Lütkenwisch

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Lütkenwisch
community Lanz
Coordinates: 53 ° 2 ′ 17 ″  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 20 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 21  (16 Aug 2018)
Incorporation : April 1st 1969
Postal code : 19309
Area code : 038780
Old school Lütkenwisch during the Elbe floods in January 2011, on the Elbe side the memorial stone for the border victims of the Elbe and the standardized oak
Old school Lütkenwisch during the Elbe floods in January 2011, on the Elbe side the memorial stone for the border victims of the Elbe and the standardized oak

Lütkenwisch is an inhabited part of the municipality Lanz of the Lenzen-Elbtalaue office in the Prignitz district in Brandenburg .

geography

The village is four kilometers south-southwest of Lanz and ten kilometers southeast of Lenzen , the seat of the Lenzen-Elbtalaue office. Most of the buildings are located directly on and on the Elbe dike . The Mittelhorst residential area is also located in the area of ​​the municipality .

The district Lütkenwisch extends in the north to the Löcknitz , in the east to the state road 121 and along the connecting road that branches off from there to Mittelhorst, and in the south and west to the Elbe. The neighboring towns are Lanz in the north, Mittelhorst and Jagel in the northeast, Cumlosen and Müggendorf in the southeast, Klein Wanzer and Aulosen in the south, Stresow and Gummern in the southwest, Schnackenburg in the west, and Wustrow in the northwest.

history

The Elbe village of Lütkenwisch before the Thirty Years War

The village of Lütkenwisch was first mentioned in a document in 1502. At that time the farmers in this country and up to the Baltic Sea coast still spoke Low German throughout and called the place “tor lutken Wisch”, which means to the small meadow. This name was probably used even before the village was founded for an island-like elevation protruding from the water of the Elbe Valley, on which grass and herbs had settled. As can be proven in many places, the name of the location was also transferred to the new place of residence. The German settlement of the Elbe lowlands, which stretches over a width of several kilometers to the village of Lanz, was only possible after the Elbe river was dyed, the work of many generations. But even after that, the diked area was still largely under water. The first land on the Feldmark Lütkenwisch was the Planten Horst and the high Horst, is reported in 1524. Most of the Feldmark could not be used for agriculture or only in the summer months when the water had withdrawn.

The main livelihood of the Lütkenwisch farmers was livestock farming . Cattle and horses were kept, but only a few pigs, because solid oaks and beeches, the fruits of which were important for pig fattening in the wild, were missing on the field marrow. Agriculture was only practiced to a very limited extent. The marshland was too wet and tough, it was difficult to work with agricultural implements. In addition, there were no paved paths on which horse-drawn carts loaded with crops could have driven without the risk of getting stuck. In the many old Elbarmen in the lowlands, the Lütkenwisch farmers covered part of their food needs with fishing. The so-called great reed seems to have been the most productive. It had a lot of water and was still so rich in fish in the 17th century that it was worthwhile for the farmers to set up fish weirs and fish for traps there.

500 years ago, more than two dozen farming families made their living there. In 1545 there were 26 farmers known by name. These include seven Hüfner and 19 Kossaten . The Hüfner had a hoof of land and are roughly equivalent to full farmers. Kossäts owned about half as much and were later sometimes referred to as half-farmers. The Lütkenwischer were not independent farmers, but subjects of the Junkers von Möllendorff , von Retzdorff and von Platen . The subject relationship was only ended in the 19th century when services and taxes were ransomed.

Around 1800 the place belonged to the Perleberg district of the province of Prignitz ; part of the Kurmark of the Mark Brandenburg . In a description of this landscape from 1804, the village was given with 208 inhabitants. Among them were a Büdner, two Lehnschulzen, three residents, five whole farmers and 18 Kossaten. In addition, there were 45 fire places, good soil and 25 acres of wood. The residents were parish in Cumlosen and the address was Perleberg. The "Gevetter von Möllendorf " were named as owners .

Final phase of the Second World War

In mid-April 1945 the US Army occupied the Altmark villages on the other side of the Elbe . Until April 24th, Lütkenwisch and the places in the Wendland region south of the Elbe belonged to the Lenzen bridgehead, which was defended by the Wehrmacht , and was affected by the sometimes bitter and loss-making battles with the Americans. The combat-ready German defenders withdrew to Lenzen , in order to be deployed from there against the Red Army, which was already advancing from the Berlin area . In the period that followed, day by day more soldiers from the Wehrmacht, which was in the process of dissolution, tried to reach the American-occupied bank of the Elbe in order to escape the dreaded Soviet captivity . To the east of Lütkenwisch, the Americans had built a ferry station and took prisoners of war across the Elbe in motor boats. Stragglers tried to swim to the safe shore, and many drowned victims were recorded.

On May 2, 1945, shortly after 6:00 p.m., mounted Cossack units of the Red Army reached the village and the Elbe. In the first days after the occupation, the civilian population suffered greatly from the Soviet soldiers . From now on the Elbe formed the demarcation line to the British occupation zone , Lütkenwisch was in the Soviet occupation zone .

SED dictatorship and socialism

After the end of the war, citizens in Lütkenwisch joined the democratic parties, the community representatives and the mayor were democratically elected again. After the forced unification of the SPD and KPD to form the SED , which was forced by the Soviet occupation forces , the SPD members found themselves in the communist SED, resistance or resignation was a dangerous undertaking, many opponents of the unification had been arrested and convicted by Soviet military tribunals .

With the law of the government of the GDR of May 26, 1952, the exclusion zone was decided and implemented in the Westprignitz district by deployment order of the state authority of the Brandenburg People's Police. Until 1989, Lütkenwisch was in the exclusion zone in the 500 m protective strip. The 10 m control strip ran on the Elbe side of the Dorfstrasse on the dike.

