Diving area

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Scuba divers in the Blue Corner on Palau , named the world's most beautiful diving area by Forbes Traveler in 2007 . In the foreground a sapling soft coral .
Satellite photo of the Great Blue Hole and Lighthouse Reef , voted # 2 in the world's most beautiful diving spots by Forbes Traveler in 2007 .
Coron Island Cove in the Philippines , voted No. 3 in the world's most beautiful dive sites by Forbes Traveler in 2007 .

In tourism, a diving area is usually not a precisely delimited area in a body of water which is suitable for recreational diving due to natural or man-made factors .

Similar, but not entirely synonymous, tourist terms are diving spot , diving site and, more rarely, diving area .

Designation of diving areas

The designation of diving areas is often identical to the designation of a geographical location - for example an island, a bay, a cave, a national park, a beach - non-geographical designations are also used, for example after, especially for diving spots remote from the coast the ship's name of a wreck (Salem Express) , according to special conditions of the terrain, water or light (Blue Hole) or after a numerous species (Shark Point) .

Factors of the attractiveness of tourist diving areas

The suitability of an area for diving depends on the skills and interests of the diver. Areas that the layman does not associate with diving can be very attractive, especially for advanced divers who undertake more demanding dives. For less experienced divers, the climate and time of year play an important role. Therefore, a well-known diving area is not always suitable for every diver. Some diving areas are particularly suitable for snorkeling , others for underwater photography or wreck diving . In various different top ten lists , an attempt is made to evaluate the best diving areas for special requirements.

In tourism marketing and in travel guides , countries or coastal regions are often advertised as good diving areas. Most of the time this information is aimed at vacationers or rather inexperienced divers. The diving areas advertised in this way do not necessarily have conditions suitable for beginners all year round.

The following points can determine whether a region or location is suitable as a diving area:

Global leaderboards of tourist diving areas

Coral reefs in the world, all of which are interesting for divers.

In 2007, a group of diving experts organized by Forbes Traveler selected the following areas as one of the ten best diving areas in the world:

  1. Blue Corner on Palau , an island nation in the Pacific
  2. Great Blue Hole and Lighthouse Reef (part of the Belize Barrier Reef ) in Belize
  3. Coron in the Philippines
  4. Bonaire in the Netherlands Antilles
  5. Southern Red Sea in Sudan
  6. Cocos Island in Costa Rica
  7. Great Barrier Reef in Australia
  8. Provo in the Turks and Caicos Islands
  9. Bali in Indonesia
  10. Dinah's Beach in Papua New Guinea

The Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) also conducts global rankings for diving areas.

criticism

If several dive boats visit the same dive spot in a coral reef every day , this can expose the underwater world to constant stress. The ships can have a fish selling organization sound cause, with their anchors the coral damage and the crews dump often - sometimes toxic - waste (such as cleaning agents and lubricants or engine substances ) into the sea. Since a scuba diver is perceived as a threat by most aquatic animals, large groups of divers occurring on a daily basis can lead some species to move to other, undisturbed habitats. With inadequate buoyancy control , inexperienced or careless divers can damage the corals directly by chipping off parts of them, or throwing up the subsurface, which can cause shadowing and death of the coral sticks. If underwater creatures are regularly fed by the crew of a liveaboard, this can lead to diseases of the animals. All these stress factors, increased by liveaboards, have exacerbated the already fragile state in many reefs , which is caused by global warming and the associated acidification of the oceans . In 2011, the Thai environmental authorities banned diving at several popular liveaboard destinations to allow reef recreation. Furthermore, strict limits of 4,000 to 6,000 dives per year per dive spot were set in the 1990s in order to protect the corals and rare fish species.

Diving areas by continents

Liveaboard boat on the Red Sea.

Basically there are good diving spots in almost every larger body of water and on every coast. Not all dive areas are suitable for leisure or inexperienced divers. In certain places or regions, infrastructures for recreational divers such as diving resorts , diving schools , diving boats or filling stations are increasing. Therefore, in the following only places and regions should be named where there is an accumulation of the infrastructure for scuba divers, where internationally well-known diving sites can be found or regions that have become known as diving areas:

Africa and Arabian Peninsula

Southern Africa

The most famous diving areas in southern Africa are around Cape Town and Sodwana Bay . The former is best known for wra diving . Other destinations for scuba divers are: Plettenberg Bay , Mossel Bay and the area around Inhambane in Mozambique

East Africa

There are many well-known dive sites around Mauritius , Réunion , the Seychelles and Zanzibar in the Indian Ocean . Other well-known diving areas are near Nacala (Mozambique) and in the Diani Chale marine reserve in Kenya .

