St. Afra (Mühlenbach)

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St. Afra from the southwest

St. Afra is the Roman Catholic parish church of Mühlenbach in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg . The parish together with St. Arbogast in Haslach im Kinzigtal , St. Michael in Fischerbach , St. Erhard in Hofstetten , Hl. Kreuz in Steinach and St. Peter and Paul in Welschensteinach form the pastoral care unit Haslach of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . The church consists of the Gothic tower, the former baroque nave and choir and an extension built after the Second World War. Its history and shape were particularly researched by the teacher Werner Scheurer from Offenburg and the Willstätter historian Martin Ruch (see literature).

history

Inscription of the mill Bacher Roman altar stone, created under the emperor Pertinax as the Black Forest Abnoba mons was

The name "Mühlenbach" for the place and the stream that flows through it towards the Kinzig probably does not come from the "mill", but the Celtic- Roman word "malina" for "flood". A flood, a flood, it was also that in 1778 at the parsonage free flushed an altar stone, which is now in the Archaeological Museum Colombischlössle in Freiburg im Breisgau is preserved and witnessed the presence of the Romans. From the inheritance of the Zähringers , which died out in 1218 , the village came under the rule of the counts and later princes of Fürstenberg and remained there - with interruptions - until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 and the Peace of Pressburg in 1805. In 1806 it came to the Grand Duchy of Baden .

In a document of King Heinrich (VII.) , The son and co-regent of Emperor Frederick II , for Egino V of Urach and Freiburg , the ancestor of the Fürstenberg family, Mühlenbach is mentioned for the first time in 1234: Heinrich enfeoffed Egino with several Black Forest rivers and surrounding grounds Bergen, so with "Kinzechen usque Gengenbach et nominatim Milenbach, Elzach, Treysenia, Brega et Danubio usque ad Ymmendingen" - "the Kinzig to Gengenbach , the so-called Mühlenbach, the Elzach , the Dreisam , the Breg and the Danube to Immendingen ".

The oldest reference to a house of worship is contained in a document from 1440, which mentions an estate "vnder der kirchen down". Originally a branch of St. Arbogast in Haslach, Mühlenbach was mostly its own parish from 1586, where a pastor is named Zacharias Daub . The patronage of St. Afra of Augsburg , who is said to have died by fire in Augsburg in 304 , is first attested in 1576. The Fürstenbergers were secular patron saints, according to a document from 1666: “Millenbach, huius ecclesiae patronus s. Afra, collator et decimator d. comes a Fúrstenberg ... animas regendas habet approx. 500. “-“ Mühlenbach, whose church patroness is the holy Afra, collator and decimator Mr. Count von Fürstenberg, counts about 500 souls. “The introduction of the evangelical confession in 1542 by Count Wilhelm von Fürstenberg (1491–1549) remained episode like in the whole of the Kinzigtal. The Catholic faith was reintroduced already under his brother Friedrich II von Fürstenberg (1496–1559). In 1821 Mühlenbach came from the diocese of Strasbourg to the archbishopric of Freiburg.

Building history

Gothic

Church tower around 1900

On the second floor of the tower, the oldest surviving part, the year "1512" is carved twice. At that time the whole church was probably rebuilt. It suffered with the whole area in the Thirty Years' War , worst in March 1643, when the troops of Duke Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar , who was allied with France and who had already died, “unexpectedly came down into the valley to Haslach spurred on, with bare swords, cocked cocks into the Städel blown up, people dealt with hitting, stabbing, beating, ax and hammering in such a way that it was a shame and misery to be heard and seen, everything plundered, broken down and spoiled ”. Johann Ramsteiner (1607–1660), pastor in Haslach, who supplied Mühlenbach, put on the burnt church records again.

Baroque

In 1740 the Mühlenbacher Vogt reported to the Fürstenberg government in Donaueschingen , “What a bad and building-in condition the parish church of Mühlenbach is, because it is so narrow and small that it is hardly ever the third part of those parishioners who are there, and therefore a major repair of the same, or a new and larger fringes are absolutely necessary ". The government decided to rebuild the ship . The Vorarlberg builders Johann Jakob Häring (1674–1743) and Johann Elmenreich (1695–1757) drew up the plans, which Wolfach entrepreneurs then used to build. In 1741, Pastor Matthäus Gengwisch (around 1710–1768) laid the foundation stone.

In the 1890s, St. Afra was restored under Pastor Severin Beck (1848–1905) and received a new gallery and new benches, as well as ceiling paintings and three high altar paintings.

