Elevation of the Cross (Steinach im Ortenaukreis)

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Elevation of the cross from the southeast
Elevation of the cross from the southwest

Elevation of the Cross or Holy Cross is the consecration title of the Roman Catholic parish church of Steinach in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg . The parish together with St. Arbogast in Haslach im Kinzigtal , St. Michael in Fischerbach , St. Erhard in Hofstetten , St. Afra in Mühlenbach and St. Peter and Paul in Welschensteinach form the pastoral care unit Haslach of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . The teacher and local researcher Joseph Ludolph Wohleb (1892–1960) and the pastor and art historian Manfred Hermann have researched the history and shape of the church (see literature).

history

Steinach was created in the jungle of the Kinzig valley as a clearing island for the Gengenbach monastery . In the earliest mention, which is only known in a copy from the 13th century, Pope Innocent II confirms that the monastery has extensive possessions,

“In quibus hec propriis nominibus duximus annotanda. In mortunagia. Gengenbach. Cella. Steinach. Hademersbach. Richenbach. et quartam partem castri. Rolled hedge. Norderaha. cum silvis et aquis. et omnibua suis appendiciis.

among which we should think we should name: in the Ortenau Gengenbach, Zell , Steinach, Harmersbach, Reichenbach and the fourth part of the castle Geroldseck and Nordrach - with their forests, waters and everything related. "

Vögte for Gengenbach - and thus secular lords, court lords and persons obliged to protect in Steinach - were the Zähringer . After their extinction in 1218, the bailiwick passed by inheritance to Egino V of Urach and Freiburg and then to his son Heinrich , the progenitor of the Counts of Fürstenberg . Steinach stayed with the Fürstenbergers, with interruptions, until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 and the Peace of Pressburg in 1805. In 1806 it fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden .

A parish in Steinach is first attested in 1254. By contract of October 3, 1254, an official from Gengenbach, Ruodolf de Steina, returned "universa sua sita in parochia de Steina" - "all of his goods in the Steinach parish" to the monastery and received monastery property in Neuershausen near Freiburg im Breisgau . The church patronage , i.e. the right to income from the parish and the occupation of the pastor's position as well as the obligation to build in return, was initially with the monastery, but later passed on to the Fürstenbergers, who owned it until the 19th century. In 1541, Count Wilhelm von Fürstenberg introduced the evangelical creed, but recatholization followed in 1548 under Wilhelm's brother Friedrich II von Fürstenberg (1496–1559). In 1821 Steinach came from the diocese of Strasbourg to the archbishopric of Freiburg.

Building history

The foundations of the preserved medieval choir tower go back to around 1150. At the time of Pastor Michael Lang (pastor in Steinach from 1729 to 1749) a renewal and enlargement was urgent. Lang's successor, Matthaeus Gaengwisch (pastor in Steinach from 1749 to 1762, † 1768) ran it with great zeal. "First of all," it shows, "that the local parish church, to which around 1200 people are parishioners, comfortably holds 400 parishioners ad summum, obediently not even half of them are sufficient". Second, the church is “in a very ruinous condition anyway, most of the windows are broken, the pews are rotten.” Third, the choir is much too small and dark, and fourth, the floor in the sacristy is higher than in the choir, “which means that you can go in six steps up. There goes a door, <...> through which I cannot go in or out, but have to sleep in and out, so the church regalia that is still very little has to be torn with all my might. ”Fifth, there is no confessional .

Bieheler's design for the left side altar

In 1748 the Fürstenberg officials submitted a cost estimate to Prince Joseph Wilhelm Ernst zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and suggested that "the whole tower should remain standing and in future it could become the Sacristey <...> employret". At the beginning of 1750 the royal court chamber agreed. Whether it is just a repair or a new building, that should be decided as soon as the Fürstenberg master builder Franz Joseph Salzmann "from Italy, who is supposed to return to medio Martii, has again arrived here". Elevation of the cross was Salzmann's first church building, which was next followed by St. Bartholomew in nearby Oberwolfach .