Part of the wreck of the Thistlegorm at the bottom of the Red Sea.

Egypt and Israel

One of the most visited diving areas in the world is the Red Sea . Because of the great biodiversity and the warm, clear water, numerous liveaboard boats set off from Eilat , Dahab and Sharm El-Sheikh into the Gulf of Aqaba . Many divers have learned to dive in the diving schools there. Large places with numerous diving centers are Hurghada , Marsa Alam as well as Alexandria and Tel Aviv on the Mediterranean .

Arabian Peninsula

In the Persian Gulf there are numerous dive sites with great biodiversity. Well-known among divers are Dubai , Doha , Al-Jubail , Al-Kuwait and Abu Dhabi . On the Gulf of Oman , Fujairah and Muscat are places where many large fish from the Indian Ocean can be found underwater .

North africa

On the Tunisian coast there are highly frequented diving spots in the Gulf of Hammamet and on the island of Djerba .

West Africa

The Canary Islands , located in the Atlantic Ocean off Africa , are known for their varied dive sites.

Asia

Giant manta ray off the coast of Hin Daeng in Thailand

Indochina

Off the coast of Thailand are some of the most popular diving areas in Asia. The island of Phuket , the region around Khao Lak and the islands of Ko Samui , Koh Tao , Mu Ko Similan and Koh Chang are visited by thousands of divers every year. Sipadan , Redang and the Perhentian Islands are the most famous diving destinations in Malaysia . Less frequented but just as well known are the dive sites near Sihanoukville , Nha Trang or Đà Nẵng in Vietnam .

Pacific

There are some well-known diving areas off Hengchun ( Taiwan ) and the Japanese island of Okinawa . Panglao , Negros , Mindoro , Boracay and Busuanga , which belong to the Philippines , are also known for their excellent diving conditions .

Indonesia and East Timor

The lush reefs off Bunaken , Gangga, Sangihe , Togian , Wakatobi , Bali , the Sunda Islands and Kalimantan are visited by many divers every year. Dili in East Timor is likely to be the only state capital worldwide that has coral reefs near the city center.

Australia and South Sea Islands

Woman diver over a giant clam in the Great Barrier Reef.

Australia

Along the well 2300 km long Great Barrier Reef is Australia find the best dive sites. To see the unique fauna and flora of the Great Barrier Reef, the greatest number of divers in Cairns board a dive boat. The Ningaloo Reef and the wreck dive sites around the Tasmanian island of King Island are other great diving destinations in Australia. There are also numerous diving schools in Perth , Adelaide , Melbourne , Sydney , Brisbane , Sunshine Coast , Gold Coast , Townsville and Port Douglas .

New Zealand

The Poor Knights Islands are considered to be the best diving area in New Zealand . In addition to underwater caves and spectacular rock formations, thousands of stingrays mating there every year . There are also dive sites with great biodiversity in the Bay of Islands , in the Hauraki Gulf , in the Bay of Plenty , around the Kaikoura Peninsula and Banks Peninsula . The Marlborough Sounds offer good wreck diving spots . The Rainbow Warrior , the former ship of the environmental protection organization Greenpeace , which was sunk on July 10, 1985 by the French secret service in Auckland Bay , was sunk in Matauri Bay on the Cavalli Islands on December 2, 1987 after the investigation was completed . The wreck, which has been a popular diving destination for years, was named one of the top 10 diving spots in the world by Lonely Planet in 2013.

Fiji

Most diving centers are grouped around and in the tourism center of Nadi . Almost every one of the smaller islands surrounding the main island of Viti Levu has at least one dive center . On Vanua Levu , Savusavu and the north of Taveuni are popular with scuba divers. There are other diving areas on Kadavu ( Great Astrolabe Reef ), the Yasawa Islands and the Mamanuca Islands , e.g. B. on mana .

Cook Islands

Most of the dive centers from the Cook Islands are located on Rarotonga . Aitutaki is another popular line for divers.

