List of modern extinct reptiles

Of the 11,136 known reptile species (as of December 21, 2019), the Red List of Endangered Species 2020 of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) lists the following risk levels:

Hazard level Number of reptiles ( Data Deficient - insufficient data basis) 01159 ( Least Concern - not at risk) 04795 Lower Risk: Conservation Dependent - low risk: Conservation dependent 00002 ( Near Threatened - potentially at risk) 00433 ( Vulnerable - endangered) 00535 ( Endangered - endangered) 00564 ( Critically Endangered ) 00309 ( Extinct In The Wild ) 00003 ( Extinct - extinct) 00030th Sum of the types described: 07830 thus ( Not Evaluated - not assessed) 03306 Total: 11136

Pie chart of the distribution of the hazard levels

One can see from this list that at least 30 reptile species are extinct. In addition, an unknown number of reptile taxa are considered lost or presumably extinct because at least 3306 species have not yet found an entry in the IUCN list. Of the 309 endangered reptile species, some species have probably already become extinct, so the number of extinct reptile species is much (?) Higher than the 30 species specified. Either they have not been detected for decades, or their habitat has been so badly damaged that further survival seems unlikely. The year 1500 is considered to be the key year for the IUCN, since from this point in time the discovery and settlement of the most remote corners of the earth was initiated by the Europeans and both humans and alien animal species such as cats and rats caused a mass extinction of many reptile taxa. Endemic species on remote islands in particular are affected by extinction . The correct year of extinction is usually not known, which is why different information is given in the literature, which can differ by decades. The year of extinction given in the Reptile Database or the IUCN is usually given in this list.

This list includes those reptile species and subspecies whose IUCN endangered status is and are extinct. Furthermore, because the IUCN list is incomplete, reptile species are also included which, according to other sources, have become extinct and of which at least one entry is available in the Reptile Database.

The IUCN also lists the pelomeduse turtle Pelusios seychellensis as extinct, which, according to the Reptile Database, is only a synonym for the still existing species Pelusios castaneus .

Sneaky ( Anguimorpha )

Yellow gall wasp creep ( Celestus occiduus )

Family double-tongue creeps ( Diploglossidae )

Genus Celestus

• Celestus anelpistus ( San Cristóbal ( Dominican Republic );- only one known specimen, which was collected in 1977; probably extinct)
• Yellow gall wasp creep ( Celestus occiduus ) ( Jamaica , Caribbean - last sighted 1851)

Geckos ( gekkota )

Family of double- fingered geckos ( Diplodactylidae )

Kawekaweau gecko ( Hoplodactylus delcourti )

Genus New Zealand brown geckos , gray geckos ( Hoplodactylus )

• Kawekaweau gecko ( Hoplodactylus delcourti ) ( New Zealand ; - probably extinct in the middle of the 19th century, only one known specimen copy)

Gecko family ( Gekkonidae )

Genus Lygodactylus

• Dar es Salaam dwarf gecko ( Lygodactylus inexpectatus ) ( Tanzania ; - only one specimen, the holotype , is known, which was probably collected in 1964)

Genus Nactus

• Nactus soniae ( Réunion , Indian Ocean;- was described on the basis of subfossil bones and DNA studies; it is assumed that this species survived into colonial times, i.e. became extinct after 1500)

Genus Phelsuma

• Rodrigues day gecko ( Phelsuma edwardnewtoni ) ( Rodrigues (near Mauritius ), - last sighting 1917; there are only 7 preserved specimens (no IUCN entry))
• Rodrigues giant gecko ( Phelsuma gigas ) ( Rodrigues (near Mauritius ); - last sighting in 1842 on offshore islands off Frégate )

Leaf-fingered geckos family ( Phyllodactylidae )

• Tarentola albertschwartzi (place of residence unknown;only one example known, which was issued in 1884)

Family Sphaerodactylidae

Subfamily Sphaerodactylinae

• Lepidoblepharis miyatai ( Departamento del Magdalena ( Colombia );- only seven specimens could be collected in August 1964; after that none were seen; probably extinct)

gallery

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  Rodrigues day gecko ( Phelsuma edwardnewtoni ) alcohol preparation

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  Drawing of the Rodrigues day gecko ( Phelsuma edwardnewtoni ), 1885

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  Drawing of Rodrigues day gecko ( Phelsuma edwardnewtoni )

