Late Quaternary Avifauna

Moas are attacked by a hair eagle

The study of late Quaternary avifauna is a sub-discipline of palaeornithology that deals with bird taxa , which became extinct between the Young Pleistocene and the year 1500 (the beginning of the colonization of America and the world by Europeans) . Another aspect of the research field is the dwarf or giant growth of birds, the loss of flight ability and the lineage from prehistoric to recent taxa.

Leading representatives in this field are or were Trevor H. Worthy , Storrs Lovejoy Olson , Pierce Brodkorb , Jean-Christophe Balouet , David William Steadman , Anthony Cheke , Helen Frances James , Julian Pender Hume and Alice Cibois , whose research work in the caves and sedimentary layers Australia , the Mascarene Islands , Hawaii , New Zealand , the Caribbean , St. Helenas , Ascensions , Madagascar , the Mediterranean Islands, the Canary Islands , Melanesia and Polynesia unearthed invaluable data on the extinct avifauna in these regions.

One of the pioneers of paleornithology was Richard Owen , who pioneered the study of moa bones.

In the period of the late Quaternary (from 40,000 BC to 1500 AD), countless bird species became extinct, which today are only known from bone finds from Pleistocene deposits or mixed Pleistocene / Holocene deposits and whose age is very difficult to date with the help of radiocarbon dating or DNA analysis. With some island forms from the Atlantic, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, the Indo-Australian and Pacific areas, it is even assumed that some species could have survived until shortly before the 16th century.

Many scientists are convinced that humans are primarily responsible, either directly or indirectly, for the extinction of many bird species during this period. This has been scientifically proven when the Pacific islands were first colonized 3,500 years ago, when the endemic bird world was damaged by pathogens, overhunting, egg collection, habitat destruction or the introduced Pacific rat ( Rattus exulans ). Some scientists assume this also for Australia , but this is extremely controversial in the professional world (see Quaternary extinction wave ).

The following overview lists bird taxa that existed between 40,000 BC. And 1500 AD are extinct:

Taxa

Aepyornithiformes

† Aepyornithidae - elephant birds

• Aepyornis
  • Aepyornis hildebrandti (synonyms: Aepyornis gracilis , Aepyornis lentus ) (Madagascar)
  • Aepyornis maximus (synonyms: Aepyornis medius , Aepyornis cursor ) (Madagascar)

• Mullerornis
  • Mullerornis modestus (synonyms: Aepyornis modestus , Mullerornis agilis , Mullerornis betsilei , Mullerornis rudis ) (Madagascar)

• Vorombe
  • Vorombe titan (synonyms: Aepyornis titan , Aepyornis ingens ) (Madagascar)

Dinornithiformes

Skeleton of a female moa. Since the females were much larger than the males, they were thought to be a separate species: Dinornis maximus

† Dinornithidae - Moas

• Anomalopteryx
  • Anomalopteryx didiformis (South Island, New Zealand)
• Euryapteryx
  • Euryapteryx curtus (North Island, New Zealand)
  • Euryapteryx geranoides (South Island, New Zealand)
• Pachyornis
  • Pachyornis australis (South Island, New Zealand)
  • Pachyornis elephantopus (South Island, New Zealand)
  • Pachyornis mappini (North Island, New Zealand)
• Dinornis
  • Dinornis novaezealandiae (North Island, New Zealand)
  • Dinornis robustus (South Island, New Zealand)
• Emeus
  • Emeus crassus (South Island, New Zealand)
• Megalapteryx
  • Megalapteryx benhami (South Island, New Zealand)

Struthioniformes

Struthionidae - Ostriches

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Asian ostrich, Struthio asiaticus (Central Asia and China)

Anseriformes

This group includes the modern day ducks and geese .