French Polynesia

The most famous dive sites of French Polynesia are in the reef of Bora Bora . There are also good diving areas around Moorea , in northeast Tahiti , around Avatoru and Rotoava .

Vanuatu

The best diving area in Vanuatu is definitely Mele Bay near Port Vila . There are also well-known diving centers around Luganville .

Micronesia

Guam offers good conditions for divers around Tamuning . There are some diving centers on Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands .

Palau

The Chelbacheb Islands, known as the Rock Islands, with Blue Corner , the Blue Holes and the German Channel are also named as one of the best diving areas in the world on Palau .

Juan Fernández Islands and Easter Island

The Juan Fernández Islands , which belong to Chile but are located far away in the Pacific, and Easter Island are also considered good diving areas . Despite very clear water and strong currents, flora and fauna are barren.

Europe and Mediterranean islands

North Sea

There are good places to dive a shipwreck on the German North Sea shore near Cuxhaven , Wilhelmshaven , Bremerhaven , Helgoland or Borkum . In the Netherlands there are many well-known dive sites , especially in Zeeland (such as the Grevelingen ). On the Norwegian coast the water is cold but also very clear and numerous wrecks make diving attractive. Spectacular cold water dives can be made in the crystal clear water of the Silfra Fissure , near Iceland's capital Reykjavík .

Great Britain and Ireland

In Great Britain , the Isles of Scilly are considered to be the best diving area. There are over 800 wrecks - from more than a thousand years of history - on the ocean floor. On the west coast of Ireland there are unusually warm water and large kelp forests and many large Atlantic fish because of the Gulf Stream . The diving grounds of the Isle of Man offer a great diversity of species and are among the best diving spots in Europe.

Iberian Peninsula

The Spanish Mediterranean coast is about 4,000 km long; there are the most popular diving areas, the coral reefs off the Costa Brava . The island group of Illes Medes and the Balearic Islands are particularly preferred . In Portugal , the most beautiful diving areas are not on the mainland, but around the Atlantic archipelago of Madeira . The underwater national park Garajau Natural Marine Park near Caniço deserves special mention. The Azores archipelago is well known and suitable for diving ; A highlight is the 70 km before Pico located shoal Banco Princesa Alice . But there is also a popular diving area between Lagos and Cabo de São Vicente in the Algarve . The diving areas on the Spanish Atlantic coast are in the north of the country, in front of Santander , La Coruña and San Sebastián , but with their cold water they only attract a few international diving tourists. In the south, on the Costa de la Luz , there is hardly any diving due to the strong currents and the proximity of the Mediterranean diving areas.

Divers in front of the Îles Lavezzi archipelago near the island of Corsica

Mediterranean Sea

The island of Gozo , which belongs to the Republic of Malta , is considered one of the best diving areas in the Mediterranean . The most famous diving areas in Italy are mainly to be found in the south of the country and around some Mediterranean islands. These include the islands of Ustica - known for corals - and Lipari , as well as Sardinia ; Here are Cagliari and Alghero highlight where the biggest underwater caves of the Mediterranean lie with the "Neptune Caves". The Punta Campanella underwater reserve is located near the Sardinian Sorrento Peninsula . The Isole Tremiti archipelago is known as a diving area on the Italian Adriatic Sea . There are numerous good diving spots and the associated infrastructure on the Spanish island of Mallorca . In Greece , numerous diving schools have been set up in Athens , Thessaloniki , Nafplio and on Corfu in recent years . The Greek island of Chios is very famous for diving . There is diving tourism on the north coast of Crete and at Karavos . The wreck of the Zenobia off Cyprus is one of the best diving spots in Europe. There are other diving centers around Kyrenia (Girne). There are also good opportunities for diving on the Turkish side of the Aegean Sea .

Divers in Neufelder See (Austria) prepare to dive.

Inland waters

You can dive in many lakes in Central Europe . Usually the dives are rather demanding and because of the often low temperatures, even in summer, you need equipment suitable for cold water. There are numerous spectacular walls and unique rock formations, smaller wrecks and a rich fresh water - Fauna and - Flora admire. The most famous freshwater wreck is certainly the Jura in Lake Constance . The Lake Geneva , Attersee , Wolfgangsee , Lake Como or Lake Lucerne offer many opportunities for divers. In the rivers Verzasca and Maggia demanding can drift dives are made. There are crystal clear mountain lakes in the Alps. The best known diving is certainly the Lai da Marmorera reservoir , where you can visit an entire flooded village. Many divers also go to the Fernsteinsee or the Samarangersee .