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  Rodrigues giant gecko ( Phelsuma gigas )

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  subfossil bones of Rodrigues' giant gecko ( Phelsuma gigas )

Iguana ( Iguania )

Family chameleons ( Chamaeleonidae )

Subfamily stump tail chameleons ( Brookesiinae )

• Rhampholeon chapmanorum (Malawi Hill ( Malawi );- observed in 1998 in a forest, which now only consists of two 29 hectares of forest; therefore probably extinct)

Family Dactyloidae

Genus Anolis , Saumfingerechsen ( Anolis )

• Roosevelt's Anolis ( Anolis roosevelti , syn .: Xiphosurus roosevelti ) ( Vieques , Culebra (near Puerto Rico ), Tortola (near British Virgin Islands ), Saint John (near American Virgin Islands , Caribbean); - the last specimen was collected on Culebra in 1932)

Family iguanas ( Iguanidae )

Subfamily Teiinae

Genus whorltail iguanas ( Cyclura )

• Navassa rhinoceros iguana ( Cyclura onchiopsis ) ( Navassa ( Puerto Rico ); - last sighting 1878, listed in the Reptile Database under the not yet extinct species of rhinoceros iguana ( Cyclura cornuta ) (subspecies Cyclura cornuta onchiopsis ))

Family smooth-headed iguanas ( Leiocephalidae )

This family has become relatively new. Before 2001 it was part of the family of the keeltail iguanas (Tropiduridae) as a subfamily Leiocephalinae .

Genus smooth-headed iguanas ( Leiocephalus )

• Leiocephalus anonymous ( Haiti , Caribbean;- only known bone finds, probably survived into historical times)
• Hispaniola smooth- headed iguana ( Leiocephalus apertosulcus ) ( Dominican Republic , Caribbean; - only bone finds known, may have survived until pre-Columbian times)
• Antigua bald headed iguana ( Leiocephalus cuneus ) ( Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Guadeloupe , Eastern Caribbean; - Etheridge described this species in 1964 on the basis of bone fragments that were found and were not particularly old; it is believed that this species goes back to the Survived colonial times, i.e. died out after 1500)
• Hinche smooth- headed iguana ( Leiocephalus endomychus ) ( Antigua and Barbuda , Eastern Caribbean; - last sighting 1976)
• Navassa smooth- headed iguana ( Leiocephalus eremitus ) ( Navassa ( Puerto Rico ); - only one (female) specimen copy from 1868 is known)
• Etheridge smooth-headed iguana ( Leiocephalus etheridgei ) ( Puerto Rico ; - Pregill assigned several skeletal parts to this species in 1981; probably already extinct in the Young Pleistocene )
• Martinique smooth-headed iguana ( Leiocephalus herminieri ) ( Martinique , Caribbean; - five specimen copies are known, last collected in the 1830s)
• Jamaican smooth-headed iguana ( Leiocephalus jamaicensis ) ( Jamaica , Caribbean; - only fossils known which are not older than the Young Pleistocene )

Family Liolaemidae

• Liolaemus cranwelli ( Santa Cruz ( Bolivia );- only one specimen collected; habitat totally destroyed; probably extinct)
• Liolaemus exploratorum ( Santa Cruz ( Argentina );- only museum material known, never observed in the wild)

Family Phrynosomatidae

Subfamily Phrynosomatinae

• Subspecies of the short-horned toad lizard , dwarf short-horned toad lizard ( Phrynosoma douglasii douglasii ) ( British Columbia (Canada); Species: - two specimens of this subspecies were collected in 1898, probably seen again in 1957, then not again)

Family tropiduridae ( Tropiduridae )

• Stenocercus haenschi ( Province of Bolívar ( Ecuador );- collected only once in 1901; never seen again; probably extinct)

Lacertoidea

Family true double snakes ( Amphisbaenidae )

• Cynisca gansi (near Port Harcourt ( Nigeria );- 20 specimens were found in 1968, none since then, despite an intensive search; probably extinct)

Family of real lizards ( Lacertidae )

Subfamily Gallotiinae

Genus Canary lizards ( Gallotia )

• Gallotia auaritae ( La Palma ( Canary Islands , Atlantic);- possibly extinct 500 years ago (only subfossil bones known), but there are sightings in the north of La Palma that could indicate this species)
• Subspecies of the El Hierro giant lizard ( Gallotia simonyi simonyi ) (Roque Chico de Salmor, an offshore rocky island near El Hierro ( Canary Islands , Atlantic Ocean); Species: - Subspecies: extinct in the 1930s due to excessive scientific and commercial collections)