† Dromornithidae - The Australian Thunderbirds or mihirungs

• † Genyornis
  • Genyornis newtoni (Australia)

Anatidae - ducks, geese, and swans

• † Cnemiornis - New Zealand geese
  • South Island giant goose, Cnemiornis calcitrans (South Island, New Zealand)
  • Cnemiornis gracilis (North Island, New Zealand)
• † Pachyanas
  • Chatham duck Pachyanas chathamica (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
• † Centrornis
  • Centrornis majori (Madagascar)
• † Chelychelynechen Moa-Nalos
  • Chelychelynechen quassus (Kauaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
• † Ptaiochen Moa-Nalos
  • Ptaiochen pau (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
• † Thambetochen Moa-Nalos
  • Thambetochen chauliodous (Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Thambetochen xanion ( Oahu , Hawaii Islands)
• † Chendytes
  • Chendytes lawi ( California and the southern Oregon Coast , California Channel Islands , Eastern Pacific)
• † Talpanas
  • Talpanas lippa (Kauai, Hawaii Islands)
• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Dendrocygna sp. (Aitutaki, Cook Islands)
  • Nēnē-nui , Branta hylobadistes (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Branta rhuax (Hawaiʻi, Hawaii Islands) (formerly described as Geochen rhuax , an unidentified giant Hawaiian? Branta sp. (Olson & James, 1991) from Hawaiʻi has been synonymous with Branta rhuax )
  • Tadorna cf. variegata (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
  • aff. Tadorna sp. (Kauai, Hawaii Islands)
  • Madagascar goose Alopochen sirabensis (Madagascar)
  • Malacorhynchus scarletti (New Zealand)
  • Bermuda duck Anas pachyscelus (Bermuda Islands)
  • Anas cf. chlorotis (Macquarie, Southwest Pacific)
  • Anas sp. (Viti Levu)
  • Mergus cf. australis (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
  • Oxyura vantetsi (North Island, New Zealand)
  • New Zealand Ragduck Biziura delautouri (New Zealand)
  • Anser aff. erythropus (Ibiza)
  • Neochen barbadiana (Barbados)
  • New Zealand swan , Cygnus sumnerensis (New Zealand)
  • Cygnus falconeri (Malta)
  • Cygnus equitum (Sicily and Malta)
• Extinct subspecies of still existing species
  • Anas chlorotis ssp. nov. (Subspecies of the New Zealand duck from the Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
  • Cygnus sumnerensis chathamensis (subspecies of the New Zealand swan from the Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. (Oahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Anatidae sp. et gen. indet. ( Rota , Mariana Islands)

Galliformes

The group includes the modern hen birds and earth quail

† Sylviornithidae - Sylviornis

• Sylviornis
  • Sylviornis neocaledoniae (New Caledonia, Melanesia)

Megapodiidae - large foot fowl

• † Megavitiornis
  • Megavitiornis altirostris ( Viti Levu , Fiji )
• † Mwalau
  • Mwalau walterlinii ( Efate , Vanuatu )
• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Megapodius alimentum ( Tonga and Fiji )
  • Megapodius sp.
    • Undescribed species from Eua Island ( Tonga ), Lifuka (Tonga) and New Ireland ( Melanesia )
  • Progura gallinacea ( Australia )
  • Megapodius molistructor ( New Caledonia and Tonga ) - according to a travelogue, could have survived into the 18th century.
  • Megapodius amissus (Viti Levu) - may have survived into the 19th century.

Phasianidae - pheasants, quail and relatives

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Canary Quail ( Coturnix gomerae ) (Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic)
  • Coturnix lignorum (Madeira)
  • Coturnix alabrevis (Porto Santo)
  • Coturnix centensis (Cape Verde Islands)

Charadriiformes

This group includes gulls , alken birds and plover species

Laridae - seagulls

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Huahine gull ( Larus utunui ) ( Huahine , Society Islands )
  • Larus sp. ( Kauaʻi , Hawaii Islands)
  • Larus sp. ( St. Helena , Atlantic )

Charadriidae - Lapwing and Plover

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Madagascar Lapwing Vanellus madagascariensis ( Madagascar )

Alcidae - alken birds

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Fratercula dowi ( California Channel Islands , East Pacific)

