List of the First Ladies of the United States

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The current First Lady of the United States, Melania Trump (since 2017)

The First Lady of the United States is officially the hostess of the White House . This office is normally held by the wife of the President of the United States , but in certain cases the office can be delegated to women who are not the wife of the President, for example if the president is a bachelor or widow the President's wife is unable to serve.

Unlike the presidency, the office of first lady is not an elected office. Nor does it entail any obligations. Even so, the first lady attends many public events, often instead of the president. Traditionally, the First Lady employs her own staff, which consists of the White House Social Events Secretary, the Chief of Staff, the Head Gardener, and the Head Chef.

According to the First Ladies Archives, there were forty-six First Ladies and forty-seven terms in office. This discrepancy arises from the fact that Grover Cleveland's First Lady Frances Folsom , like her husband, held this office for two non-contiguous terms and is therefore counted twice.

On January 20, 2017, Melania Trump , wife of the 45th President Donald Trump , became the 47th First Lady of the United States, replacing the previous incumbent Michelle Obama , wife of the 44th President Barack Obama .

There are currently four former first ladies alive: Rosalynn Carter , wife of 39th President Jimmy Carter , Hillary Clinton , wife of 42nd President William J. Clinton , Laura Bush , wife of George W. Bush, and Michelle Obama.

The wife of George Washington , Martha Washington , is considered the first First Lady of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson each had two first ladies, as both remarried after the death of their first wives during their tenure. The wives of four US presidents had already died by the time their husband was inaugurated : Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson , wife of Thomas Jefferson ; Rachel Donelson Jackson , wife of Andrew Jackson ; Hannah Hoes Van Buren , wife of 8th President Martin Van Buren , and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur , wife of 21st President Chester A. Arthur . In one case, a woman was the official first lady despite not being married to the president: Harriet Lane , niece of 15th President James Buchanan , took this office because her uncle was not married for a lifetime.

In 2007, the United States Mint issued a series of $ 10 gold coins, each with a portrait of a first lady. If there was no official first lady in a presidency, the front of the coin shows a typical symbol of freedom and the back shows a scene from the life of the respective president. This applies to Presidents Jefferson, Jackson, Van Buren and Buchanan, but not to Chester A. Arthur, as this coin features the suffragette Alice Paul , who is said to represent the conservative era of President Arthur.

The first national conference on First Ladies was held in 1984 in the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, attended by Betty Ford and Rosalynn Carter . The event brought to light an unexpectedly great public interest in the history of the presidential wives that has remained unbroken to this day and has been repeated regularly since then. Two years earlier, the Siena College had published a historical ranking of the First Ladies for the first time. In addition, historical biographies of presidential wives were published at this time due to newly accessible archives, for example one on Edith Roosevelt in 1980 . In the same month as the conference at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, Carter published her autobiography, First Lady from Plains , which sold better than her husband's. Another factor that fueled the increased interest in the history of the First Ladies at the time was the controversial then-first lady, Nancy Reagan . From 1987 onwards, several overview works on the history of the first ladies appeared, which, in contrast to older works, endeavored to lift the presidential wives from their ceremonial pedestal and to place them more firmly in the historical context. In 2013/14, C-SPAN broadcast the documentary series First Ladies: Influence and Image . While the wives of the presidents of the founding fathers generation have always attracted research, many of the later first ladies of the 19th century have been ignored to this day.

List of First Ladies

#
 portrait
 First lady
 Date of birth
 wedding day
 US President
(husband) 		Beginning of the term of office Age at the beginning of the term of office
 Term expires Length of retirement
 date of death
 lifespan
01.01 Portrait of Martha Washington Washington, Martha CustisMartha Washington

(nee Dandridge) 		June 13, 1731 January 6, 1759 George Washington April 30, 1789 57 years and 332 days March 4, 1797 1904 days May 22, 1802 25921 days (70 years and 354 days)
02.02 Portrait painting of Abigail Adams Adams, AbigailAbigail Adams

(nee Smith) 		November 11, 1744 October 25, 1764 John Adams March 4, 1797 52 years and 113 days March 4, 1801 6447 days October 28, 1818 27013 days (73 years and 351 days)
Portrait painting of Martha Jefferson Martha Jefferson Randolph
 September 27, 1772 Thomas Jefferson (father) March 4, 1801 28 years and 158 days March 4, 1809 10082 days October 10, 1836 23138 days (64 years and 13 days)
04.04th Portrait painting of Dolley Madison Dolley Madison