Subfamily Lacertinae

Ratas lizard ( Podarcis lilfordi rodriquezi )

Genus wall lizards ( Podarcis )

• Ratas lizard , subspecies of the Balearic lizard ( Podarcis lilfordi rodriquezi ) (Isla Ratas (neighboring island of Illa del Rei near Menorca , Mediterranean); species: - last sighting of the subspecies: 1950)
• Santo Stefano lizard , San Stephano ruin lizard , subspecies of the ruin lizard ( Podarcis siculus sanctistephani , Podarcis sicula sanctistephani ) ( Santo Stefano (near Ventotene , Tyrrhenian Sea); species: - last sighting of the subspecies: 1965)

Family rail lizards , Tejus ( Teiidae )

Martinique Ameive ( Pholidoscelis major )

Subfamily Teiinae

• Charrua racing lizard ( Contomastix charrua , Syn .: Cnemidophorus charrua ) ( Cabo Polonio , fishing and bathing resort in Uruguay ; - only seen there in 1977; listed in the Reptile Database under the not yet extinct species Contomastix lacertoides )
• Guadeloupe-Ameive ( Pholidoscelis cineraceus , Pholidoscelis cineracea , Syn . : Ameiva cineracea ) ( Guadeloupe ; - three specimens were collected in 1914, the population was probably wiped out in September 1928 in the Okeechobee hurricane )
• Martinique-Ameive ( Pholidoscelis major , Syn . : Ameiva major ) ( Îles de la Petite Terre ( Guadeloupe ), Caribbean (?); - two out of three specimen copies were found before 1825, possibly 1928, no sighting for over 200 years, even the place of distribution is uncertain)

Scincomorpha ( Scincoidea )

Family Schildechsen ( Gerrhosauridae )

Subfamily Gerrhosaurinae

Genus flagellated lizards ( Tetradactylus )

• Eastwood flagellated lizard ( Tetradactylus eastwoodae ) ( South Africa , Limpopo province ; - only known from two specimens collected in 1912 and 1928)

Skinke family , smooth lizards ( Scincidae )

left: Lepidodactylus listeri , middle: Emoia nativitatis , right: Cryptoblepharus egeriae

Subfamily Eugongylinae

Genus Emoia

• Emoia nativitatis ( Christmas Island , Indian Ocean;- in August 2010 the last animal was seen in the wild; on May 31, 2014 the last specimen named Gump died)

Genus Leiolopisma

• Réunion giant skink ( Leiolopisma ceciliae ) ( Réunion , Indian Ocean; - last sighting possibly 17th century; was described on the basis of subfossil bones and DNA examinations)
• Mauritius giant skink ( Leiolopisma mauritiana ) ( Mauritius , Indian Ocean; - last sighting around 1600)

Genus Oligosoma

• Northland Skink ( Oligosoma north landi ) ( Northland ( New Zealand ); - only subfossil bones found; probably in late Holocene be extinct, so about 3000 years ago)

Genus Tachygyia

• Tonga skink ( Tachygyia microlepis ) ( Tonga , South Pacific; - last sighting in the early 19th century)

Subfamily Mabuyinae

Genus Alinea

• St. Lucia Skink ( Alinea luciae ) ( St. Lucia , Caribbean; - four specimen copies from 1889 are known in museums)

Genus Capitellum

• Capitellum parvicruzae ( Saint Croix (US Virgin Islands) ;- only one known specimen, collected in 1875; probably extinct)

Genus Chioninia

• Cape Verdean giant skink ( Chioninia coctei ) ( Ilhéu Branco , Ilhéu Raso ( Cape Verde Islands ), Atlantic; - last sighting 1912)

Genus Copeoglossum

• Redonda skink ( Copeoglossum redondae ) ( Redonda (near Antigua and Barbuda ), Eastern Caribbean; - last sighting 1914)

Genus Spondylurus

• Spondylurus magnacruzae ( Green Cay and Saint Croix (US Virgin Islands) , Caribbean); - collected for the only time (on Saint Croix) in 1882; sighted againin 1964, 1987 and September 2000 on Green Cay (6 hectares ); probably extinct
• Spondylurus monitae ( Monito ( Puerto Rico , Caribbean);- seven museum specimens are known, all ofwhich were collected in1993 on Monito, a 14.7 hectare island; no further sightings since then; probably extinct)
• Spondylurus spilonotus ( Saint John , Saint Thomas ( US Virgin Islands , Caribbean);- six specimens were collected between 1799 and 1877; never seen since; probably extinct)