Scolopacidae - snipes and sandpipers

• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Henderson sandpipers, Prosobonia sp. ( Henderson , South Pacific)
  • Mangaia sandpipers, Prosobonia sp. ( Mangaia , Cook Islands)
  • Ua-hookah sandpipers, Prosobonia sp. ( Ua Huka , Marquesas )
  • Forbes snipe , Coenocorypha chathamica ( Chatham Islands , Southwest Pacific)
  • Fijian snipe , Coenocorypha miratropica ( Viti Levu , Fiji )
  • New Caledonia snipe, Coenocorypha neocaledonica ( New Caledonia , Melanesia )
  • Norfolk Snipe, Coenocorypha sp. ( Norfolk Island , Southwest Pacific)
  • Gallinago kakuki ( Cuba , Cayman Brac , Cayman Islands , Bahamas )
  • Scolopax anthonyi ( Puerto Rico )
  • Scolopax brachycarpa ( Hispaniola )

Turnicidae - run chicken

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Turnix sp. (Timor, Indonesia)

Gruiformes

This group includes the modern railings and crane birds .

Gruidae - cranes

• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Cuban crane ( Antigone cubensis ) (Cuba, West Indies)

Rallidae - Rallen

• † Capellirallus
  • Schnepfenrale , Capellirallus karamu (North Island, New Zealand)
• † Vitirallus
  • Viti Levu Rail , Vitirallus watlingi (Viti Levu, Fiji)
• † Hovacrex
  • Hovacrex roberti (Madagascar)
• † Nesotrochis
  • Nesotrochis debooyi from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands ( Lesser Antilles ), known only from subfossil bone finds. In German the species was erroneously referred to as the Carrao rail. The name "Carrao" refers to the black-wheeled crane . (see " Wolters - The Birds of the Earth" 1982)
  • Nesotrochis steganinos (Haiti, West Indies)
  • Nesotrochis picapicensis (Cuba, West Indies)
• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Porpyhrio kukwiedei (New Caledonia, Melanesia)
  • Porphyrio mcnabi (Huahine, Society Islands)
  • Porphyrio paepae (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas)
  • Porphyrio sp. (Buka, Solomon Islands)
  • Porphyrio sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
  • ? Porphyrio sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) - could probably also have belonged to the genus Pareudiastes , but a renaming is still pending .
  • Porphyrio sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
  • Porphyrio sp. (Rota, Mariana Islands)
  • Ibiza rail , Rallus eivissensis (Ibiza, Mediterranean)
  • Madeira rail , Rallus lowei (Madeira, Macaronesia)
  • Porto-Santo-Ralle , Rallus adolfocaesaris (Porto Santo, Macaronesia)
  • Rallus sp. (known from bones found in Madeira and Porto Santo).
  • São Miguel Ralle , Rallus carvaoensis (São Miguel, Azores)
  • Pico rail , Rallus montivagorum (Pico, Azores)
  • São Jorge-Ralle , Rallus nanus (previously erroneously described as Rallus minutus , but this name is preoccupied and thus a junior homonym) (São Jorge, Azores)
  • Rallus sp. (Graciosa, Azores)
  • Rallus sp. (Terceira, Azores)
  • Rallus sp. (Santa Maria, Azores)
  • Lifuka rail , Nesoclopeus sp. (Lifuka, Tonga)
  • Niue rail , Gallirallus huiatua (Niue, Cook Islands)
  • Mangaia rail , Gallirallus ripleyi (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
  • Huahine rail, Gallirallus storrsolsoni (Huahine, Society Islands)
  • Gallirallus vekamatolu (Eua Island, Tonga)
  • Gallirallus pendiculentus (Tinian, Mariana Islands, Western Pacific)
  • Gallirallus pisonii (Aguignan, Mariana Islands, Western Pacific)
  • Gallirallus temptatus (Rota, Mariana Islands, Western Pacific)
  • Gallirallus cf. owstoni (Mariana Islands, Western Pacific)
  • Gallirallus gracilitibia (Ua Huka, Marquesas)
  • Gallirallus epulare (Nuku Hiva, Marquesa)
  • Gallirallus roletti (Tahuata, Marquesas)
  • Gallirallus steadmani (Tubuai, French Polynesia)
  • New Ireland rail , Gallirallus ernstmayri (New Ireland, Melanesia)
  • Norfolk Rail, Gallirallus sp. (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific)
  • Gallirallus sp. (Rapa Iti, Austral Islands)
  • Hypotaenidia vavauensis (Vavaʻu, Tonga)
  • Hypotaenidia sp. (Tongatapu, Tonga)
  • Porzana ralphorum ( Oahu , Hawaii Islands)
  • Porzana severnsi (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Porzana rua (Mangaia, Cook Islands)
  • Porzana menehune (Molokaʻi, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Porzana ziegleri (Oahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Porzana keplerorum (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Porzana sp. (Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Southeast Pacific)
  • Porzana sp. (Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Porzana sp. (Kauaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Porzana sp. (Huahine, Society Islands)
  • Porzana sp. (Ua Huka, Marquesas)
  • Porzana sp. (Marianas, West Pacific)
  • Porzana sp. (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • ? Gallinula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji)
  • Fulica chathamensis (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
  • Fulica montanei (Chile)
  • Fulica prisca (New Zealand)
  • Rallus cyanocavi (Abaco, Bahamas)
  • Rallus gracilipes (Abaco, Bahamas)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Barbados rail , Rallidae gen. Et sp. indet. ( Barbados , West Indies) - formerly classified as Fulica podagrica ( partim )
  • Easter Island Rail, Rallidae gen. Et sp. indet. ( Easter Island )
  • Fernando-de-Noronha-Ralle, Rallidae gen. Et sp. indet . ( Fernando de Noronha , Atlantic ) - could have survived into historical times.

