Radicali Italiani

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Radicali Italiani
Party logo
Party executive Barbara Bonvicini (Presidente)
Silvja Manzi (Segretario)
Emma Bonino (Leader)
founding July 14, 2001
coalition Rosa nel Pugno (2005-07)
with Partito Democratico (2008-13)
+ Europe (since 2017)
ideology Left liberalism ,
radicalism ,
libertarianism ,
secularism
International connections Liberal International
European party ALDE
MPs
2/630
Senators
1/315
MEPs
0/76
Headquarters ItalyItaly Rome , Via di Torre Argentina 76
Party newspaper Note Radicali
Website www.radicali.it

Radicali Italiani (Italian Radicals, RI) is an Italian party with a radical-liberal orientation.

history

Demonstration of the Radicali Italiani Vaticano paga tu against the financial privileges of the Catholic Church on September 17, 2011 near the Breccia di Porta Pia , where the Bersaglieri broke through the Aurelian Wall in 1870 and thus completed the unification of Italy

The party sees itself as the legacy of the Partito Radicale (Radical Party, 1955–1989). This was renamed the Transnational Radical Party (TRP) in 1989 and restructured itself as a transnational movement . In 1995 it was recognized by the United Nations as a non-governmental organization . According to the rules for NGOs, the TRP could not take part in elections, which is why its members now entered with formally independent lists named after the respective top candidate: until 1999 Lista Pannella , then Lista Bonino . The Lista Pannella ran for parliamentary elections in 1994 in the center-right alliance Polo delle Libertà with Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia , after which it remained independent of the major political blocs. The Lista Bonino experienced its greatest success in the 1999 European elections when it received 8.5% of the vote and 8 of the 87 Italian seats in the European Parliament. From 1999 to 2001, your MEPs formed a Technical Group of Independent MPs with the French Front National , Lega Nord and Vlaams Blok .

In 2001, the Radicali Italiani were founded out of the TRP, which saw themselves as the Italian branch of the transnational party. The tradition of competing with lists of people rather than under the party name was continued. In the 2004 European elections , Lista Bonino received 2.3% and two seats. For the 2006 elections , the RI joined forces with the Socialisti Democratici Italiani (SDI) to form the Rosa nel Pugno ("Rose in Fist") list connection , which belonged to the center-left alliance L'Unione . Some of the members refused to belong to the center-left camp and split under the leadership of Benedetto Della Vedova as the Riformatori Liberali , which joined Silvio Berlusconi's center-right block. Rosa nel Pugno received 2.6% of the vote, resulting in 7 seats for the RI. In the Prodi II cabinet , the Radicali appointed Emma Bonino, Minister for International Trade and European Policy.

Sections of the RI initially followed the establishment of the center-left rallying party Partito Democratico (PD) in 2007 with interest, especially since Marco Pannella had already suggested the introduction of majority voting and the formation of two large parties in the 1990s. Pannella even announced his candidacy for chairmanship of the PD at times. However, he withdrew it after the majority of the radicals refused to join the PD and decided to continue his own party. In December the RI dissolved the Rosa-nel-Pugno alliance with the SDI.

However, the Radicali formed an electoral alliance with the PD for the 2008 parliamentary election : members of the RI ran for candidates on the PD lists, which earned them six MPs and three Senate seats. For the 2009 European elections , the radicals ran again separately. Although they were able to increase their share of the vote to 2.4%, a four percent clause had meanwhile been introduced, so that the party lost its representation in the European Parliament. For the Italian parliamentary election in 2013 , the Radicali with the Lista Amnistia Giustizia Libertà (“Amnesty Justice Freedom List”) ran again under the leadership of Marco Pannella , but fell to 0.2%. Nevertheless, they were represented in the cabinet of the “Grand Coalition” under Enrico Letta in 2013-14 , in which Emma Bonino was Foreign Minister.

In 2017, the break between the non-governmental organization TRP and the Radicali Italiani took place. In November 2017, the Radicali Italiani formed an alliance with the Forza Europa party led by Benedetto Della Vedova (a former member of the RI but who had joined the center-right camp in 2005, Gianfranco Finis FLI in 2010 and Mario Montis Scelta Civica in 2013 before he founded his own party in 2017) under the name + Europa (pronounced Più Europa , ie "More Europe"). This was later joined by the small Christian-social and social-liberal party Centro Democratico . As part of the broader center-left coalition led by the PD, the list received 2.6% of the vote, giving the RI two MPs and one senator. Bündnis + Europa also ran for the 2019 European elections , but failed with 3.1% of the vote at the four percent hurdle.

The office of Segretario , ie the official party chairman, is re-elected every year, which is why there are frequent changes in leadership. Regardless of this, Emma Bonino, by far the most prominent politician in the party, is referred to as the leader , ie the actual top woman, of the Radicali Italiani.

Positions

The RI describe their political orientation as liberal, liberista e libertario , which means political liberalism, economic liberalism and the greatest possible freedom of the individual from state and other authorities. Because of their socio-politically progressive stance, they are often assigned to the center-left spectrum, but differ from the other parties in this spectrum, e.g. B. the large Partito Democratico , through their liberal economic positions and their uncompromising attitude towards the church and in questions of criminal justice.

The principles of the party include the preservation of democracy , the rule of law and civil rights , nonviolence , pacifism , anti-militarism and anti- authoritarianism , anti-clericalism and a critical attitude towards the Catholic Church, the defense of religious freedom and the advocacy of secularism , a liberal drug policy , and environmental protection and European federalism . Under the chairman Daniele Capezzone , the party emphasized particularly economically liberal positions, but he left the party in 2006 after it had allied itself with the socialists and had thus moved to the left.

The RI have been a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe since 2004 (or the European Liberal, Democratic and Reform Party until 2012).

Well-known former and current members

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stefan Köppl: The political system of Italy. An introduction. VS Verlag, Wiesbaden 2007, p. 60.