Subfamily Scincinae

Genus Flexiseps

• Flexiseps valhallae ( Glorioso Islands , French Overseas Territories ;- only three specimens could be collected, the last one in 1906)

Genus Gongylomorphus

• Subspecies of Bojers Skink ( Gongylomorphus bojerii borbonica ( Réunion , Indian Ocean); Species: - last sighting of the subspecies 1839)

Genus Scelotes

• Scelotes guentheri (South Africa;- a single specimen wasfoundnear Durban in 1886anddescribedby Boulenger in1887, no specimen has been seen since)

gallery

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  Cape Verdean giant skink ( Chioninia coctei )

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  Preparation of a Cape Verdean giant skink ( Chioninia coctei )

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  Model of Leiolopisma mauritiana

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  Bones of Leiolopisma mauritiana

Subordination snakes ( Serpentes )

Mauritius boa ( Bolyeria multocarinata )

Family bolyeriidae ( Bolyeriidae )

Genus Bolyeria

• Mauritius boa ( Bolyeria multocarinata ) ( Round Island near Madagascar ; - last sighting 1975)

Erdboas family ( Tropidophiidae )

Genus Erdboas ( Tropidophis )

• Navassa dwarf boa ( Tropidophis bucculentus , Syn . : Tropidophis melanurus bucculentus ) ( Navassa ( Puerto Rico ), Caribbean; - last sighting over 100 years ago)

Superfamily adder-like and viper-like ( Colubroidea )

Adder family ( Colubridae )

Subfamily real snakes ( Colubrinae )

• Prakkes reed snake ( Calamaria prakkei ) (Sandakan Bay in Sabah ( Malaysia ); - caught once in the 19th century, never again afterwards; probably extinct)

Genus Ornamental Tree Snakes ( Chrysopelea )

• Sangihe tree snake ( Chrysopelea rhodopleuron viridis , subspecies of Chrysopelea rhodopleuron ) ( Sangihe Islands ( Indonesia ); Species: - only one specimen was examined, which was destroyed in World War II; status unknown)

Subfamily Dipsadinae

Genus Borikenophis

• Saint Croix slender snake , Saint Croix whip snake ( Borikenophis sanctaecrucis , Syn . : Alsophis sanctaecrucis ) (Saint Croix ( US Virgin Islands ), Caribbean; - last sighting in the 19th century)

Genus Mussuranas ( Clelia )

• Underwoods Mussurana ( Clelia errabunda ) ( St. Lucia , Caribbean; - last sighting mid 19th century)

Genus False Coral Snakes ( Erythrolamprus )

• Erythrolamprus perfuscus ( Syn . : Liophis perfuscus ) ( Barbados , Caribbean;- last sighting 1963)

Genus Farancia

• Southern Florida rainbow snake , subspecies of the rainbow mud snake , rainbow snake ( Farancia erytrogramma seminola ) (southern Florida ( USA ); Species: - subspecies: only 3 specimens known, which were collected between 1949 and 1952)

Genus Hypsirhynchus

• Jamaican snake , black snake ( Hypsirhynchus ater , Syn . : Alsophis ater ) ( Jamaica , Caribbean; - last sighting in the 1940s)
• Hispaniola whip snake ( Hypsirhynchus melanichnus , syn .: Alsophis melanichnus ) (near Jérémie (on Hispaniola , Caribbean); - only two specimens known, which were collected in 1862 and 1910)

Genus Omoadiphas

• Omoadiphas cannula (Sierra de Agalta ( Departamento Olancho , Honduras );- two specimens were collected in the Sierra de Agalta in 1989; never found again; probably extinct)

Genus Trimetopon

• Trimetopon viquezi ( Costa Rica ;- a single specimen was found in 1927, never seen since; probably extinct)

Family Lamprophiidae

Subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae

• Pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis ( Madagascar ;- only one specimen could be found 130 years ago, not since then; probably extinct)

Superfamily blind snakes ( Typhlopoidea )

Family blind snakes ( Typhlopidae )