† Aptornithidae

• Aptornis
  • Aptornis otidiformis (New Zealand, North Island)
  • Aptornis defossor (New Zealand, South Island)

Rhynochetidae - Kagus

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Rhynochetos orarius (New Caledonia)

Ciconiiformes

Ciconiidae - storks

• Extinct species from genera still in existence
  • Ciconia maltha (California)
  • Mycteria wetmorei (Cuba)
  • Leptoptilos robustus (Flores)

Suliformes

This group includes the cormorants and boobies .

Phalacrocoracidae - cormorants

• Extinct species of a still existing genus
  • Microcarbo serventyorum (Western Australia)
  • Leucocarbo septentrionalis (New Zealand)

Sulidae - gannets

• Extinct subspecies of a still existing species
  • Papasula abbotti costelloi (Ua Huka, Marquesas)

Pelecaniformes

This group includes the modern pelicans , the herons and the ibises .

Ardeidae - herons

• Extinct species from genera still in existence
  • Ardea bennuides (United Arab Emirates)
  • Eua night heron, Nycticorax sp. ('Eua, Tonga)
  • Lifuka night heron, Nycticorax sp. (Lifuka, Tonga) - could be identical to the type of 'Eua
  • Niue night heron , Nycticorax kalavikai (Niue, Cook Islands)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Ardeidae gen. Et sp. indet. (Easter Island, East Pacific)

Threskiornithidae - Ibises

• † Maui Nui Ibises ( Apteribis )
  • Apteribis brevis (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Apteribis glenos (Molokaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Apteribis sp. (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Apteribis sp. (Lānaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
• † Xenicibis
  • Xenicibis xympithecus (Jamaica, West Indies)

Procellariiformes

This group includes albatrosses , petrels and petrels ( northern and southern ).