Central America and the Caribbean

Caribbean

Cuba , the Dominican Republic , the Bahamas and the Lesser Antilles offer great biodiversity and tropical warm water for divers. A lush underwater world stretches around the volcanic islands of Sint Maarten and Saba and St. Eustatius , with many corals, fish and unique solidified lava flows. In addition to coral gardens, there are also many large Atlantic fish to be seen off Tobago . The large marine nature reserves and around the three islands of Aruba , Bonaire and Curaçao attract many divers every year. The reefs of Isla de la Juventud and Cayo Largo are considered to be the best diving areas in Cuba. There are good but not very spectacular dive sites along the eastern coast of the Dominican Republic and especially on the Samaná Peninsula . The Bahamas are known for shark feeding, scuba diving with dolphins, and similar man-made diving attractions.

Cave divers near Tulum in Mexico.

Mexico

In Mexico there are well-known diving areas both on the Pacific and the Atlantic coast, there especially on the Yucatán peninsula . The most popular diving areas include Los Cabos on the Pacific coast, with wrecks and underwater caves, Puerto Vallarta on the Pacific coast, with a protected reef south of the city, off Mazatlán and the island of Cozumel off Yucatán.

Honduras and Costa Rica

The Caribbean islands of Roatán , Guanaja and Utila are the most famous dive sites in Honduras . In the Belize Barrier Reef , the second largest coral reef in the world, there are various types of coral and large fish stocks to visit spectacular canyons. The Pacific Isla del Coco , part of Costa Rica, offers experienced divers a very varied underwater volcanic world. Despite the great diversity of species, there are no corals there because of the cool Humboldt Current.

North America and Hawaii

Scuba diver in a kelp forest off the coast of California

West Coast

In Alaska , you can do cold water dives from Kodiak Island , Anchorage , Sitka , Juneau, or Ketchikan . Some of Canada's best dive sites are located off the city of Campbell River on Vancouver Island . There is still a lot of diving in Monterey Bay , where they dived years ago because of the sardine fishery. In Monterey you can see a lot of kelp, big fish and crabs , not infrequently also marine mammals , otters , seals and elephant seals underwater. The Channel Islands National Park off Santa Barbara and around Santa Catalina Island off Los Angeles offer unique cold water flora and fauna . The most famous diving destination on the west coast of the USA is certainly San Diego . There are numerous diving centers and the state-protected San Diego-La Jolla Underwater Park on the La Jolla Shores .

East coast

In front of Morehead City ( North Carolina ) there is the so-called "Graveyard of the Atlantic", where sunken freighters and submarines of the " Company Paukenschlag " can be immersed.

Florida

The Crystal River is known for diving in the crystal clear river water together with manatees . The Gennie Springs are located near High Springs (Florida) . These springs are considered to be one of the best freshwater cave dive sites in the United States. There are countless opportunities for interesting diving in the Florida Keys . These include Davis Reef , a good six kilometers from Plantation Key on Islamorada, or the wreck of the USS Spiegel Grove (LSD-32) , which you can dive from Key Largo . There are also numerous diving schools in Pensacola , St. Petersburg , Cape Coral , West Palm Beach , Fort Lauderdale and Miami .

Inland waters

In all of the five Great Lakes , which are located in the north-east of the USA and in the south-east of Canada , there are numerous wrecks from different epochs that are very useful. In the Lake Mead reservoir - near Las Vegas - can also be submerged.

Hawaii

Around every island of Hawaii there are bizarre underwater volcanic landscapes, large Pacific fish, sea ​​turtles and diverse reefs to be seen. On Kaua'i , there are first-class dive sites at Kee Lagoon , Tunnels Reef and Cannons . Niʻihau offers the opportunity to dive with monk seals . The Big Island's most famous dive sites are at Kona and Kohala . Cavern Point , Place of Refuge , Kailua Pier , Pine Trees and Red Hill are particularly well-known . On the west coast, Maui offers the highly frequented dive sites Honolua Bay , Olowalu and Five Caves . Molokini Crater is also popular with divers and especially Oʻahu where there are black corals and schools at Waimea Bay , on the coast of Wai'anae du .