Subfamily Asiatyphlopinae

• Anilios batillus ( Wagga Wagga ( New South Wales , Australia );- one specimen was collected in the 19th century, never again since)

Subfamily Madatyphlopinae

• Mauritius worm snake ( Madatyphlops cariei ( Syn . : Typhlops cariei )) ( Mauritius ; - last sighting in the 17th century)

Subfamily Typhlopinae

• Typhlops sulcatus ( Isla Alto Velo , Île de la Gonâve , Ile Grande Cayemite (near Hispaniola , Caribbean);- possibly extinct in 1800 or 1905)

Turtles ( Testudinata )

Suborder Halsberger tortoises ( Cryptodira )

Superfamily Mud Turtles and Tabasco Turtles ( Kinosternoidea )

Mud turtle family ( Kinosternidae )

Subfamily real mud turtles ( Kinosterninae )

Kinosternon genus

• Viesca folding turtle , subspecies of the rough-footed folding turtle ( Kinosternon hirtipes megacephalum ) (near Viesca ( SW of Coahuila ( Mexico )); Species: - last sighting of the subspecies: approx. 1966)

Superfamily softshell turtle relatives ( Pelomedusoidea )

Family softshell turtles ( Trionychidae )

Subfamily common softshell turtles ( Trionychinae )

Superfamily terrapins and tortoises ( Testudinoidea )

Lonesome George , the last pinta giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis abingdonii )

Tortoise family ( Testudinidae )

Subfamily Testudininae

Genus Seychelles giant tortoises ( Aldabrachelys )

• Subspecies of the Aldabra giant tortoise ( Aldabrachelys gigantea daudinii ) ( Seychelles , Indian Ocean; - last sighting around 1850)

Genus Chelonoidis

• Pinta giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis abingdonii , Chelonoidis abingdoni , Syn . : Chelonoidis nigra abingdoni ) ( Pinta ( Galapagos Islands ); - on June 24, 2012 the last specimen named Lonesome George died in the wild earlier; there are turtles with 50% abingdonii -Gen share in the north of the Galapagos island Isabela )
• Floreana giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis niger , Syn . : Chelonoidis nigra , Chelonoidis nigra nigra ) ( Floreana ( Galapagos Islands ); Species: - last sighting 1846)
• Rabida giant tortoise ( Chelonoidis nigra wallacei ) ( Rábida ( Galapagos Islands ); species: - last sighting around 1906)
• Santa Fe giant tortoise ( Geochelone nigra ) ( Santa Fe ( Galapagos Islands ); species: - last sighting around 1890; listed on the reptile database under the not yet extinct species Chelonoidis niger (also Chelonoidis nigra ))

Genus † Cylindraspis

When the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean were discovered by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas in 1512 , there were thousands of turtles of this genus Cylindraspis on each of the three islands of Mauritius , Réunion and Rodrigues . Not even 290 years later, almost all of them were exterminated, also because of introduced rats and predators.

• Réunion giant tortoise ( Cylindraspis indica ) ( Réunion ; - last sighting around 1840)
• Mauritius saddleback giant tortoise ( Cylindraspis inepta ) ( Mauritius ; - last sighting in the early 18th century)
• Rodrigues giant tortoise ( Cylindraspis peltastes ) ( Rodrigues ; - last sighting around 1800)
• Mauritius giant tortoise ( Cylindraspis triserrata ) ( Mauritius ; - last sighting in the early 18th century)
• Rodrigues saddleback giant tortoise ( Cylindraspis vosmaeri ) ( Rodrigues ; - last sighting around 1800)

gallery

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  Cylindraspis indica , 1792

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  Head drawing from Cylindraspis indica , 1737

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  Skull of Cylindraspis inepta

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  Cylindraspis peltastes , 1770

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  Skull of Cylindraspis triserrata

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  Cylindraspis vosmaeri , 1792

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  Skull of three species of Cylindraspis

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  Cylindraspis vosmaeri , 1893

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  Drawing of a herd of Cylindraspis vosmaeri on Rodrigues

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  Drawing from 1601 with two Mauritius species on the left

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  Dutch sailors riding a Mauritius giant tortoise ( Cylindraspis triserrata ), 1598

See also

• List of extinct animals and plants
• List of recently extinct amphibians
• List of the recently extinct fish
• List of recently extinct insects
• List of modern extinct mammals
• List of animals that have recently become extinct
• List of the modern extinct birds
• List of the recently extinct molluscs
• Lazarus effect , for rediscovered reptile species
• Systematics of the dinosaurs ( all extinct )
• Systematics of the pterosaurs ( all extinct )

