List of extinct plant species in Germany

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Extinct plant species in Germany

Class Monocot (Liliopsida)

Subclass Lily-like (Liliidae)

  • Asparagales (Asparagales)
    • Orchids (orchidaceae)
      • Spitzels orchid ( Orchis spitzelii ), the only German occurrence on the Schloßberg near Nagold, extinct around 1900, very disjoint area. North of the Alps in the French Jura and Gotland, in Switzerland a location in the Simplon region (Valais), in Austria in the state of Salzburg near Saalfelden , more common in the Mediterranean region, but threatened in many places

Subclass Commelina-like (Commelinidae)

  • Sweet grass (Poales)
    • Sourgrass (Cyperaceae)
      • Head sedge ( Carex capitata ), arctic species that died out in the foothills of the Alps around 1900 and only occurs in Central Europe as an ice age relic in the high Alps
      • Arm-flowered sedge ( Carex depauperata ), a very rare plant worldwide, the only German occurrence of which in Rhineland-Palatinate was also destroyed by collecting activities, found again in 2011 and taken into conservation culture
      • Small awn sedge ( Carex microglochin ), extinct in the foothills of the Alps around 1950, a rare mountain species whose lowland occurrence is extremely endangered
    • Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
      • Beach barley ( Hordeum marinum ), last detected in Ockholm (North Friesland) in 1959 , may never have been permanently naturalized in Germany
      • Flax Lolch ( Lolium remotum ), companion of flax cultivation, which is extremely threatened with extinction worldwide and only rarely occurs in Great Britain, Russia, the Balkans and the Near East
      • Taumel-Lolch ( Lolium temulentum ), decreased worldwide due to intensification of agriculture, in the Middle East, however, still comparatively common sweet grass
      • Gravel fescue fescue ( Micropyrum tenellum ), partly very common in southern Europe, extinct in Baden-Württemberg at the edge of the area around 1980

Class three-furrow pollen dicotyledonous (Rosopsida)

Subclass buttercups (Ranunculidae)

Subclass carnation-like (Caryophyllidae)

  • Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
    • Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
      • Warty cartilage ( Polycnenum verrucosum ), inconspicuous species, difficult to distinguish from P. arvense , Eastern European species, rare and threatened everywhere
    • Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
      • Stiff Miere ( Minuartia stricta ), arctic plant, previously found as an Ice Age relic in the foothills of the Alps (last recorded in 1877), last Central European occurrence in Switzerland acutely threatened with extinction; Found again in 2004 in the Allgäu Alps ( Bad Hindelang , exact location secret)
      • Flax catchweed ( Silene linicola ), such as Cuscuta epilinum, Camelina alyssum and Lolium remotum, found as a weed in flax fields and threatened with extinction worldwide due to the abandonment of extensive flax cultivation, the species can probably only survive in conservation culture.
      • Sticky campion ( Silene viscosa ), Asian and eastern European steppe plant that earlier Hiddensee occurred
      • Grain mermaid ( Spergularia segetalis ), extremely threatened wild herb , extinct in Germany, Switzerland and the Benelux, very rare and declining in France and Spain
    • Leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae)
      • Plantain carnation ( Armeria arenaria ), south-western European species that used to be very rare in Rhineland-Palatinate

Subclass rose-like (Rosidae)

  • Malpighiales
    • Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
      • Multi-colored milkweed ( Euphorbia epithymoides ), an occurrence near Landshut until around 1910 of the species that is otherwise found in Southeast Europe
    • Willow family (Salicaceae)
      • Alpine pasture ( Salix alpina ), most recently in 1917 in the Berchtesgaden Alps, generally not endangered in the Alpine region
    • Violet family (Violaceae)
      • Schultz's dog violets ( Viola canina ssp. Schultzii ), formerly extinct in Baden-Württemberg and possibly Rhineland-Palatinate, also in Switzerland, Austria, Romania and Alsace. Worldwide there is probably only one occurrence in Savoy , so the subspecies is highly threatened.
  • Fabales (Fabales)
    • Legumes (Fabaceae)
      • Yellow Restharrow ( Ononis natrix ). formerly at the Kaiserstuhl, extinct there due to bush cover, the next deposits in Alsace strongly threatened, mostly common in southern Europe
  • Rose-like (rosales)
    • Rose family (Rosaceae)
      • Fir rose ( Rosa abietina ), Central and Southern European mountain species, formerly in the Bavarian Alps, generally not endangered
      • Barber's blackberry ( Rubus barberi ), currently in the Jizera Mountains (Czech Republic) and Poland, formerly in Saxony, regional small species, possibly only overlooked
      • Liegnitz blackberry ( Rubus lignicensis ), formerly near Burkau (Saxony), currently very scattered in Poland
  • Cruciferous (Brassicales)
    • Cruciferous family (Brassicaceae)
      • Toothed camelina ( Camelina alyssum ), originated from Camelina microcarpa as a wild field herb of flax cultivation . With the abandonment of the extensive flax cultivation, it was probably extinct across Europe and only survived in conservation cultures.
      • Pfriemenkresse ( Subularia aquatica ), inconspicuous aquatic plant , in Germany formerly in the Swabian-Franconian Forest, Middle Franconia, Eastern Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein ( Preetz and Amrum ), is considered rare and very scattered worldwide, but probably often only overlooked