To intimidate the predominantly rural population, forced resettlements took place on June 11th and 12th, 1952 " Aktion Ungeziefer ", in the Westprignitz district also "D-Linie", and in 1961 " Aktion Kornblume ". The GDR government had families who were considered to be “politically unreliable” forcibly resettled from the inner-German border to the interior of the country. The assessment of “political unreliability” was arbitrary, so that the forced resettlement affected people who had made any negative comments about the state. In 1952, four farming families were deported from Lütkenwisch to the Prenzlau district in the Uckermark and their businesses were expropriated with the aim of promoting the development of the socialist LPG .

“The expulsion commission of the Westprignitz district confirmed 42 families and 14 individuals with a total of 164 people and actually expelled them. It should also be noted that 382.65 hectares of land became free through this relocation. "

First of all, the four farms with 98.68 hectares of usable agricultural area were jointly managed by a local farm ÖLB and, after the formal expropriation of land, were brought into the LPG. On January 21, 1953, the LPG "New Life" Lütkenwisch Type III was founded by 12 founding members. The newly founded LPG Lütkenwisch was thus the first LPG in the Lenzen area to immediately operate both fields of production as a cooperative.

By resolution of the people's representatives of the council of the community of January 15, 1969, the community Lütkenwisch was incorporated together with the community part Mittelhorst to the community Lanz . This decision came into force on April 1, 1969.

The town of Lütkenwisch, located in the 500-meter protective strip, lost 85% of its population as a result of reprisals from the GDR border regime by the fall of 1989, and more than 40 buildings were demolished. For 1992 it was planned to systematically grind the place down to the foundation walls.

After the turn

After the fall of the Berlin Wall , many former villagers returned to Lütkenwisch. The reconstruction and the extensive refurbishment of the run-down buildings characterize the difficult years of the new beginning. The farms of the families Ziem and Ebel have been re-established . The Cafe Jaap was re-established in the completely renovated house of the Hubert Jaap farm, the Pension Jaap in the completely renovated house of the Robert Krug farm with an unobstructed view of the Elbe dike over the Elbe landscape.

Memorial stone for the border victims of the Elbe

Between 1961 and 1989 dozens of GDR citizens paid for their attempt to flee across the Elbe section of the inner-German border with their lives. For example, on August 19, 1974 at Elbe kilometer 472.2 up the Elbe from Lütkenwisch, the 21-year-old Hans-Georg Lemme from Groß Breese near Wittenberge was run over by a GDR border boat and was fatally injured by ship's propellers. At the initiative of Pastor Gottfried Winter, the Lanz community erected a memorial for those killed trying to escape across the Elbe. A ship's propeller and an inscription plaque are attached to a field stone. Erected near the place of his death 25 years after Lemme's death, it is intended to commemorate all border deaths on the Elbe. The monument is located on the Elbe side in front of the old school Lütkenwisch near the single oak. The inscription reads: "1999 / Den Grenzopfern / der Elbe / 1961–1989".

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The motor-driven car ferry connects the end of the federal road 493 Uelzen Lüchow Schnackenburg to the Brandenburg L 121 from Lütkenwisch to Lanz. The right Elbe Cycle Path runs through Lütkenwisch and the ferry to Schnackenburg is the connection to the left Elbe Cycle Path.

  • Lütkenwisch ferry terminal seen from Schnackenburg

  • Memorial stone to Elbe victims on the Elbe Cycle Path

literature

  • Historical Gazetteer Brandenburg - Part 1 - Prignitz - A-M . Modifications made by Lieselott Enders . In: Klaus Neitmann (Ed.): Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv (State Archive Potsdam) - Volume 3 . Founded by Friedrich Beck . Publishing house Klaus-D. Becker, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-88372-032-6 , pp. 539 ff .

Web links

Commons : Lütkenwisch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Office Lenzen-Elbtalaue - Inhabitants and Registration (Ed.): Population figures of the Office Lenzen-Elbtalaue. Deadline: 08/16/2018 . Lenzen (Elbe) August 16, 2018.
  2. ↑ a b Municipality of Lanz - inhabited parts of the municipality - residential areas. In: service.brandenburg.de. Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of Brandenburg, accessed on February 8, 2016 .
  3. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  4. ^ Karl Friedrich Krull: The great cry of Christian von Möllendorff. Stories from the Elbe valley between Wittenberge and Lenzen . P. 2
  5. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg: For statisticians, businessmen, especially for camera operators . First volume. The general introduction to the Kurmark, containing the Altmark and Prignitz. Friedrich Maurer, Berlin 1804, Part Four. Special country description. Second part. The Prignitz. First chapter. The Perleberg Circle, p. 422 ( full text in Google Book Search [accessed February 22, 2016]).
  6. ^ Karl-Heinz Schwerdtfeger: End of the war in Wendland, Book 2: Lenzen bridgehead. ISBN 978-3-8391-5603-2
  7. ↑ Karl-Heinz Stüring: exclusion zone and protective strips. Archived from the original on September 3, 2014 ; Retrieved January 3, 2016 .
  8. ↑ State authority of the Brandenburg People's Police - operational staff analysis of the "D-line" campaign in the Westprignitz district of June 12, 1952, pp. 1, 6, 7
  9. ↑ LPG Chronicle (Cooperation) 1st revision 1986 and 1987 written by Wolfgang Preuss † 2006
  10. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the Lütkenwisch community representatives on January 15, 1969
  11. ^ Anne Kaminsky (Ed.): Places of Remembrance: Memorial signs, memorials and museums on the dictatorship in the Soviet occupation zone and GDR . 2nd Edition. Ch.links, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86153-443-3 , p. 184 .