When Salzmann arrived on April 4th, the old church had already been demolished except for the tower and a new building had begun according to the plans of the officials. Salzmann made some changes. Among other things, he ensured that “the Glockhen Thurn should be raised a little and a dome should be built on it in order to create a dome-like structure.” In November 1750, construction had progressed so far that the furnishings were needed Prince turned and submitted designs by Franz Xaver Bieheler (1726–1787), a stepbrother of Pastor Gaengwisch, for the main altar and the left side altar, the altar of the brotherhood Beatae Mariae Virginis de Consolatione , Maria Trost , founded by Pastor Lang in 1731 . However, the board replied:

“After we have already spent quite a considerable amount of money on the newly built parish church in Steinach, we are by no means willing to do everything that may be missing in terms of altars, pulpit and interior requirements all at once, and in such a precious way How you make the proposal to have it manufactured and completely identified, then the hero may gain some decency in the acquisition and manufacture of the altars for dermal purposes. On the other hand, we have considered the construction of a pulpit for the preaching of the word of God to be particularly necessary and inevitable. "

Elevation of the cross from the northwest around 1900

The pulpit must also become simpler and cheaper. After many negotiations, the furnishing of altars lasted until 1777 - Pastor Gaengwisch never saw them again.

In 1889 the Elevation of the Cross was extended to the west. Restorations followed in 1933, 1953, 1968 and 1996. The neo-renaissance jewelry of the western expansion was removed.

building

The church rises on what is now a park-like, walled cemetery. Salzmann's octagonal bell storey sits on the square, medieval lower part of the tower, with sandstone facing at the corners, with windows at different heights and an onion dome . The former choir in the lower part of the tower, groin vaulted and with the three-sided end protruding a little over the east wall of the tower, is now the sacristy. To the west follow the new, two window axes deep choir and then the five window axes deep nave. “Architect Salzmann cleverly coupled the two window axes of the choir with a baroque curved skylight; a motif that gives the building liveliness. "

Inside to the east
Choir and high altar

A hall welcomes those entering. A cornice band spans it just below the cove that leads to the flat ceiling. Stuck - Rococo -Ornamente of from Swabia coming Hans Jerg Lechner adorn the ceiling and, but painting fields that were never painted except for the westernmost above the organ, which is part of the expansion of 1889 and the image of the Holy Saint Cecilia in 1953 eliminated has been.

A basket arch leads into the choir. Its groin vault is decorated similarly to the ship . "A lot of light floods into the choir through the windows and skylights, so that the white walls and ceiling shine and the visitor quickly forgot the darkness of the former choir over 200 years ago."

Furnishing

After Bieheler's designs were rejected, Hans Jörg Sutter as a carpenter and Joseph Kaltenbach (1735–1805), a pupil of Matthias Faller , as a sculptor built a high altar in 1777 “in which the architecture was largely dissolved and reduced almost to a 'skeleton'. Above sloping pedestals rise four columns with well-cut capitals, from whose entablature volute braces soar up to a mighty, lambrequing crown. "Above the left outer column stands Moses with the brazen serpent raised on a cross ( Num 21,6-9  EU ) , based on the Gospel of John Typos , model for the crucified Jesus ( Jn 3 : 14-15  EU ), who is held up by a soldier above the right outer column. The painting of the Exaltation of the Cross of Christ, in front of a red stucco curtain, was created by Karl Schmieder in 1898. To the side are the white figures of the apostles Peter and Paul . The tabernacle is richly decorated with Rococo ornaments. “The four small putti on the side of the cross niche and the two on the plate with the Lamb of God supported by four volute clasps are pretty ” ( Jn 1.29  EU ).

  • Side altars

  • Left side altar

  • Augustine

  • Right side altar

  • Urban

Bieheler probably created the left side altar in 1753 according to a plan that was simplified compared to his first draft. At the top stands St. Augustine , recognizable by the burning heart in his left hand, "a convincing work of the Rococo". The brotherhood names the writing underneath: “Sancta Maria de Consolatione ora pro nobis.” In Johann Herrmann's painting from Rottenburg am Neckar , the child Jesus sitting on Mary's lap pulls a poor soul out of purgatory on a black ribbon , while underneath an angel another Soul does the same service with a black ribbon: the members of the brotherhood wore a black belt as a badge. The large sculptures are after Manfred Hermann Monika von Tagaste and Nikolaus von Myra .