Web links

• artensterben.de - extinct reptiles
• IUCN - Red List 2020-1, new version
• Reptile Database
• The Sixth Extinction: Globally Extinct Reptiles

swell

1. ↑ As of March 23, 2020. Source: The Reptile Database. .
2. ^ Reptile Database - Homepage
3. ↑ artensterben.de - List of extinct reptiles of modern times
4. ^ ^{A b} The Sixth Extinction - Globally Extinct Reptiles
5. ↑ Pelusios seychellensis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
6. ^ The Reptile Database - Pelusios castaneus
7. ↑ Reptile Database - Celestus anelpistus
8. ↑ Celestus anelpistus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
9. ↑ Reptile Database - Celestus occiduus
10. ↑ Celestus occiduus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
11. ↑ artensterben.de - Celestus occiduus
12. ^ The Reptile Database - Hoplodactylus delcourti
13. ↑ Hoplodactylus delcourti in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
14. ^ The Reptile Database - Lygodactylus inexpectatus
15. ↑ Lygodactylus inexpectatus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
16. ↑ Reptile Database - Nactus soniae
17. ^ The Reptile Database - Phelsuma edwardnewtoni
18. ^ The Reptile Database - Phelsuma gigas
19. ↑ Phelsuma gigas in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
20. ^ The Reptile Database - Tarentola albertschwartzi
21. ↑ Tarentola albertschwartzi in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
22. ↑ Reptile Database - Lepidoblepharis miyatai
23. ↑ Lepidoblepharis miyatai in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
24. ^ The Reptile Database - Rhampholeon chapmanorum
25. ↑ Rhampholeon chapmanorum in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
26. ^ The Reptile Database - Anolis roosevelti
27. ↑ Anolis roosevelti in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
28. ↑ The Reptile Database - Cyclura cornuta = Cyclura onchiopsis
29. ↑ Cyclura onchiopsis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
30. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus anonymous
31. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus apertosulcus
32. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus cuneus
33. ↑ Leiocephalus cuneus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
34. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus endomychus
35. ↑ Leiocephalus endomychus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
36. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus eremitus
37. ↑ Leiocephalus eremitus in the endangered Red List species the IUCN .
38. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus etheridgei
39. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus herminieri
40. ↑ Leiocephalus herminieri in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
41. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiocephalus jamaicensis
42. ^ The Reptile Database - Liolaemus cranwelli
43. ↑ Liolaemus cranwelli in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
44. ^ The Reptile Database - Liolaemus exploratorum
45. ↑ Liolaemus exploratorum in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
46. ^ The Reptile Database - Phrynosoma douglasii
47. ^ Phrynosoma douglasii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
48. ^ A noteworthy record of the Pigmy Short-Horned Lizard ( Phrynosoma douglasii ) for British Columbia
49. ↑ The Reptile Database - Stenocercus haenschi
50. ↑ Stenocercus haenschi in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
51. ↑ Reptile Database - Cynisca gansi
52. ↑ Cynisca gansi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
53. ^ The Reptile Database - Gallotia auaritae
54. ↑ Gallotia auaritae in the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN .
55. ^ The Reptile Database - Gallotia simonyi
56. ^ Gallotia simonyi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
57. ^ The Reptile Database - Podarcis lilfordi
58. ↑ Podarcis lilfordi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
59. ↑ Remarks on ratas island lizard (L. Muller, 1927), to extinct subspecies of the Balearic lizard
60. ^ The Reptile Database - Podarcis siculus
61. ↑ Podarcis siculus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
62. ↑ Naturalist - Podarcis sicula sanctistephani
63. ↑ lacerta.de - Podarcis sicula sanctistephani
64. ↑ Reptile Database - Contomastix lacertoides = Contomastix charrua
65. ↑ Contomastix charrua in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
66. ^ The Reptile Database - Pholidoscelis cineraceus
67. ↑ Pholidoscelis cineraceus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
68. ↑ artensterben.de - Pholidoscelis cineraceus
69. ^ The Reptile Database - Pholidoscelis major
70. ↑ Pholidoscelis major in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
71. ↑ artensterben.de - Pholidoscelis major
72. ↑ Reptile Database - Tetradactylus eastwoodae
73. ↑ Tetradactylus eastwoodae in the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN .
74. ↑ John Woinarski, Don Driscoll and Hal Cogger, "Vale 'Gump', the last known Christmas Island Skink Forest" , The Conversation , August 7, 2014. Accessed October 10, 2018th
75. ^ The Reptile Database - Emoia nativitatis
76. ^ Emoia nativitatis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
77. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiolopisma ceciliae
78. ^ The Reptile Database - Leiolopisma mauritiana
79. ↑ Leiolopisma mauritiana in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
80. ^ The Reptile Database - Oligosoma northlandi
81. ↑ Reptile Database - Tachygyia microlepis
82. ↑ Tachygyia microlepis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN .
83. ^ The Reptile Database - Alinea luciae
84. ↑ Alinea luciae in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
85. ^ The Reptile Database - Capitellum parvicruzae
86. ↑ Capitellum parvicruzae in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
87. ^ The Reptile Database - Chioninia coctei
88. ↑ Chioninia coctei in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
89. ↑ Reptile Database - Copeoglossum redondae
90. ↑ Copeoglossum redondae in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
91. ↑ The Reptile Database - Spondylurus magnacruzae
92. ↑ Spondylurus magnacruzae in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
93. ^ The Reptile Database - Spondylurus monitae
94. ↑ Spondylurus monitae in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
95. ^ The Reptile Database - Spondylurus spilonotus
96. ↑ Spondylurus spilonotus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
97. ↑ Reptile Database - Flexiseps valhallae
98. ^ The Reptile Database - Gongylomorphus bojerii
99. ↑ Gongylomorphus bojerii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
100. ↑ Reptile Database - Scelotes guentheri
101. ↑ Scelotes guentheri in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
102. ^ The Reptile Database - Bolyeria multocarinata
103. ↑ Bolyeria multocarinata in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
104. ^ The Reptile Database - Tropidophis bucculentus
105. ↑ ITIS Report - Tropidophis bucculentus
106. ^ The Reptile Database - Calamaria prakkei
107. ↑ Calamaria prakkei in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
108. ^ The Reptile Database - Chrysopelea rhodopleuron
109. ↑ The Reptile Database - Borikenophis sanctaecrucis
110. ↑ Borikenophis sanctaecrucis in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
111. ^ The Reptile Database - Clelia errabunda
112. ↑ Clelia errabunda in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
113. ^ The Reptile Database - Erythrolamprus perfuscus
114. ↑ Erythrolamprus perfuscus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
115. ^ The Reptile Database - Farancia erytrogramma
116. ↑ Farancia erytrogramma in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
117. ↑ The Reptile Database - Hypsirhynchus ater = Alsophis ater
118. ↑ Hypsirhynchus ater in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
119. ↑ Reptile Database - Hypsirhynchus melanichnus
120. ↑ Hypsirhynchus melanichnus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
121. ↑ Reptile Database - Omoadiphas cannula
122. ↑ Omoadiphas cannula in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
123. ↑ Reptile Database - Trimetopon viquezi
124. ↑ Trimetopon viquezi in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
125. ↑ The Reptile Database - Pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis
126. ↑ Pseudoxyrhopus ankafinaensis in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
127. ^ The Reptile Database - Anilios batillus
128. ↑ Anilios batillus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
129. ↑ Reptile Database - Madatyphlops cariei
130. ^ Typhlops cariei in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
131. ↑ artensterben.de - Typhlops sulcatus
132. ↑ ^{a b} The Reptile Database - Typhlops sulcatus
133. ^ Typhlops sulcatus in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
134. ^ The Reptile Database - Kinosternon hirtipes
135. ↑ Kinosternon hirtipes in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
136. ^ The Reptile Database - Aldabrachelys gigantea
137. ↑ The Reptile Database - Chelonoidis abingdonii
138. ↑ Chelonoidis abingdonii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
139. ↑ The Reptile Database - Chelonoidis niger
140. ↑ Chelonoidis niger on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
141. ↑ artensterben.de - Chelonoidis nigra wallacei
142. ↑ artensterben.de - Geochelone nigra ssp.
143. ↑ Cylindraspis indica in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
144. ↑ Cylindraspis inepta in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
145. ↑ Cylindraspis peltastes in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
146. ↑ Cylindraspis triserrata in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
147. ↑ Cylindraspis vosmaeri in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .