List of extinct animals and plants
According to estimates by scientists, around 5 - 50 billion species became extinct in the course of the entire evolution , which corresponds to over 99.9 percent of all species ever formed. The current biodiversity is estimated to be 10-14 million species.
Animals and plants that died out in prehistoric times ( dinosaurs , mammoths and the like) and plants are not included in this list, only those that died out in historical times and are relatively prominent . Most were exterminated directly ( hunting ) or indirectly ( habitat destruction , importation or introduction of alien species) by humans.
Extinct species
Mammal species
see: List of modern extinct mammals
- Archaeoindris fontoynonti
- Giant finger animal ( Daubentonia robusta )
- Hadropithecus
- Megaladapis edwardsi
- Mesopropithecus
- Pachylemur
Mammal subspecies
- Syrian half donkey ( Equus hemionus anatoliensis )
- Quagga ( Equus quagga quagga )
Birds
see: List of the modern extinct birds
- Late Quaternary Avifauna - for birds that (mostly) died out before 1500 but after 40,000 BC
fishes
see: List of the recently extinct fish
- Long-pine whitefish ( Coregonus alpenae )
- Gravenche ( Coregonus hiemalis )
- Deep water whale ( Coregonus johannae )
- Short-nosed whitefish ( Coregonus reighardi )
- Utah bullhead ( Cottus echinatus )
- Tecopa-Kärpfling ( Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae )
- White stripe fundulus ( Fundulus albolineatus ) (disputed status)
- Amistad-Kärpfling ( Gambusia amistadensis )
- Lepidomeda altivelis
- Amanto ( Orestias cuvieri )
- New Zealand trout pike ( Prototroctus oxyrhynchus )
- Blue eyeglass ( Sander vitreus glaucus , formerly Stizostedion vitreum glaucum )
- Galápagos damselfish ( Azurina eupalama ) (last seen in 1983)
- Rhizosomichthys totae (last seen in 1957)
- Alburnus danubicus (last seen in 1943)
Amphibians
see: List of the recently extinct amphibians
- Golden toad ( Bufo periglenes )
- Stomach breeder frogs ( Rheobatrachus )
Reptiles
see: List of the modern extinct reptiles
- Roosevelt's Anolis ( Anolis roosevelti )
- Cylindraspis
- Rodrigues giant gecko ( Phelsuma gigas )
- Rodrigues day gecko ( Phelsuma edwardnewtoni )
- Podarcis lilfordi rodriquezi subspecies of the Balearic Lizard in Mao Bay.
- Tarentola albertschwartzi , giant gecko from the island of Jamaica
- Galápagos giant tortoise subspecies Chelonoidis nigra abingdoni - on June 24, 2012 the last specimen named Lonesome George died
insects
see: List of the recently extinct insects
- Tobias caddis fly ( Hydropsyche tobiasi ) - found on the Middle Rhine until around 1938
- St. Helena giant earwig ( Labidura herculeana ) - the largest earwig in the world, not seen since 1967.
- Lycaena dispar dispar - British subspecies of the great fire butterfly
- Mecodema punctellum
- Rock Mountain Shrimp ( Melanoplus spretus )
- Aplothorax burchelli , giant ground beetle from St. Helena . Last seen in 1967.
- Agrotis laysanensis , Laysan's owl butterfly. Last seen in 1911.
- Urania sloanus , Urania butterfly from Jamaica. Last seen in 1894 or 1895.
Molluscs
see: List of the recently extinct molluscs
- Achatinella buddii viviparous tree snail, endemic to Oahu, last seen in 1900.
- Achatinella spaldingi viviparous tree snail, endemic to Oahu, last seen in 1938.
- Partula turgida , species of snail from Raiatea, the last specimen died in London Zoo in 1996.
- Partula arguta , species of snail from Huahine, the last specimen died in London Zoo in 1995.
Other animal species
see: List of animals that have become extinct in modern times
- Rhinodrilus fafner , a giant worm from Brazil, onlyknown from the 1918 holotype .
- Lake Pedder earthworm ( Hypolimnus pedderensis ), an earthworm from the genus Hypolimnus , known only for the holotype, found in Tasmania in 1971
Extinct plant species
- Acacia kingiana , only known from the Western Australia holotype from1923
- Achyranthes atollensis , lastdetectedon the Kure Atoll in 1964
- Garlic ( Allium sativum ) the wild form
- Anonidium usambarense
- Argyroxiphium virescens , last detected in 1945
- Begonia eiromischa
- Bonatea lamprophylla
- Clermontia multiflora
- Cyanea comata
- Cyanea giffardii
- Cyanea linearifolia
- Cyanea longissima
- Cyanea quercifolia
- Silphium , Sylphion, Silphion, Laserpitium ( Ferula historica )
- Overlooked feltwort ( Filago neglecta ), last detected around 1930 in Lorraine
- Long-running hawkweed ( Hieracium longistolonosum ), micro-endite of the Tegernheim mountains and on Scheibelberg near Regensburg, last documented in 1937
- Haplostachys bryanii
- Hibiscadelphus crucibracteatus
- Kokia lanceolata
- Lobelia remyi
- Melicope obovata
- St. Helena olive tree ( Nesiota elliptica ), in the wild in 1994, extinct in cultivation in 2003
- Pyramidal spiral palm ( Pandanus pyramidalis )
- Radula visianica
- Lake Constance saxifrage ( Saxifraga oppositifolia ssp. Amphibia )
- Streblorrhiza speciosa
- Vanvoorstia bennettiana
- Viola cryana
- Weinmannia spiraeoides , only known from the holotype from the Fiji island of Ovalau from 1840.
- Wikstroemia villosa
- Polystichum fuentesii , only known from the holotype from Easter Island from 1911.
See also
- Species extinction
- List of extinct plant species in Germany
- List of the modern extinct birds
- Late Quaternary Avifauna
- Lazarus effect (supposedly extinct animal species)
- Red list of endangered species
- Washington Convention on Endangered Species
- biodiversity
- biodiversity
- Conservation Biology
literature
- Edwin Antonius: Lexicon of extinct birds and mammals , 2003, Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, ISBN 3-931587-76-2
- Vinzenz Ziswiler: Threatened and exterminated animals , 1965, Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg - New York
Web links
- https://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/Ausgestorbene_Arten_HG_12_06.pdf (PDF file; 69 kB)
- http://www.artensterben.de/
- http://extinct.petermaas.nl/extinct/
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kunin, William E., Gaston, Kevin J .: The biology of rarity: causes and consequences of rare-common differences . 1st ed. Chapman & Hall, London 1997, ISBN 0-412-63380-9 .