Modern

The two local historians Scheurer and Ruch justify the extension with the overcrowding that began in the 1950s due to tourism. The architect was Gregor Schroeder (1906–1976), pastor at the time of construction, from 1961, Heinrich König (1907–1998; pastor in Mühlenbach from 1940). During these years Schröder also designed the new ship of St. Martin in Vöhrenbach as well as the churches of St. Blasius in Biberach and Herz Jesu in Stegen . In 1966 the Mühlenbach expansion was consecrated by the Freiburg Auxiliary Bishop Karl Gnädinger .

building

Layout

The cemetery around the church was moved in 1845, but most of the wall remained. In the West the Gothic tower stands four stories high and a gable roof completed. The lowest storey opens in pointed arches to the south and west to form a vaulted vestibule. Schroeder added his extension at the sacrifice of the north wall of the baroque ship in the north and turned the originally geostete Church to a "two available modes", as in 1939 with St. Lawrence had happened in neighboring Wolfach. The baroque nave now forms "as in early Christian basilicas <...> as 'paradise' the forecourt of the new temple". In this “new temple”, six columns on each side support the tall nave wall, which is pierced by large arched windows, and leave narrow, aisle-like corridors on each side. In the north the room widens to a transept, to which the rectangular new choir is attached. The new nave and the new choir are covered by an open gable roof. The baroque, polygonal closed choir was redesigned into a Lady Chapel.

Furnishing

Funerary monuments

Stone tombs and wrought-iron, decorated grave crosses are reminiscent of the old cemetery. A stone with a cloth, skull and crossbones on the back bears the inscription on the front:

HERE GEORG
ADAM KLAUSMAN LIGAS
A WORKING
FARMER, A
GOOD FATHER OF HIS KIDS
. A
LEGAL
CHRISTIAN
WHO YOU
READ THIS ASK YOURSELF ALSO
THIS IS
1817

Benedikt Schaufelberger (1929–2011) created a mosaic image of the Good Shepherd for the priest's grave .

Interior to the north

Altars

Master of the high altar and probably both side altars is a sculptor Anton Martin from Schuttern , who received his fee from 1742 to 1743. He was very busy after Philipp Winterhalder's sculptor workshop in Ortenau was closed; but nothing else is known about him.

  • The main floor of the richly gilded high altar is bounded by veil boards and pilasters to the left and right , with the altarpiece in between in a curved frame. In the volute-supported excerpt there is a sculpture of St. Afra, accompanied on the left by Catherine of Alexandria with sword and wheel, on the right by Barbara of Nicomedia with chalice and tower. At the top there is a pelican on its nest, symbol of Jesus who sacrificed himself. Saint Sebastian on the left and Saint Wendelin on the right stand on separate plinths .
  • High altar pictures

  • Birth of Jesus (Eisenmann)

  • Crucifixion (Schmider)

  • Resurrection (Schmider)

  • Afra protects Mühlenbach (Schmid)

The large altarpiece is available seven times for the changing aspects of the church year , namely, in order of the time of origin.

- the oldest is a Christmas picture by Melchior Bernhard Eisenmann (1717–1772) from Haslach
- another Christmas picture,
- a crucifixion picture and
- a picture of the resurrection by Konrad Schmider (1859–1898),
- a recording of Mary in heaven by August Pfister from Gruol , who also worked in the pilgrimage church of Maria Zell near Hechingen during the First World War ,
- a proclamation by Emil Brischle (1884–1966) from Offenburg and
- Afra as the protector of Mühlenbach , painted in 1982 by Manfred A. Schmid (1911–2009), whose first major commission in 1936 was the interior design of St. Urban in Freiburg-Herdern . Afra, accompanied by angels, rises to heaven on a cloud, while the fire of her execution burns down on the left and Mühlenbach with the town hall and the church is in the valley on the right.
  • The middle of the right side altar is formed by Joseph of Nazareth with a saw in his right hand and the baby Jesus on his left arm. The statue was carved in 1944 by Alfons Noflaner from South Tyrol. St. James the Elder is standing smaller as a pilgrim on the left , reminiscent of the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela , on the right the Apostle Matthew with an ax and a book. The fifteen rosary medallions on the left altar correspond to fourteen medallions with images of the fourteen helpers in need , again probably by Eisenmann. At the top of the excerpt is the archangel Michael with a flaming sword and a shield, labeled “Quis ut Deus?” - “Who is like God?”, Below on the left a guardian angel with a child, on the right St. George slaying the dragon.

Others

On the altar of the baroque choir, today's Marienkapelle, there is a Pietà , which was heavily restored by Alfons Noflaner , formerly a miraculous image of the Brothers Valley Chapel in Lahr-Kuhbach . The tabernacle is a silversmith's work by Alfred Erhart .