Procellariidae - petrels

• Extinct species from genera still in existence
  • Canarian Shearwater ( Puffinus holeae ) (Fuerteventura, Canary Islands and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula)
  • St. Helena Shearwater ( Puffinus pacificoides ) (St. Helena, South Atlantic)
  • Puffinus olsoni (Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic)
  • Scarlett shearwater ( Puffinus spelaeus ) (South Island, New Zealand)
  • Puffinus sp. (Menorca, Balearic Islands) - could be an extinct population of a species still in existence
  • Little Hawaiian Shearwater ( Pterodroma jugabilis ) ( Oahu , Hawaii Islands)
  • Pterodroma sp. (El Hierro, Canary Islands) - could be an extinct population of a still existing species
  • Pterodroma sp. (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
  • Pterodroma sp. (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Procellariidae sp. (Easter Island, Eastern Pacific) - could be an extinct population of a still-existing species

Sphenisciformes

Spheniscidae - penguins

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Eudyptes warhami (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) - may have survived until 1867

• Extinct subspecies of a still existing species
  • Eudyptes antipodes richdalei (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific) - extinct subspecies of the yellow - eyed penguin , known from bone finds from the early Holocene (7000 y BP ).

Columbiformes

Columbidae - pigeons

• † Dysmoropelia
  • Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos (St. Helena, Atlantic Ocean) - so far only known from Pleistocene deposits , but could have survived until the early settlement of St. Helena in the 16th century.
• † Natunaornis
  • Natunaornis gigoura (Viti Levu, Fiji)
• † Bountyphaps
  • Bountyphaps obsoleta (Henderson Island , South Pacific)
• † Tongoenas
  • Tongoenas burleyi (Tongatapu, Tonga, Pacific)
• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Columba melitensis (Malta)
  • Huahine Cuckoo Dove ( Macropygia arevarevauupa ) (Huahine, Society Islands)
  • Macropygia heana (Marquesas, Pacific)
  • Puerto Rican pigeon ( Geotrygon larva ) (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
  • Giant Earth Dove ( Gallicolumba nui ) (Marquesas and Cook Islands)
  • Gallicolumba leonpascoi (Henderson Island , South Pacific)
  • New Caledonian Ground Dove ( Gallicolumba longitarsus ) (New Caledonia)
  • Gallicolumba sp. (Huahine, Society Islands) - could be identical with or subspecies of Gallicolumba nui be
  • Gallicolumba sp. (Mangaia, Cook Islands) - could be identical with or subspecies of Gallicolumba nui be
  • Gallicolumba sp. (Rota, Mariana Islands)
  • Didunculus placopedetes (Tonga, Pacific)
  • Caloenas canacorum (New Caledonia)
  • Caloenas sp. (Tonga)
  • Ducula harrisoni (Henderson Island, South Pacific)
  • Ducula lakeba (Lakeba, Fiji)
  • Ducula david ('Eua, Tonga, and Wallis)
  • Ducula tihonireasini (Taravai, Gambier Islands)
  • Ducula shutleri ('Eua, Foa and Lifuka, Tonga)
  • Ducula cf. galeata (Cook Islands) - could be a new undescribed species.
  • Ducula cf. galeata (Society Islands) - could be a new undescribed species.
  • Ducula sp. (Viti Levu, Fiji) - could have been identical to D. lakeba .
  • Ducula sp. (Rapa Iti, Austral Islands)
  • Ptilinoipus sp. (Tubuai, Austral Islands)
  • cf. Zenaida aurita (Bermuda) - could have been identical to Zenaida aurita .

Psittaciformes

Strigopidae

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Chatham Kaka ( Nestor chathamensis ) (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)

Cacatuidae - Cockatoos

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Cacatua sp. (New Caledonia)
  • Cacatua sp. (New Ireland)

Psittacidae - Parrots, Parakeets, and Lories

• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Vini sinotoi (Marquesas, Huahine, Pacific)
  • Vini vidivici (Marquesas, Huahine, Pacific)
  • Polynesian Eclectus Parrot ( Eclectus infectus ) (Tonga, Vanuatu) - According to a drawing, it may have survived into the 18th century
  • St. Croix's Macaw , Ara autocthones ( Saint Croix , West Indies)
  • Cyanoramphus sp. (Campbell Island, New Zealand)
  • Cyanoramphus sp. (Rapa Iti, Austral Islands)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Psittacidae gen. Et sp. indet. 1 (Easter Island)
  • Psittacidae gen. Et sp. indet. 2 (Easter Island)
  • Psittacidae gen. Et sp. indet. (Rota, Mariana Islands)

