discarded.
After the war, the barracks of the former workers' camp were used for a short time to accommodate displaced persons , liberated foreign prisoners and German forced laborers.
In 1949, HEW established an aerated concrete plant near the power plant , which, among other things, processed the slag from the power plant.
Since the power plant was cut off from the Upper Silesian coal reserves by the inner-German border, instead of the originally planned fuel, coal from the West German mining areas and imported coal were used, which were transported up the Elbe in barges from Hamburg and, more rarely, by rail.
The electricity produced went over high-voltage double lines
- via an Elbe crossing at Hohnstorf and Geesthacht to Hamburg into the HEW network,
- via a second line to Lüneburg - Rettmer into the HASTRA network
- and a third line to Hagenow in Mecklenburg.
The latter line was also used to supply electricity to the GDR and through the GDR network to West Berlin until 1958 , for which the GDR received a "line fee".
For more than 30 years, the power plant with its railway connection, suppliers and neighboring industry as the economic center determined everyday life in the previously structurally weak fishing village of Alt Garge. The importance of the power station for the place is clear from the coat of arms, in which two electric lightning bolts stand as a symbol for the power station.
Decommissioning, demolition and remains
Since HEW increasingly met the needs of the city of Hamburg from larger, more modern power plants close to the city, the Alt Garge power plant became increasingly uneconomical in the 1960s and the decision was made to shut down in 1968. In the end, the power plant was only kept operational as a peak load reserve, but was rarely used. In 1973 the passenger traffic on the power station railway line to Bleckede was stopped, in the following year 1974 the power station went offline.
The buildings of the power plant and the coaling plants at the port remained there for almost 15 years until they were largely demolished in 1987/88. The two chimneys jokingly called "Max & Moritz" were blown up. The former substation at the Alt Garge exit towards Bleckede ( 53 ° 16 ′ 3 ″ N , 10 ° 47 ′ 34.7 ″ E ) was dismantled in the 1990s.
Today just remember
- from the boiler and machine house some foundation ruins, cooling water inlet and outlet ( 53 ° 15 ′ 26.2 ″ N , 10 ° 49 ′ 3.6 ″ E ),
- Remains of the quays in the coal port ( 53 ° 16 ′ 10.5 ″ N , 10 ° 48 ′ 11.7 ″ E ),
- an elevated water tank on the hill above the former power plant site ( 53 ° 15 ′ 22.5 ″ N , 10 ° 48 ′ 56.5 ″ E ),
- a former porter's building on the eastern edge of Alt Garge ( 53 ° 15 ′ 38.7 ″ N , 10 ° 48 ′ 49.9 ″ E ), which is now used as a residential building,
- Remnants of the industrial railway line, which is used today by an association for recreational draisine trips,
- as well as an SS barracks from camp "B"
to the former power station.
In 1995 a memorial stone for the victims of forced labor was erected in Alt Garge near the former camp "A". There are also tombstones and a memorial in the cemetery in Barskamp to commemorate the dead.
A steam storage locomotive , which had done its service on the power station railway line , ended up as an exhibit in the HEW Museum Electrum in Hamburg after the decommissioning in 1985 , from where it was handed over to the Geesthacht Railway Working Group after the museum was closed in 2003 .
Successor use
After the decommissioning of the old power plant, HEW had several considerations to build a new, much larger coal-fired power plant or a new nuclear power plant at the same location as a replacement for nuclear power plants that were to be shut down. But these were discarded.
technology
The coal was delivered by ship. The coal was temporarily stored in a dump in the port . The warehouse had a storage capacity of 220,000 t in the event that the Elbe should not be navigable due to ice drift during a severe winter , so that the power plant could continue to operate for several weeks without coal being supplied.
At the coal store there was a crusher tower in which the coal was coarsely ground. From there, the coal was transported to the actual power station by works. Diesel locomotives from MaK in Kiel (type 650D ) and a steam storage locomotive from Orenstein & Koppel (No. 4959) were in use.
When the coal arrived at the power station, it was temporarily stored , finely ground and burned in four steam boilers with dust firing . The high-pressure steam generated was converted into electricity in two turbine sets, each set consisting of a high-pressure upstream and a low-pressure downstream steam turbine , each with its own generator. The condensers of the LP turbines were cooled directly with water from the Elbe. The flue gases from the four boilers were drawn off by four induced draft fans , dedusted using four electrostatic precipitators (not a matter of course at the time!) And discharged through two 64 m high concrete chimneys.
literature
- Hamburgische Electricitäts-Werke (ed.): Power plant East Hanover. Gustav-Petermann-Druckerei, Hamburg 1951.
- John Hopp: Hell in the idyll - the Alt Garge subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp. VSA-Verlag, extended new edition, Hamburg 2013.
- M. Stegemann: High-pressure power plant East Hanover. In: Journal of the Association of German Engineers. Vol. 90, No. 6, June 1948, ISSN 0341-7255 , pp. 161-168.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d residents' register for the city and the district of Lüneburg from 1953 , Verlag v. Stern, Lüneburg, online at www.alt-garge.de: Page 12 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Page 13 ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Grube: Alt-Garge - East Hanover power plant and satellite concentration camp , June 9, 2005, online at geschichtsspuren.de (formerly lostplaces.de)
- ↑ G. Klein: Electricity for Hamburg - The power plant in Alt Garge . In: Das Lüneburger Land - A home book for the administrative district of Lüneburg , Laux publishing house, Hildesheim, 1963, online at www.alt-garge.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c HEW: KRAFTWERK OST-HANNOVER (see section literature )
- ^ Kraftwerk Alt Garge on KD Eisenbahnseiten - Forum
- ↑ Kraftwerk Ost-Hannover in the forum meeting point Bleckede ( memento of the original from October 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Alt Garge's coat of arms on www.alt-garge.de ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Internet presence of the IG Draisine Bleckede eV
- ↑ Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geesthachter Eisenbahn steam storage locomotive O&K 4959 (B-fl) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ HEW are thinking about a new coal-fired power plant in Alt Garge // Electricity from the village on the river , Landeszeitung , June 2, 1994
- ↑ Defend, hide, run away . In: Der Spiegel . No. 15 , 1976, p. 89 ( online ).