  • "Eisenmanns

  • Peter

  • Andreas

  • Jude Squidward

The eight - originally twelve - pictures of the apostles on the walls of the ship, which Pastor Severin Beck had banished to the attic, were painted by Melchior Bernhard Eisenmann. The fourteen Stations of the Cross were modeled by Peter Valentin (1877–1962), who came from South Tyrol, lived in Offenburg and created “works of immaculate beauty”, including the side altars in St. Arbogast in neighboring Haslach.

The organ was built by Franz Winterhalter in Oberharmersbach from 1963 to 1965 .

Two of the five bells were cast by the Strasbourg company Ludwig Edel in 1821, the other three in 1952 by Friedrich Wilhelm Schilling's Heidelberg company .

literature

  • Mühlenbach parish : parish church St. Afra. Digitized. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  • Mühlenbach. In: Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI. Freiburg administrative district. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1982. ISBN 3-17-007174-2 , pp. 333–334 (digitized regional studies discover Baden-Württemberg online: Mühlenbach. [1] Retrieved October 17, 2015).
  • Norbert Lieb : The Vorarlberg baroque master builders. 3. Edition. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich 1976.
  • Martin Ruch: Mühlenbach in the Black Forest - a village story. pages by the publisher and community of Mühlenbach 2013. ISBN 978-3-943874-03-7 .
  • Werner Scheurer: Professor Hermann Josef (P. Adrian Opraem) Eisenmann (1758–1838), the son of Haslach's "apostle painter" Bernhard Melchior Eisenmann. In: Die Ortenau 17, 1991, pp. 448–465 ( digitized version . Retrieved October 18, 2015).
  • Werner Scheurer : Parish Church of St. Afra Mühlenbach. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 1997.
  • Stefanie Schnurr, Gernot Kreutz: The small monuments in Mühlenbach. Mühlenbach community 2012. ISBN 978-3-931741-36-5 .
  • Max Wingenroth : Mühlenbach . In: Max Wingenroth: The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden Volume 7: The art monuments of the Offenburg district. Mohr Siebeck Verlag, Tübingen, 1908, pp. 641-644. Digitized. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
  • Mühlenbach. In: Dagmar Zimdars u. a. : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Baden-Württemberg II . Munich, Berlin, Deutscher Kunstverlag 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 467.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ruch 2013, p. 23.
  2. ↑ Scheurer 1997, p. 2.
  3. ↑ Wingenroth 1904, p. 642.
  4. ^ Sigmund Ritter von Riezler: Fürstenberg, Fredrich II. Graf zu (1496 to 1559). Retrieved September 22, 2015.
  5. ↑ Ruch 2013, pp. 35–36.
  6. ↑ Scheurer 1997, p. 4.
  7. ↑ Scheurer 1997, p. 8.
  8. ↑ Lieb 1976, pp: 93 and 88; at Lieb “Jakob Häring”; According to the Immendingen death register, he built around 20 churches.
  9. ↑ Schnurr and Kreutz 2012, p. 127.
  10. ↑ Schnurr and Kreutz 2012, p. 134.
  11. ↑ Scheurer 1997, p. 20.
  12. ↑ Schnurr and Kreutz 2012, pp. 134–135.
  13. ↑ Scheuer 1997, p. 30.
  14. ^ Kurt Klein: The painter from Kreuzberg. Has Karl Schmider been forgotten? In: Die Ortenau , Volume 45, 1965, pp. 159–166 ( digitized version ); Josef Krausbeck: Karl Schmider's works. In: Die Ortenau , Volume 45, 1965, pp. 166-169 ( digitized version ). Retrieved July 29, 2015.
  15. ↑ Hans Sigmund: A life for painting. Manfred A. Schmid died at the age of 98. In: Badische Zeitung of August 4, 2009. Digitized. Retrieved October 19, 2015.
  16. ↑ According to his legend, Matthew is represented as an apostle with a sword or a halberd , but it is sometimes "stunted into an ax": Joseph Braun : Costume and attributes of the saints in German art. JB Metzler , Stuttgart 1943, column 525.
  17. ↑ Pastoral care unit An der Schutter : The brother valley chapel. Digitized. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  18. ^ Hermann Brommer : Parish Church of St. Arbogast, Haslach im Kinzigtal. Verlag Schnell and Steiner, Munich, Zurich 1978, p. 20.
  19. ↑ Ruch 2013, p. 257.
  20. ↑ Ruch 2013, pp. 252-257. Further website of the Archdiocese of Freiburg: Bell search, Catholic parish church St. Afra in Mühlenbach . Digitized. Retrieved October 23, 2015.

Coordinates: 48 ° 15 ′ 11.2 "  N , 8 ° 6 ′ 41.8"  E