(nee Payne) 		May 20, 1768 September 14, 1794 James Madison March 4, 1809 40 years and 288 days March 4, 1817 14740 days July 12, 1849 29,637 days (81 years and 53 days)
05.05 Portrait painting of Elizabeth Monroe Elizabeth Monroe

(nee Kortright) 		June 30, 1768 February 16, 1786 James Monroe March 4, 1817 48 years and 247 days March 4, 1825 2029 days September 23, 1830 22729 days (62 years and 85 days)
06.06th Portrait engraving of Louisa Adams Louisa Adams

(nee Johnson) 		February 12, 1775 July 26, 1797 John Quincy Adams March 4, 1825 50 years and 20 days March 4, 1829 8473 days May 15, 1852 28,216 days (77 years and 93 days)
Emily Donelson Emily Donelson
 June 1, 1807 Andrew Jackson (uncle) March 4, 1829 21 years and 276 days December 19, 1836 December 19, 1836 10776 days (29 years and 201 days)
Sarah Yorke Jackson Sarah Yorke Jackson
 July 16, 1803 Andrew Jackson (father-in-law) November 26, 1834 31 years and 133 days March 4, 1837 18434 days August 23, 1887 30719 days (84 years and 38 days)
Angelica Singleton Van Buren Angelica Van Buren
 February 13, 1818 Martin Van Buren (father-in-law) January 1, 1839 20 years and 322 days March 4, 1841 13449 days December 29, 1877 21,869 days (59 years and 319 days)
09.09 Anna Symmes Harrison Anna Harrison

(nee Tuthill Symmes) 		July 25, 1775 November 22, 1795 William Henry Harrison March 4, 1841 65 years and 222 days April 4, 1841 8362 days February 25, 1864 32356 days (88 years and 215 days)
10.010 Anna Symmes Harrison Letitia Tyler

(nee Christian) 		November 12, 1790 March 29, 1813 John Tyler April 4, 1841 50 years and 143 days September 10, 1842 September 10, 1842 18929 days (51 years and 302 days)
Priscilla Tyler Priscilla Tyler
 June 14, 1816 John Tyler (father-in-law) September 10, 1842 26 years and 88 days June 26, 1844 16622 days December 29, 1889 26,861 days (73 years and 198 days)
11.011 Julia Tyler Julia Tyler

(nee Gardiner) 		May 4, 1820 June 26, 1844 John Tyler June 26, 1844 24 years and 53 days March 4, 1845 16199 days July 10, 1889 25269 days (69 years and 67 days)
12.012 Sarah Polk Sarah Polk

(nee Childress) 		September 4, 1803 January 1, 1824 James K. Polk March 4, 1845 41 years and 181 days March 4, 1849 15503 days August 14, 1891 32121 days (87 years and 344 days)
13.013 Margaret Taylor Margaret Taylor

(nee Mackall Smith) 		September 21, 1788 June 21, 1810 Zachary Taylor March 4, 1849 60 years and 164 days July 9, 1850 767 days August 14, 1852 23,337 days (63 years and 328 days)
14.014th Abigail Fillmore Abigail Fillmore

(nee Powers) 		March 13, 1798 February 5, 1826 Millard Fillmore July 9, 1850 52 years and 118 days March 4, 1853 26 days March 30, 1853 20105 days (55 years and 17 days)
15.015th Jane Pierce Jane Pierce

(nee Means Appleton) 		March 12, 1806 November 19, 1834 Franklin Pierce March 4, 1853 46 years and 357 days March 4, 1857 2464 days December 2, 1863 21084 days (57 years and 265 days)
16.016 Harriet Lane Harriet Lane

(later Johnston) 		May 9, 1830 James Buchanan (uncle) March 4, 1857 26 years and 299 days March 4, 1861 15460 days July 3, 1903 26717 days (73 years and 57 days)
17.017th Mary Lincoln Mary Lincoln

(nee Todd) 		December 13, 1818 November 4, 1842 Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1861 42 years and 81 days April 15, 1865 6301 days July 16, 1882 23,226 days (63 years and 215 days)
18.018th Eliza Johnson Eliza Johnson