South America and South Atlantic Islands

East coast

The three best diving areas in Brazil are: Fernando de Noronha with many fish and coral species, Parque Nacional Marinho dos Albrolhos , an underwater national park off the coast of Caravelas and Búzios , north of Rio de Janeiro . Many diving schools can be found south of Joinville , between Santos and Rio de Janeiro , in front of Salvador , Maceió , Recife and Natal . There are other accumulations of diving centers on Argentina's Atlantic coast in Ushuaia on Tierra del Fuego , Puerto Madryn and in Buenos Aires . In recent years, more and more diving schools have sprung up in Bolívar , Colombia .

Sea cucumber (Stichopus fuscus) near the Galápagos Islands

West Coast

Because of the cold Humboldt Current , which makes the sea on the west coast of South America cool, there are no corals here, instead marine mammals and a lot of kelp. The Galápagos Islands belonging to Ecuador offer a special wealth of large fish, water turtles , and various marine mammal species can be observed regularly. Dive shops are at home in Ecuadorian Salinas , Colombian Chocó , Peruvian Chimbote and Lima . In Chile there are some diving schools near Puerto Montt , Valparaíso , Coquimbo and Antofagasta .

literature

  • Andreas Caduff: Sports Tourism and Sustainable Development in Tourist Regions: A Tourism Geographic Spatial Analysis - presented using case studies in South and Southeast Asia . Mainz 2006, urn : nbn: de: hebis: 77-10563 . (Dissertation at the University of Mainz , Department of Geography)
  • Monty Halls: Diving Worldwide. The 60 most beautiful diving areas in the world . BrunoMedia Verlag, Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-9812730-1-4 . (Original edition: Dive: The Ultimate Guide to 60 of the World's Top Dive Locations . Firefly Books, Buffalo, NY 2004, ISBN 1-55297-996-2 .)
  • Jack Jackson (Ed.): Dive Atlas of the World: An Illustrated Reference to the Best Sites . New Holland Publishers, London 2008, ISBN 1-84330-364-7 .
  • Chris Santella: Fifty places to dive before you die: diving experts share the world's greatest destinations . Stewart, Tabori & Chang, New York 2008, ISBN 1-58479-710-X .

