Ventotene

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Ventotene
coat of arms
Ventotene (Italy)
Ventotene
Country Italy
region Lazio
province Latina  (LT)
Coordinates 40 ° 48 '  N , 13 ° 26'  E Coordinates: 40 ° 48 '0 "  N , 13 ° 26' 0"  E
height 18  m slm
surface 1.54 km²
Residents 748 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 486 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 04020
prefix 0771
ISTAT number 059033
Popular name Ventotenesi
Patron saint Santa Candida
Website Ventotene
Ventotene
Ventotene
Santo Stefano as seen from Ventotene

Ventotene is one of the Pontine Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea with 748 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It belongs to the province of Latina in the Italian region of Lazio . Its ancient name was Pandataria or Pandateria .

geography

Map: Ventotene (right)

The island has an area of ​​approximately 154 hectares and is of volcanic origin. The small offshore, now uninhabited island of Santo Stefano , which was the seat of a notorious state prison until the 1960s , also belongs to the political community of Ventotene .

The municipality of Ventotene, including the water areas, has been a nature reserve since 1997.

history

The island often served as a place of exile under the Roman emperors , especially for female family members such as Julia , daughter of the emperor Augustus (2 BC), Agrippina (29 AD), granddaughter of the emperor, and Octavia . The wife of Flavius ​​Clemens , Domitilla , is said to have been banished to Pandataria and tortured to death there.

After antiquity, the island was not settled again until the reign of the Bourbons in Naples .

Ventotene was one of those islands (see also Lipari , Tremiti , Ponza ) that the fascist regime had chosen as a place of exile for political opponents ( confino ). The Ventotene colony opened in 1926 and closed in 1939 after admitting thousands of anti-fascists. In 1940 an internment camp ( campo di concentramento ) was established there. The first internees were former confinati whose status had simply been changed by the authorities in order to be able to detain them as internees on the island and not have to release them. The winter of 1941/42 hit the inmates particularly hard; they were cold and hungry. In June 1943 there were 640 "confinati" and 230 internees in Ventotene. In August 1943 all internees were transferred or released. Prominent internees in Ventotene include leading socialists , communists, and other anti-fascists such as Sandro Pertini , Francesco Fancello, Altiero Spinelli , Pietro Secchia, Mauro Scoccimarro , Alberto Jacometti, and Mario Maovaz. Altiero Spinelli was later buried on Ventotene.

The island became known through Ventotene's 1941 manifesto “For a Free and United Europe”. In the tradition of this manifesto, the International Ventotene Seminar of Young European Federalists Italy takes place annually on the island.

Tourism has been developing since the 1960s and is now the island's main source of income. The Italian state has awarded the island of Ventotene the European Heritage Label .

On August 22, 2016, Giuseppe Garibaldi Matteo Renzi , François Hollande and Angela Merkel met on board the aircraft carrier for consultations in the run-up to the EU summit in Bratislava in front of Ventotene.

Population development

year 1871 1901 1921 1951 1971 1991 2001 2016
Residents 2,049 1,986 1,302 1,270 508 671 633 751

Source: ISTAT

Attractions

One of the sights of the island is the church of Santa Candida , built under the Bourbons . Santa Candida was a virgin and martyr in Carthage under Maximian and is the declared patron saint of Ventotene. A pilgrimage will be held in her honor on September 20th, during which her statue will be carried from the church to the port and then returned to the church. The Bourbons also had the castle, which is now used as the mayor's office, built. There are also the remains of the ancient Villa di Giulia and the surrounding diving areas . The Romans also left a fish farm on land.

traffic

There is a daily ferry connection with Formia . In the summer months, ferries from Naples , Terracina and Ponza also head for the island.

literature

Fiction:

Non-fiction books:

  • Alberto Jacometti: Ventotene . (Italian). Mondadori, Milan 1946, OBV .
  • Fabrizia Ramondino , Maja Pflug ( transl. ): L'isola riflessa. In the mirror of an island . (German). Arche, Zurich (among others) 1999, ISBN 3-7160-2259-4 .
  • Monika Mokre: An experiment across islands: Ventotene and Lampedusa . In: Gertrude Moser-Wagner (Ed.): Zugunruhe . Sonderzahl-Verlagsgesellschaft, Vienna 2010, ISBN 978-3-85449-342-6 , pp. 41-48.

Web links

Commons : Ventotene  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Carlo Spartaco Capogreco: I Campi del duce. L'internamento civile nell'Italia fascista (1940-1943) . (Italian). Einaudi, Torino 2004, ISBN 88-06-16781-2 , pp. 203-204.