(nee McCardle) 		October 4, 1810 May 17, 1827 Andrew Johnson April 15, 1865 54 years and 193 days March 4, 1869 2508 days January 15, 1876 23,844 days (65 years and 103 days)
19.019th Julia Grant Julia Grant

(nee Dent) 		January 26, 1826 August 22, 1848 Ulysses S. Grant March 4, 1869 43 years and 37 days March 4, 1877 9415 days December 14, 1902 28080 days (76 years and 322 days)
20.020th Lucy Hayes Lucy Hayes

(nee Webb) 		August 28, 1831 December 30, 1852 Rutherford B. Hayes March 4, 1877 45 years and 188 days March 4, 1881 3035 days June 25, 1889 21,121 days (57 years and 301 days)
21.021st Lucretia Garfield Lucretia Garfield

(nee Rudolph) 		April 19, 1832 November 11, 1858 James A. Garfield March 4, 1881 48 years and 319 days September 19, 1881 13324 days March 14, 1918 31374 days (85 years and 329 days)
Mary Arthur McElroy Mary McElroy
 July 5, 1841 Chester A. Arthur (brother) September 19, 1881 40 years and 76 days March 4, 1885 11632 days January 8, 1917 27580 days (75 years and 187 days)
Rose Cleveland Rose Cleveland
 June 13, 1846 Grover Cleveland (brother) March 4, 1885 38 years and 264 days June 2, 1886 11860 days November 22, 1918 26,459 days (72 years and 162 days)
23.023 Frances Cleveland Frances Cleveland

(nee Folsom, later Preston) 		July 21, 1864 June 2, 1886 Grover Cleveland June 2, 1886 21 years and 316 days March 4, 1889 1461 days October 29, 1947 30414 days (83 years and 100 days)
24.024 Caroline Harrison Caroline Harrison

(nee Scott) 		October 1, 1832 October 20, 1853 Benjamin Harrison March 4, 1889 56 years and 154 days October 25, 1892 October 25, 1892 21,939 days (60 years and 24 days)
Mary Harrison McKee Mary Harrison McKee
 April 3, 1858 Benjamin Harrison (father) October 25, 1892 34 years and 205 days March 4, 1893 13751 days October 28, 1930 26505 days (72 years and 208 days)
25.025th Frances Cleveland Frances Cleveland

(nee Folsom, later Preston) 		July 21, 1864 June 2, 1886 Grover Cleveland March 4, 1893 28 years and 226 days March 4, 1897 18500 days October 29, 1947 30414 days (83 years and 100 days)
26.026th Ida McKinley Ida McKinley

(nee Saxton) 		June 8, 1847 January 25, 1871 William McKinley March 4, 1897 49 years and 269 days September 14, 1901 2080 days May 26, 1907 21901 days (59 years and 352 days)
27.027 Edith Roosevelt Edith Roosevelt

(nee Carow) 		August 6, 1861 December 2, 1886 Theodore Roosevelt September 14, 1901 40 years and 39 days March 4, 1909 14455 days September 30, 1948 31831 days (87 years and 55 days)
28.028 Helen Taft Helen Taft

(nee Herron) 		June 2, 1861 June 19, 1886 William Howard Taft March 4, 1909 47 years and 275 days March 4, 1913 11036 days May 22, 1943 29,938 days (81 years and 354 days)
29.029 Ellen Wilson Ellen Wilson

(nee Axson) 		May 15, 1860 June 24, 1885 Woodrow Wilson March 4, 1913 52 years and 293 days August 6, 1914 August 6, 1914 19805 days (54 years and 83 days)
Margaret Wilson Margaret Woodrow Wilson
 April 16, 1886 Woodrow Wilson (father) August 6, 1914 28 years and 112 days December 18, 1915 10283 days February 12, 1944 21 120 days (57 years and 302 days)
30.030th Edith Wilson Edith Wilson

(nee Bolling) 		October 15, 1872 December 18, 1915 Woodrow Wilson December 18, 1915 43 years and 64 days March 4, 1921 14909 days December 28, 1961 32580 days (89 years and 74 days)
31.031 Florence Harding Florence Harding