Cuculiformes

Cuculidae - cuckoos

• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Eudynamis cf. taitensis (Henderson island)
  • Coua primaeva (Madagascar)
  • Coua berthae (Madagascar)
• Extinct subspecies of a still existing species
  • Geococcyx californianus conklingi (Southwestern North America)

Accipitriformes

Birds of prey

† Teratornithidae - Teratorns or giant vultures

• Teratornis
  • Teratornis merriami (Southwest and Southern USA)

Cathartidae - New World Vulture

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Coragyps occidentalis (Southwest and Western USA)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • ? Cathartes sp. (Cuba, West Indies)

Accipitridae - hawks

• † Gigantohierax
  • Gigantohierax suarezi (Cuba, West Indies)
• † Titanohierax
  • Titanohierax gloveralleni (Bahamas, West Indies)
  • Titanohierax sp. (Hispaniola, West Indies)
• † Harpagornis
  • Haastadler , Harpagornis moorei (South Island, New Zealand) (the most recent bone finds are dated to the year 1400, probably belongs to either the genus Haliaeetus or the genus Aquila )
• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Accipiter efficax (New Caledonia)
  • Accipiter quartus (New Caledonia)
  • Accipiter sp. 1 (New Ireland, Melanesia)
  • Accipiter sp. 2 (New Ireland, Melanesia) - one of the two species of New Ireland could be identical to the recent Meyer hawk ( Accipiter meyerianus ).
  • Madagascar crowned eagle Stephanoaetus mahery (Madagascar)
  • Aquila sp. 1 (Madagascar)
  • Aquila sp. 2 (Madagascar)
  • Haliaeetus sp. (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Forest Harrier ( Circus dossenus ) (Molokaʻi, Ohaʻu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Eyles-Weihe ( Circus teauteensis ) (New Zealand)
  • Aquila simurgh (Crete), sometimes considered a subspecies of the golden eagle .
  • Aquila nipaloides (Corsica and Sardinia)
  • Gyps melitensis (Malta, Mediterranean)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Accipitridae gen. Et sp. indet. (Cuba, West Indies) - formerly Aquila / Titanohierax borrasi

Falconiformes

Falconidae - (falcon-like)

• Extinct species of still existing genera
  • Falco kurochkini (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Caracara creightoni (Bahamas and Cuba, West Indies) - could with P. latebrosus be identical
  • Puerto Rican caracara ( Caracara latebrosus ) (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
  • Jamaican caracara ( Caracara tellustris ) (Jamaica, West Indies)
  • Phalcoboenus napieri (Falkland Islands)

Caprimulgiformes

Swallow-like

Aegothelidae - Cave Dwarf

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • New Zealand Cave Swallow ( Aegotheles novaezealandiae ) (New Zealand)

Caprimulgidae - night swallows or goat milkers

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Siphonorhis daiquiri (Cuba, West Indies) - According to local stories, there may still be goat milkers in Cuba.

Apodiformes

Apodidae - sailors

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Mangaia salangans ( Collocalia manuoi ) (Mangaia, Cook Islands) - probably belongs to the genus Aerodramus

Coraciiformes

Rockets and relatives

Bucerotidae - hornbills

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Aceros sp. (Lifou, Loyalty Islands)

Brachypteraciidae - Terracotta

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Ampoza Erdracke , Brachypteracias langrandi (Madagascar)

Piciformes

Woodpecker birds

Picidae - woodpeckers

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Colaptes sp. (Bermuda)