Web links

Commons : Dive Areas  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Salem Express at DiveWorld .
  2. ↑ Shark Point at DiveWorld .
  3. ↑ For example in the travel guide series DuMont Richtig Reisen , DuMont travel paperbacks and Baedeker travel guides from MairDumont , in travel guides from Michael Müller Verlag , in travel guides from National Geographic and in travel guides from Iwanowski's Reisebuchverlag .
  4. ↑ International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (Ed.): Economic Values ​​of Protected Areas: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers . Gland, Cambridge 1998, ISBN 2-8317-0461-8 , pp. 45-46.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Anna Vander Broek: World's 10 best scuba spots . In: Forbes Traveler , August 2007.
  6. ↑ a b c Ralf Scheibe: Development trends in water tourism in the southern Baltic Sea region (PDF file; 398 kB) . In: IKZM- Oderberichte , No. 62 (2010), University of Greifswald, ISSN  1614-5968 , pp. 23–26.
  7. ^ Andreas Caduff: Sports tourism and sustainable development in tourist regions . Mainz 2006, p. 213.
  8. ↑ Definition of the terms coast and marine and coastal tourism . Learning module as part of the research project “Research for an Integrated Coastal Zone Management in the Oder Estuary Region (IKZM-Oder)”, accessed on July 21, 2010.
  9. ↑ Jack Jackson (Ed.): Dive Atlas of the World . London 2008, p. 13.
  10. ↑ In the Maldives , for example, there is not a single hospital with special or maximum care , but five recompression chambers . ( Maledives - Medical Facilities and Health Insurance ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / travel.state.gov archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note .. US Department of Health, Washington 2010.)
  11. ↑ a b Anke Riedel: Diving and nature conservation - a contradiction? Plant Wissen, WDR , SWR , BR-alpha , October 4, 2012, accessed March 5, 2013 .
  12. ↑ Erlet Cater: Marine Environments . In: David Bruce Weaver (Ed.): The Encyclopedia of Ecotourism . CABI, Wallingford 2001, ISBN 0-85199-368-0 , pp. 270-272.
  13. ↑ Worldwide overview of all diving areas. , Google Maps, accessed 9 September 2010
  14. ↑ diving areas , Globetrotter, delivered Reiffen: 10th September 2010
  15. ^ Mary Fitzpatrick, Becca Blond, Gemma Picher, Simon Richmond, Matt Warren: South Africa - Lonley Planet, 2004, ISBN 1-74104-162-7 , pp. 566-577
  16. ↑ a b Diving Areas - Middle East , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed October 21, 2010
  17. ↑ Canary Islands ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Tauch-und-Ferien.de, accessed October 30, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tauchen-und-ferien.de
  18. ↑ Diving Areas - Thailand , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed October 21, 2010
  19. ↑ Dive Areas - Malaysia , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed October 21, 2010
  20. ↑ Dive Areas - Philippines , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed October 21, 2010
  21. ↑ Diving in the Philippines ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , philippinen-tauchen.com, accessed October 21, 2010 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / philippinen-tauchen.com
  22. ↑ Diving Areas - Indonesia , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed October 21, 2010
  23. ↑ Dive Timor
  24. ^ Birgit Borowski: Australia . Baedeker, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-8297-1024-0 , p. 128.
  25. ^ Charles Rawlings-Way, Brett Atkinson: New Zealand . Lonely Planet, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 3-8297-1632-X , pp. 101-103.
  26. ↑ Wreck of the Rainbow Warrior , unterwasser-kamera.org, accessed: May 26, 2013
  27. ^ David Stanley: Fiji. Moon Handbook . 9th edition. Moon 2011, ISBN 978-1-59880-737-0 .
  28. ↑ Carolyn McCarthy, et al .: Chile and Easter Island . Lonely Planet, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 3-8297-1648-6 , p. 84
  29. ↑ Carolyn McCarthy, et al .: Chile and Easter Island . Lonely Planet, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 3-8297-1648-6 , p. 507.
  30. ↑ North Sea  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , www.offcon24.de, accessed January 10, 2011@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.offcon24.de  
  31. ↑ Diving ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , www.skandinavien.de, accessed January 10, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.skandinavien.de
  32. ↑ Diving to the center of the earth , lotharfritsch.de, accessed: May 31, 2011
  33. ↑ Isles Of Scilly, England ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , www.tauchen-online.de, accessed: January 10, 2011 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tauchen-online.de
  34. ↑ Sharks, wrecks and crustaceans - diving on the west coast of Ireland , www.easydive24.de, accessed: January 10, 2011
  35. ↑ a b c d Ten Best Dive Sites in Europe , scubatravel.co.uk, accessed May 31, 2011
  36. ↑ a b Damien Simonis: Spain . Lonely Planet, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 3-8297-1590-0 , pp. 94-95.
  37. ↑ Michael Müller: Portugal , 18th edition. Michael Müller Verlag, Erlangen 2005, ISBN 3-89953-209-0 , pp. 80-81.
  38. ^ Area Marina Protetta Punta Campanella
  39. ^ Damien Simonis: Italy . Lonely Planet, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 3-8297-1606-0 , pp. 889-890.
  40. ↑ Jura - Bottighofen. In: swiss-divers.ch. SWISS DIVERS, accessed on June 23, 2018 .
  41. ↑ a b Diving Areas - Caribbean (SSS Islands, Tobago, ABC Islands) , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed May 31, 2011
  42. ↑ Diving Areas - Cuba , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed May 31, 2011
  43. ↑ Dive Areas - Mexico , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed October 21, 2010
  44. ↑ Gerhard Heck, Manfred Wöbcke: Mexico . DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2006, ISBN 3-7701-7627-8 , p. 87.
  45. ↑ Dive Areas - Honduras , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed May 31, 2011
  46. ↑ Diving Areas - Costa Rica , Globetrotter Travel Service, accessed May 31, 2011
  47. ↑ a b c MensFitness.com: Five Best Dive Spots in the US ( Memento from April 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  48. ↑ a b Gennie Springs (English), accessed June 1, 2011
  49. ↑ Lake Mead Dive Sites , accessed May 1, 2011
  50. ↑ a b c d e Hawaii - Tauchreisen Südsee , divers-travel-guide.com, accessed: June 1, 2011
  51. ^ A b Helmuth Taubald: Brazil . DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 3-7701-7632-4 , p. 80. ( DuMont Richtig Reisen series )