(nee Kling) 		August 15, 1860 July 8, 1891 Warren G. Harding March 4, 1921 60 years and 201 days August 2, 1923 477 days November 21, 1924 23473 days (64 years and 98 days)
32.032 Grace Coolidge Grace Coolidge

(nee Goodhue) 		January 3, 1879 4th October 1905 Calvin Coolidge August 2, 1923 44 years and 211 days March 4, 1929 10353 days July 8, 1957 28675 days (78 years and 186 days)
33.033 Portrait of Lou Hoover Lou Hoover

(nee Henry) 		March 29, 1874 February 10, 1899 Herbert Hoover March 4, 1929 54 years and 340 days March 4, 1933 3961 days January 7, 1944 25485 days (69 years and 284 days)
34.034 Portrait of Eleanor Roosevelt Eleanor Roosevelt

(nee Roosevelt) 		October 11, 1884 March 17, 1905 Franklin D. Roosevelt March 4, 1933 48 years and 144 days April 12, 1945 6418 days November 7, 1962 28,515 days (78 years and 27 days)
35.035 Portrait of Bess Truman Elizabeth "Bess" Truman

(nee Wallace) 		February 13, 1885 June 28, 1919 Harry S. Truman April 12, 1945 60 years and 58 days January 20, 1953 10863 days October 18, 1982 35675 days (97 years and 247 days)
36.036 Portrait of Mamie Eisenhower Mamie Eisenhower

(nee Doud) 		November 14, 1896 July 1, 1916 Dwight D. Eisenhower January 20, 1953 56 years and 67 days January 20, 1961 6859 days November 1, 1979 30301 days (82 years and 352 days)
37.037 Portrait of Jaqueline Kennedy Jacqueline Kennedy

(nee Bouvier, later Onassis) 		July 28, 1929 September 12, 1953 John F. Kennedy January 20, 1961 31 years and 176 days November 22, 1963 11136 days May 19, 1994 23671 days (64 years and 295 days)
38.038 Portrait of Lady Bird Johnson Claudia "Lady Bird" Johnson

(née Taylor) 		December 22, 1912 November 17, 1934 Lyndon B. Johnson November 22, 1963 50 years and 335 days 20th January 1969 14051 days July 11, 2007 34534 days (94 years and 201 days)
39.039 Portrait of Pat Nixon Patricia "Pat" Nixon

(nee Ryan) 		March 16, 1912 June 21, 1940 Richard Nixon 20th January 1969 56 years and 310 days August 9, 1974 6892 days June 22, 1993 29683 days (81 years and 98 days)
40.040 Portrait of Betty Ford Elizabeth "Betty" Ford

(nee Bloomer) 		April 8, 1918 October 15, 1948 Gerald Ford August 9, 1974 56 years and 123 days 20th January 1977 12587 days July 8, 2011 34059 days (93 years and 91 days)
41.041 Portrait of Rosalynn Carter Rosalynn Carter

(nee Smith) 		August 18, 1927 July 7, 1946 Jimmy Carter 20th January 1977 49 years and 155 days January 20, 1981 14469 days 33983 days (93 years and 14 days)
42.042 Portrait of Nancy Reagan Nancy Reagan

(nee Davis, originally Robbins) 		July 6, 1921 March 6, 1952 Ronald Reagan January 20, 1981 59 years and 198 days January 20, 1989 9907 days March 6, 2016 34577 days (94 years and 244 days)
43.043 Portrait of Barbara Bush Barbara Bush

(nee Pierce) 		June 8, 1925 January 6, 1945 George Bush January 20, 1989 63 years and 226 days January 20, 1993 9218 days 17th April 2018 33,916 days (92 years and 313 days)
44.044 Portrait of Hillary Clinton Hillary Clinton

(nee Rodham) 		October 26, 1947 October 11, 1975 Bill Clinton January 20, 1993 45 years and 86 days January 20, 2001 7164 days 26609 days (72 years and 311 days)
45.045 Portrait of Laura Bush Laura Bush

(nee Welch) 		November 4, 1946 5th November 1977 George W. Bush January 20, 2001 54 years and 77 days January 20, 2009 4242 days 26,965 days (73 years and 302 days)
46.046 Portrait of Michelle Obama Michelle Obama

(nee Robinson) 		17th January 1964 3rd October 1992 Barack Obama January 20, 2009 45 years and 3 days 20th January 2017 1320 days 20682 days (56 years and 228 days)
46.047 Portrait of Melania Trump Melania Trump

(nee Knavs) 		April 26, 1970 January 22, 2005 Donald Trump 20th January 2017 46 years and 265 days 18391 days (50 years and 128 days)
#
 portrait
 First lady
 Date of birth
 Wedding date
 US President
(husband) 		Beginning of the term of office Age at the beginning of the term of office
 Term expires
 Length of retirement
 date of death
 lifespan

literature

  • Betty Boyd Caroli: First Ladies: The Ever Changing Role, from Martha Washington to Melania Trump. 5th updated edition. Oxford University Press, New York 2019, ISBN 978-0-19-066913-3 .
  • Katherine AS Sibley (Ed.): A Companion to First Ladies. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester 2016, ISBN 978-1-118-73222-9 .
  • Carl Sferraza Anthony: First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents' Wives and Their Power, 1789-1961. Harper Perennial, New York 2003, ISBN 978-0-688-11272-1 .
  • Myra G. Gutin: The President's Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century. Praeger, Westport 1989, ISBN 978-0-313-25335-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Katherine AS Sibley: Introduction. In the same (ed.): A Companion to First Ladies. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester 2016, ISBN 978-1-118-73222-9 , pp. 1-5; here: pp. 1–4.
  2. ↑ Biography of Martha Washington . White house . Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  3. ^ First Lady Biography: Martha Washington . National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  4. ↑ Biography of Abigail Adams . White house . Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  5. ^ First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams . National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
  6. ↑ Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  7. ^ Dolley Payne Todd Madison. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Elizabeth Kortright Monroe. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Emily Donelson, First Lady. Retrieved June 16, 2020 .
  11. ^ The Enslaved Household of President Andrew Jackson. Retrieved June 16, 2020 (English).
  12. ↑ http://library.sc.edu/spcoll/hist/single/single.html
  13. ^ Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  14. ^ Letitia Christian Tyler. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Biography: Elizabeth Priscilla Cooper Tyler ( Memento from January 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ Julia Gardiner Tyler. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Sarah Childress Polk. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  18. ^ Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  19. ↑ https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/about/first-ladies/abigailfillmore
  20. ↑ Jane Means Appleton Pierce. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  21. ↑ Harriet Lane. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Mary Todd Lincoln. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  23. ↑ Eliza McCardle Johnson. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  24. ↑ Julia Dent Grant. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  25. ↑ Lucy Ware Webb Hayes. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  26. ↑ Biography of Lucretia Garfield . White house . Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  27. ^ First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield . National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved February 13, 2013.
  28. ^ Mary Arthur McElroy ( Memento of February 26, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  29. ^ Rose Cleveland and Evangeline Marrs Simpson Whipple: 1889-1918 ( Memento June 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  30. ↑ Frances Folsom Cleveland. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  31. ^ Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  32. ↑ Learn about Mary Harrison McKee. Retrieved June 16, 2020 (English).
  33. ↑ Frances Folsom Cleveland. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  34. ^ Ida Saxton McKinley. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  35. ↑ Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  36. ↑ Helen Herron Taft. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  37. ↑ Ellen Axson Wilson. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  38. ↑ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=17995286
  39. ↑ Edith Bolling Galt Wilson. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  40. ↑ Florence Kling Harding. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  41. ^ Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  42. ↑ Lou Henry Hoover. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  43. ↑ Anna Eleanor Roosevelt. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  44. ↑ Elizabeth Virginia Wallace Truman. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  45. ^ Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  46. ↑ Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  47. ↑ Claudia Taylor (Lady Bird) Johnson. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  48. ↑ Patricia Ryan Nixon. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  49. ↑ Elizabeth Anne Bloomer Ford. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  50. ↑ Rosalynn Smith Carter. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  51. ^ Nancy Davis Reagan. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  52. ↑ Barbara Pierce Bush. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  53. ^ Hillary Rodham Clinton. December 31, 2014, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  54. ↑ Laura Welch Bush. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  55. ↑ Michelle Obama. January 2, 2015, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  56. ↑ Majid Sattar: Melania Trump: This is the new first lady . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . November 9, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed January 3, 2017]).