Strigiformes

Owls and barn owls

Strigidae - real owls

• † Grallistrix
  • Kauai long-legged owl ( Grallistrix auceps ) (Kauaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Long-legged owl ( Grallistrix erdmani ) (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Molokai long-legged owl ( Grallistrix geleches ) (Molokaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Oahu long-legged owl ( Grallistrix orion ) ( Oahu , Hawaii Islands)
• † Ornimegalonyx
  • Ornimegalonyx oteroi (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Ornimegalonyx minor (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Ornimegalonyx gigas (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Ornimegalonyx acevedoi (Cuba, West Indies)
• Extinct species from genera still in existence
  • Aegolius gradyi (Bermuda)
  • Athene cretensis (Crete, Mediterranean)
  • Asio priscus (San Miguel Island, Channel Islands)
  • Athene sp. (Puerto Rico, Caribbean)
  • Athene sp. (Evia, Mediterranean)
  • Ninox cf. novaeseelandiae (New Caledonia) - could be a population of the New Zealand cuckoo owl.
  • Madeira scops owl ( Otus mauli )
  • Porto Santo Scops Owl ( Otus cf. Otus mauli )
  • Azores scops owl ( Otus frutuosoi )

Tytonidae - Barn Owls

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Tyto? letocarti (New Caledonia)
  • Tyto maniola (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Tyto melitensis (Malta, Mediterranean)
  • Tyto noeli (Cuba, West Indies, Barbuda) ( Tyto neddi is a synonym)
  • Tyto cravesae (Cuba, West Indies)
  • Tyto ostologa (Hispaniola, West Indies) (could have survived into the 18th century, according to Alexander Wetmore).
  • Tyto pollens (Andros, Bahamas, Cuba, West Indies) ( Tyto riveroi is a synonym)
  • Tyto cf. novaehollandiae (Mussau, Melanesien)
  • Tyto cf. novaehollandiae (New Ireland, Melanesien)
  • Tyto sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
• Extinct subspecies of a still existing species
  • Puerto Rico barn owl ( Tyto glaucops cavatica ) (Puerto Rico, West Indies) (described as a separate species by Alexander Wetmore in 1920, today it could be an invalid taxon or a subspecies of the Hispaniola barn owl ( Tyto glaucops ))

Passeriformes

Passerines

Acanthisittidae

Maori panties

• † Pachyplichas
  • Pachyplichas yaldwyni (North Island, New Zealand)
  • Pachyplichas jagmi (South Island, New Zealand) (Could be subspecies of yaldwini )
• † Dendro scanner
  • Dendroscansor decurvirostris (South Island, New Zealand)

Mohoidae

• Prehistorically extinct species of a genus that has recently become extinct
  • Chaetoptila cf. angustipluma (O'ahu and Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • ? Chaetoptila sp. (Maui, Hawaii Islands)

Corvidae

Corvids

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Chatham raven ( Corvus moriorum ) (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific)
  • Corvus impluviatus (Oahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Maori crow or New Zealand crow ( Corvus antipodum ) (New Zealand)
  • Corvus antipodum antipodum (North Island, New Zealand)
  • Corvus antipodum pycrafti (South Island, New Zealand)
  • Corvus viriosus (Oahu and Moloka'i, Hawaii Islands)
  • Corvus sp. 1 (Pu'u Wa'awa'a, North Kona District, Hawaii, Hawaii Islands)
  • Corvus sp. 2 (Pu'u Wa'awa'a, North Kona District, Hawaii, Hawaii Islands)
  • Corvus sp. (New Ireland, Melanesia)
  • Puerto Rican crow Corvus pumilis (Puerto Rico and St. Croix, West Indies)

Sturnidae

Starlings

• † Cryptopsar
  • Mauritius star ( Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus ) (Mauritius, Mascarene Islands)
• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Huahine Star ( Aplonis diluvialis ) (Huahine, Society Islands)
  • Erromango star ( Aplonis sp.) (Erromango, Vanuatu)

Turdidae

Chokes

• † Meridiocichla
  • Meridiocichla salotti (Corsica, Crete, Sardinia)

• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Turdidae gen. Et sp. indet. ( Madeira )

