Krommenohl

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Krommenohl
Municipality Marienheide
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 17 ″  N , 7 ° 29 ′ 58 ″  E
Height : approx. 300 m
Residents : 19  (Nov 24, 2005)
Postal code : 51709
Area code : 02269
Krommenohl (Marienheide)
Krommenohl

Location of Krommenohl in Marienheide

Krommenohl is a district of the Marienheide community in the Oberbergisches Kreis in North Rhine-Westphalia .

Location and description

The place is about 3.8 km from the community center. Krommenohl (is also sometimes spelled "Krummenohl", formerly also "Crummenohl" and "Crommenohl"), in the north-west of the municipality, came to the municipality of Marienheide on January 1st, 1975 . It previously belonged to the now dissolved community of Klüppelberg .

history

The village of Krommenohl is a historical place for the Bergisches Land , probably the best known of the powder industry. The “Kingdom of Buchholz” was rightly spoken of in the Wipper valley. In Krommenohl there were buildings and facilities of the company Cramer & Buchholz, u. a. the former office building and the “tobacco house”, which is now used as a residential building, the powder mills' break building, where workers could smoke.

The Krommenohl estate once included 3000 acres of land. This property was acquired by the Cramer & Buchholz "dynasty", and they were not from bad parents. If a Jörg Wolter had already started producing black powder in the Pulverbecke near Rönsahl during the Thirty Years' War (1620) and passed on the knowledge to his son-in-law Cramer, a young man named Carl Friedrich joined the later “son-less” Cramer family in 1830 Buchholz up and married "a". The alliance for many decades of the best powder manufacturing was concluded.

The Cramers alone had already lived in great prosperity. They had villas built in the Wipper valley and in Rönsahl. The builder Schinkel lent a hand, so you hear again and again, and the connection to the Prussian royal family was also seamless.

The Rönsahl powder was very popular: this powder, which the monk Berthold Schwarz once discovered by chance as an explosive mixture during one of his alchemical attempts at gold production. It was the year 1353. The powder manufacturers actually knew how to make this powder their gold. It is not for nothing that people still speak of the so-called black powder - after the monk black.

The composition of the powder was also closely guarded for a long time. Today this is no longer a secret. The Rönsahler powder consisted of 65% saltpeter, 20-22% sulfur and 12-13% charcoal. Saltpetre and sulfur were brought in from overseas. B. from Chile with the fast sailing ships called "Clipper".

300 years of the gunpowder industry in and around Rönsahl and Ohl: The great demand for gunpowder during the Thirty Years' War and the use of black powder in the flourishing mining industry after the end of the war favored the economic situation of the powder mills.

In 1680 two mills were first mentioned in a document. On the occasion of an advance payment, the owners of all hammers, forges and mills had to pay certain amounts. The powder mills “zu Ballenbrügge” (later sunk in the Lingese dam) and the powder mill “beym Dorffe” each had to pay 20 Reichstaler. ( Note: The location of the powder mill "beym Dorffe" is believed to be in Krommenohl, where the Böckelt house is now.)

Powder makers from the Cramer family operated in Krommenohl (in 1723 they leased the property on the Wipper from Marienheide Abbey in order to build a powder mill there) and their mills in the Pulver-Becke. Due to its high quality, the local powder was in such great demand early on that most of the production was exported. There were lively business relationships with Cologne trading houses.

In a complete overview of all powder mills in West Germany from around 1800, half of the plants listed there are concentrated in the Krommenohl area. At that time there were eight powder mills on the Wupper between Marienheide and Klaswipper, seven of which belonged to members of the Cramer family and one to a Kruse aufm Singern, now Marienheide.

After the Napoleonic rule, the now up-and-coming industry and the associated high demand for raw materials brought a steadily increasing demand for explosive powder in mining and quarries. New overseas markets were opened up. The more and more popular shooting clubs brought great demand for target powder. A list from 1824 lists the types of powder produced in the local powder mills. After that, it was mainly disk powder that was produced, with smaller quantities of explosive powder, hunting powder and military powder being produced.

The same list also reports on the mills that exploded in the period described. Accordingly, two works by the widow Joh. Hermann Cramer that were close together exploded in Crummenohl in 1822 and 1823 .

Schinkel had already “put his hand” on the gable of the VILLA OHL house in planning, but the rest of the time was also befitting. Liveried servants ensured well-being and the houses in Krommenohl, Ohl and Rönsahl still bear witness to high prosperity despite their patina. The maids were 'in position' and had to use their own maid staircase so as not to run into the gentlemen on the stairs. They also had a coach house with a decent interior. The carriages were top notch and the drivers were always ready to drive.

On October 16, 1913, the day before he inaugurated the Völkerschlachtdenkmal in Leipzig, Kaiser Wilhelm II arrived. Why come here? He wanted to be sure of the support of the Rhineland for "campaigns" and had several propaganda trips ahead of him. But he stayed in one house for longer than anywhere else. Here in Villa Ohl he met his friend from the naval training, Captain Buchholz. During the Boxer uprising in 1901, he had already used armed force to “break the resistance of the Chinese” (Germans to the front! It was loud at the time). And here he was busy for a while, dealing with memories and his "friend".

Sons and daughters

Krommenohl has a famous son, the opera singer Franz Crass (1928–2012). Born in Wipperfürth, he initially only spent a few years of his childhood in Krommenohl. In the 1930s his family moved to Liegnitz in Silesia. In 1945 he returned to Krommenohl after being captured by the Americans a few weeks before the end of the war and therefore spared the Volkssturm .

Symbol Wanderer.svg Hiking and biking trails

  • The SGV district hiking trail 6 ( Wupperweg ) runs through Krummenohl from the source to the mouth of the Wupper .

literature

  • Regina Marcus: From Thunderbolt to Dynamite. 2nd and 3rd part. In: Hans Kurt Wirth: Basics and development of industry in the Kierspe-Rönsahl area up to the end of the 19th century. A contribution to local history. Self-published, Kierspe 1950.
  • Harry Böseke : Schinkel, salons and black powder . In: Neue Rheinische Zeitung , online flyer No. 30, from February 7, 2006. Accessed June 20, 2015.
  • Nicolaus J. Breidenbach : Old houses and farms in the Wupperviereck of Wermelskirchen, Burg Castle, Remscheid, Hückeswagen, Wipperfürth, Kürten, Lindlar, Odenthal and Burscheid (= Wermelskirchen. 16). sn, Wermelskirchen 2011, ISBN 978-3-9802801-2-9 .