Subclass aster-like (Asteridae)

  • Heather-like (Ericales)
    • Primrose Family (Primulaceae)
      • Large man's shield ( Androsace maxima ), common in the steppes of Eastern Europe and Asia, in Central Europe acutely threatened with extinction
  • Enzianartige (Gentianales)
    • Red family (Rubiaceae)
      • Acker Meier ( Asperula arvensis ), Mediterranean wild herb that disappeared due to the intensification of agriculture in Germany
      • Parisian bedstraw ( Galium parisiense ), western and southern European species that may never have been permanently naturalized in Germany
  • Mint family (Lamiales)
    • Mint family (Lamiaceae)
      • Nordic scorpionfish ( Dracocephalum ruyschiana ), main distribution area in Siberia, the species had a few outposts in Saxony-Anhalt and Bavaria
      • Hoher Wolfstrapp ( Lycopus exaltatus ), southern and eastern European river valley plant, formerly found in Germany on the Elbe and Untermain
    • Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)
      • Rispiger blue loosestrife ( Pseudolysimachion spurium ), in Central Germany only isolated outposts of the species widespread in Eastern Europe, extinct since 1933
  • Nightshade (Solanales)
    • Bindweed family (Convolvulaceae)
      • Flax silk ( Cuscuta epilinum ), originated as a wild herb in flax cultivation. With the abandonment of the extensive flax cultivation, it was probably extinct across Europe and only survived in conservation cultures.
  • Umbelliferae (Apiales)
    • Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
      • Quirlblättriger Caraway ( Carum verticillatum ), south-western European species that had a few outposts in western Germany. One location was near Gangelt on the border with the Netherlands. The occurrence became extinct in the 1920s when the area was drained.
      • Flooding water fennel ( Oenanthe fluviatilis ), formerly found on the Upper Rhine, scattered in Great Britain, rare in France
      • Silaublättriger water fennel ( Oenanthe silaifolia ), common in the Balkans and in Asia Minor, previously very rare in the Rhine-Main area
  • Astern-like (Asterales)
    • Daisy family (Asteraceae)
      • Slit-leaved mugwort ( Artemisia laciniata ), last detected on the Elbe in 1900, common species in East Asia, the Central European occurrences were outposts 3000 km from the main distribution area
      • Nodding collar flower ( Carpesium cernuum ), not endangered in southern Europe, only had very few locations in Germany on the Inn , where the species was last found in 1905
      • French feltwort ( Filago gallica ), mainly Mediterranean species, the northernmost occurrences of which have declined sharply from southern England to Bulgaria
      • Overlooked feltwort ( Filago neglecta ), formerly near Rödersheim (Pfalz) and Bell (Eifel), no longer recorded in Germany after 1930, also extinct in Belgium and France and thus extinct worldwide before the Second World War
      • Long-running hawkweed ( Hieracium longistolonosum ), a small species from the Hieracium pilosella group, which occurred near Tegernheim and on Scheibelberg near Regensburg until 1937
      • Rod lettuce ( Lactuca viminea ), found in a few locations in the Saxon Elbe hill country until 1939, this species, which is common in south-eastern Europe, has become extinct in Germany due to intensification of agriculture
  • Cardigans (Dipsacales)

Web links

Types of the red list category "0" (extinct or lost) in Germany at Floraweb (select 0 in the search mask Rote Liste Deutschland 0)

See also