Predella of the right side altar
Pieta

Like the high altar, the right side altar, consecrated to Saint Joseph , was not made until 1777 by Hans Jörg Sutter and Joseph Kaltenbach. It is adapted to the older left one. Kaltenbach's statues represent the legendary parents Marias Joachim and Anna . The painting of the Holy Family from 1888 replaces an older one by Johann Herrmann from Rottenburg. At the top, Pope Urban I points out earlier viticulture in Steinach with grapes on the book in his left hand. “The mussels and tendrils that stand as a predella on the altar table are particularly noteworthy . It is probably the most beautiful decorative carving that we know from Kaltenbach. "

Kaltenbach enriched the simple pulpit from 1750 with the evangelist symbols and the panels of the ten commandments on the lid.

On the wall of the choir there is a somewhat coarse, rustic carved Pietà from around 1350. It comes from the Steinach chapel Maria Schnee .

literature

  • Peter Fischer: Steinach 1139–1989. Without place in 1989.
  • Manfred Hermann: Steinach im Kinzigtal. Parish Church of H. Cross. Catholic rectory in Steinach im Kinzigtal 1975.
  • Karlleopold Hitzfeld: The economic foundations of the Gengenbach abbey. In: The Ortenau. Journal of the historical association for Mittelbaden. 41, 1961, pp. 77-140. Digitized. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  • Discover regional studies online Baden-Württemberg: Steinach. Digitized. Retrieved on December 5, 2015. Except for the abbreviations, the texts are identical to: Steinach. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI. Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer Verlag , Stuttgart 1982. ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 334-336.
  • Max Wingenroth (Ed.): Steinach . In: The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden (Volume 7): The art monuments of the Offenburg district. Mohr Siebeck Verlag , Tübingen, 1908, pp. 667-670. Digitized. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  • Joseph Ludolph Wohleb: The Kinzigtäler church buildings by the Fürstenberg architect Franz Joseph Salzmann (1724–1786). I. In: The Ortenau. Journal of the Historical Association for Mittelbaden 30, 1950, pp. 96–127. Digitized. Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  • Dagmar Zimdars (Ed.): Steinach. In: Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ( Dehio-Handbuch ) Baden-Württemberg II . Berlin, Deutscher Kunstverlag 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 685.

References and comments

  1. ^ Wohleb estate, Joseph Ludolph I (holdings)  in the German Digital Library. Accessed on December 23, 2015.
  2. ↑ Fischer 1989, p. 45.
  3. ↑ Fischer 1989, pp. 51 and 127.
  4. ↑ Fischer 1989, p. 128.
  5. ^ Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Fürstenberg, Fredrich II. Graf zu (1496 to 1559). Retrieved September 22, 2015.
  6. ↑ Hermann 1975, p. 3.
  7. ↑ Fischer 1989, pp. 201-202.
  8. ↑ Fischer 1989, p. 203.
  9. ↑ Wohleb 1950, p. 105.
  10. ↑ Fischer 1989, p. 206.
  11. ↑ Fischer 1989, p. 194.
  12. ↑ Wohleb 1950, p. 109.
  13. ↑ Hermann 1975, p. 6.
  14. ↑ Hermann 1975, p. 5.
  15. ↑ Hermann 1975, p. 10.
  16. ↑ Hermann 1975, p. 6 and Zimdars 1997.
  17. ↑ Hermann 1974, p. 11.
  18. ^ Hermann 1975, p. 12, as well as Josef Krausbeck: Karl Schmiders Werke. In: Die Ortenau , Volume 45, pp. 166–169, 1965. Digitized. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  19. ↑ Hermann 1975, p. 12.
  20. ↑ a b Hermann 1975, p. 13.
  21. ↑ Baden online: Maria Schnee . Digitized. Retrieved December 20, 2015.

Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 16.4 ″  N , 8 ° 3 ′ 27.5 ″  E

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