List of Heads of State 638

Overview
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Other events

Africa

• Aksumite Empire
  • King : Armah (614 – approx. 640)

America

• Maya
  • Caracol
    • Ruler : K'an II (618–658)
  • Copan
    • Ruler : Rauch Imix (628–695)
  • Palenque
    • Ruler : K'inich Janaab Pakal I (615–683)
  • Tikal
    • Ruler : K'inich Muwaan Jol II (around 628–650)
  • Toniná
    • Ruler: K'inich Hix Chapat (595–665)

Asia

• Bagan
  • King : Popa Sawrahan (613–640)

• China
  • Emperor : Tang Taizong (626–649)

• Western Empire of the Gok Turks
  • Khan : Tu-lu II. (634-653)

• Iberia (Kartlien)
  • King : Adarnase I. Patrikios (627–637 / 642)
  • King: Stefanos I Patrikios (637 / 642–650)

• India
  • North India: Harsha (606–647)
  • Chalukya
    • King : Pulakesi II (609–642)
  • Eastern Chalukya
    • King : Kubja Vishnuvardhana (624–641)
  • Pallava
    • King : Narasimha Varman I (630–668)
  • Pandya
    • King : Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640)

• Japan
  • Emperor : Jomei (629–641)

• cashmere
  • King : Durlabhavardhana (625–661)

• Korea
  • Baekje
    • King : Mu (600–641)
  • Goguryeo
    • King : Yeong-ryu (618–642)
  • Silla
    • King : Seondeok (632–647)

• State of the Muslims
  • Caliph: Umar ibn al-Khattab (634–644)

• Sassanid Empire
  • Shah (Great King) : Yazdegerd III. (632-651)

• Tibet
  • King : Songtsen Gampo (617–649)

Europe

• Byzantine Empire
  • Emperor : Herakleios (610–641)

• England ( heptarchy )
  • East Anglia
    • King : Ecgric (637-640)
  • Essex
    • King : Sigeberht I. (617–650)
  • Kent
    • King: Eadbald (616 / 618–640)
  • Mercia
    • King : Penda (626–655)
  • Northumbria
    • King : Oswald (634–642)
  • Wessex
    • King : Cynegils (611–642)

• Greater Bulgarian Empire
  • Khan: Kubrat (632-665)

• Frankish Empire
  • King : Dagobert I (629–639)
  • Autonomous areas:
    • Duke of Thuringia : Radulf (634–642)

• Longobard Empire
  • King : Rothari (636–652)
  • Autonomous Lombard Duchies:
    • Duke : Arichis I (591–641)
    • Duke of Friuli : Grasulf II (616–645)
    • Duke of Spoleto : Theudelapius (601–653)

• Scotland
  • Dalriada
    • King : Domnall Brecc (629–642)
  • Strathclyde
    • King : Eugein I (633–645)

• Wales
  • Gwynedd
    • King : Cadfael Cadomedd ap Cynfeddw (634–655)

• Visigoth Empire
  • King : Chintila (636–639)

Religious leaders

• Pope : Honorius I (625–638)
• Pope: Severinus (638–640)
• Patriarch of Constantinople: Sergios I (610–638)
• Patriarch: Pyrrhus (638-641)