Sylviidae

Warblers

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Eua Bush Warbler, Cettia sp. ('Eua, Tonga)

Zosteropidae

Spectacle birds

• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Zosteropidae gen. Et sp. indet. ( ʻEua , Tonga )

Fringillidae

Finches

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Triassic greenfinch ( Carduelis triasi ) (La Palma, Canary Islands)
  • Carduelis aurelioi (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
  • aff. Carduelis sp. (Madeira)
  • Pyrrhula crassa (Graciosa, Azores)

Clothes birds

• † Orthiospiza
  • Orthiospiza howarthi (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
• † Xestospiza
  • Xestospiza conica (Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Xestospiza fastigialis ( Oahu , Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
• † Vangulifer
  • Vangulifer mirandus (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Vangulifer neophasis (Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
• † Aidemedia
  • Aidemedia chascax ( Oahu , Hawaii Islands)
  • Aidemedia zanclops ( Oahu , Hawaii Islands)
  • Aidemedia lutetiae (Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
• prehistoric extinct species of genera that still exist or have recently become extinct
  • Telespiza persecutrix (Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Telespiza ypsilon (Maui and Molokaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Telespiza aff. ypsilon (Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Rhodacanthis forfex (Kauaʻi and Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Rhodacanthis litotes ( Oahu and Maui, Hawaii Islands)
  • Chloridops wahi ( Oahu and Maui, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Chloridops regiskongi (Oahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Hemignathus vorpalis (Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands)
  • Hemignathus upupirostris (Kauaʻi and Oʻahu, Hawaii Islands)
  • Ciridops tenax (Kauaʻi, Hawaii Islands)
  • Ciridops cf. anna (Molokaʻi subspecies of the Kohala honeycreeper , Hawaiian Islands)
  • Ciridops sp. (Oahu subspecies of the Kohala honeycreeper, Hawaiian Islands)
• Incertae sedis - Unsecured assignment
  • Drepanididae gen. Et sp. indet. (Maui, Hawaiian Islands) - at least three species
  • Drepanididae gen. Et sp. indet. (Oahu, Hawaii Islands)

Emberizidae

Bunting

• † Pedinorhis
  • Pedinorhis stirpsarcana (Puerto Rico, West Indies)
• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Emberiza alcoveri ( Tenerife , Canary Islands)
  • Caiman Brac Gimpelfink Melopyrrha latirostris ( Cayman Brac )

Icteridae

Strongholds

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Dolichonyx kruegeri ( Cuba )

Hirundinidae

Swallows

• Extinct subspecies of still existing species
  • Hirundo tahitensis ssp. nov. (Henderson Island, South Pacific)

Estrildidae

Magnificent finches

• Extinct species of a genus that still exists
  • Erythrura sp. (Rota, Mariana Islands)

See also

• List of modern extinct birds , for modern extinct birds (after 1500)
• Quaternary extinction wave

literature

• David William Steadman : Extinction and Biogeography of Tropical Pacific Birds. University of Chicago Press, 2006, ISBN 0-226-77142-3 .
• Jean Christophe Balouet, Storrs L. Olson: Fossil birds from late Quaternary deposits in New Caledonia. In: Smithsonian contributions to zoology. No. 469, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC 1989.
• SM Goodman, BD Patterson: Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar . Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington / London 1997, ISBN 1-56098-683-2 .
• Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, David Christie: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, 2007, ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2 .
• Samuel T. Turvey (Ed.): Holocene Extinctions . Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-19-953509-5 .
• Michael Walters & Julian Pender Hume: Extinct Birds . Poiser Monographes (A&C Black), 2012. ISBN 978-140-815-725-1

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Tim Flannery: We Weather Makers. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-10-021109-X .
2. ↑ Ted Oakes, Amanda Kear: People versus Monsters . vgs-Verlag, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8025-1560-9 .

Web links

• The late Quaternary extinction and future resurrection of birds on Pacific islands PDF, online ( Memento from November 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive )