List of famines

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Famine List captures historical, contemporary, and present famine worldwide.

list

time region description dead
approx. 1930 BC Chr. Northeast Africa Egypt : Famine in the 25th year of Sesostris I's reign
approx. 1200 BC Chr. Asia Minor Famine testified by pollen analyzes and the mention of grain deliveries to the Hittite Empire in written sources from Egypt at the time of Merenptah and from several sources from Ugarit in Syria
354 Asia Minor Famine in Antioch ends in revolts in which the governor is lynched
362-363 Asia Minor Famine in Antioch 362–363
384-385 Asia Minor Antioch
500-501 Asia Minor Edessa
975 France after a harsh winter from November to March, a third of the French and half of the Parisian population die
around 1090 Northern Europe Famine in Denmark in the reign of Olaf Hunger (1086-1095)
1235 British Islands London 20,000
1302 Southwest Europe Spain : About ¼ of the population of Spain died
1315-1317 Europe Famine of 1315-17 , famine in large parts of Europe 5 million
1333-1337 China Great famine 4 million
1437-40 Europe Famine of the years 1437–1439 / 40 in large parts of Europe, triggered by supra-regional crop failures as a result of severe winters and later frost breaks (may frost)
1597-1598 Baltic region Famine 1597/98 in the breadbasket of Europe after successive crop failures in 1596 and 1597, called the "great price increases" by contemporaries, causing the " Little Ice Age "
1601-1603 Russia Famine after poor harvests due to cold, damp weather as a result of the Huaynaputina eruption , Peru 500,000
1618-1648 Europe Europe: famines as a result of the Thirty Years War
1630-1631 India There was a great famine in India . Records show that cannibalism was so widespread that human meat was sold in the open market.
1693-1694 Western Europe Great famine in France as a result of an extremely severe winter, exacerbated by a typhoid epidemic 1-2 million
1709 Western Europe Great famine in France caused by a very severe winter
1769-70 India Famine in Bengal 1770 6.5 million
1770 Eastern Europe Eastern Europe 190,000
1770-1772 Europe three devastating crop failures
1816-1817 Europe Europe: Year without a summer in large parts of Europe, caused by the eruption of the Tambora volcano in Indonesia April 10-15 , 1815
1837-38 India Northwest India 800,000
1844-1849 Europe Failure of the potato harvest due to potato rot , food shortage; very cold summer and winter; Hunger epidemics. Great famine in Ireland with around 1 million deaths and a wave of emigration to North America. Potato Revolution in Berlin, April 1847. 1 million
1866 India Famine in Bengal and Orissa 1.5 million
1866-1868 Northern Europe Famine in Finland 150,000
1867-1869 Northern Europe Famine in Sweden
1874-75 Asia Minor Asia Minor 150,000
1876-1879 China Great famine in northern China 11 million
1876-1878 India Great famine; Estimates vary between 5 and 29 million deaths. 5 million
1876-1878 South East Asia Famine in Java (then Dutch East Indies )
1877-1879 North africa Great famine caused by a period of drought in French North Africa and in present-day Algeria . up to 300,000
1891-1892 Russia up to 500,000
1892-1894 China Great famine 1 million
1896-1897 China Great famine 5 million
1896-1897 and 1899-1902 India Great famine; 100 million people affected; Estimates of deaths vary widely, up to 11 million


1916-1917 Central Europe " Turnip winter " in the German Empire 800,000
1916-1918 Levant Famine in Lebanon 1916–1918 in the Turkish- German occupied Lebanon during the First World War as a result of an Allied naval blockade and requisitions by the poorly supplied troops; also as a result of the high degree of specialization of Lebanese agriculture, where basic foodstuffs are imported and instead z. B. viticulture and silkworm breeding were carried out (approx. 100,000 dead, in an area then inhabited by 450,000 people) 100,000
1920-1921 China Famine in Northern China 500,000
1921-1924 Eastern Europe Famine in parts of Russia 5 million
1928-1929 China Great famine 10 million
1932-33 Eastern Europe and North Asia Famine in Ukraine ( Holodomor , approx. 7 million deaths) as well as in parts of Russia , in Kazakhstan and in the Caucasus region . 6-7 million
1939-1945 Europe Famine in Europe during World War II .
1941-1944 Southeast Europe Great famine in Greece as a result of the German occupation of Greece, estimated between 100,000 and 450,000 dead
1941-1944 Eastern Europe Famine in Leningrad due to the Leningrad blockade in World War II. 1.1 million
1943 Central Africa Rwanda Urundi 45,000
1943-1944 India Famine in Bengal in 1943 - aggravated by the circumstances of the Second World War ( Japanese occupation of Burma , etc.) 1.5 to 4 million
1944/45 Western Europe “ Hongerwinter ” in the Netherlands in the last months of the war due to the collapse of the distribution system with food stamps. Around 200,000 suffered from deficiency symptoms and an estimated 22,000 people died. Since many birth records have been preserved, there is some research into the effects of famine on pregnancy and the further course of life. 22,000
1944-1945 South East Asia Famine in Vietnam under Japanese occupation, reported in the propaganda with 2 million victims
1946-1947 Central Europe Germany : hunger winter 1946–1947
1959-1961 China Great Chinese famine in the People's Republic of China , perhaps the greatest in world history, was triggered by the Great Leap Forward from 1959 to 1961 15-43 million
1966 India Impending famine in Bihar . The US allocated 900,000 tons of grain to fight hunger
1967-1970 West Africa Famine caused by the Biafra war in Biafra , Nigeria
1968-1974 West Africa Famine in the Sahel 500,000
1973 East Africa Famine in Ethiopia
1984-1985 East and West Africa Famine in Ethiopia (and several countries in the Sahel region) 2-3 million
1980s South East Asia After the country was reunified after the Vietnam War , there was a brief famine in the 1980s that caused many people to leave the country
1994-1997 East asia Famine in North Korea 0.5-2 million
1990s East Africa First half of the 1990s: Somalia famine due to drought and civil war in Somalia
1990s Northeast Africa Famine in ( South ) Sudan as a result of the civil war in South Sudan
2000-2005 Southern Africa Zimbabwe
2003 Northeast Africa Famine in Darfur / Sudan as a result of the Darfur conflict
2005 West Africa Hunger crisis in Niger
2006 East Africa Hunger crisis in Ethiopia, northeast Kenya, Somalia and Djibouti
2011 East Africa Hunger crisis in the Horn of Africa 2011
2017 East Africa and Lake Chad neighbors Famine in South Sudan , parts of Yemen , Ethiopia , Somalia , Kenya and Nigeria . In addition to Nigeria, the other countries bordering Lake Chad - Cameroon , Chad and Niger - are also affected.

See also

Web links

Commons : Famines  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Estimates from: Encyclopedia Britannica , 1992
  2. ↑ Massimo Montanari : Hunger and Abundance: Cultural History of Nutrition in Europe . CH Beck, 1993, ISBN 978-3-406-37702-0 , pp. 85 ff . ( Google Books ).
  3. ↑ KL Verosub and J. Lippman: Global Impacts of the 1600 eruption of Peru's Huaynaputina Volcano . In: Eos . tape 89 , no. 15 , 8 April 2008, doi : 10.1029 / 2008EO150001 . Communication on this: Recent research into the influence of the Huaynaputina on the climate
  4. ↑ Dominik Collet (2014): Hunger and Rule. Environmental- historical entanglements of the first partition of Poland and the European hunger crisis 1770–1772 , in: Yearbooks for the history of Eastern Europe (pdf)
  5. ↑ Jim Donelly; The Irish Famine . On BBC History February 17, 2001.
  6. ↑ Dinyar Patel: Viewpoint: How British let one million Indians in the famine. BBC News, June 11, 2016, accessed June 11, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Lhote, Henri: When the Sahara was not yet a desert . In: The last secrets of our world . Verlag Das Beste. Stuttgart 1977, p. 218.
  8. ↑ Information from: Mike Davis: The Birth of the Third World.
  9. ↑ Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (abstract)
  10. ^ Gustavo Corni : Hunger . In: Gerhard Hirschfeld , Gerd Krumeich and Irina Renz (eds.): Encyclopedia First World War . Schöningh (UTB), Paderborn 2009, p. 565.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Lexicon of Genocides. 1998
  12. ↑ Amartya Sen (1981): Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. London: Oxford University Press. P. 203, ISBN 9780195649543 .
  13. ↑ Joseph Lazzaro: Bengal Famine Of 1943 - A Man-Made Holocaust. International Business Times, February 22, 2013, accessed October 14, 2014 .
  14. ↑ Rakesh Krishnan Simha: Remembering India's forgotten holocaust: British policies killed nearly 4 million Indians in the 1943-44 Bengal Famine. (No longer available online.) Tehelka.com, June 13, 2014, archived from the original on April 11, 2015 ; accessed on April 5, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tehelka.com
  15. ↑ UNICEF: 250,000 children suffer from acute severe malnutrition , UNICEF, February 20, 2017
  16. ↑ Große Not , Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung, February 26, 2017
  17. ↑ Oslo: Donor Conference for the Crisis Region on Lake Chad , UNRIC, February 24, 2017