Hatschek

This article covers the diacritical mark. For other meanings see Hatschek (explanation of terms ) .

◌ ̌
Diacritical marks
designation	character
Acute, simple	◌́
Acute, double	◌̋
Breve, about it	◌̆
Breve, including	◌̮
Cedilla, including	◌̧
Cedilla, about it	◌̒
Gravis, simple	◌̀
Gravis, double	◌̏
hook	◌̉
Hatschek	◌̌
horn	◌̛
Comma below	◌̦
Coronis	◌̓
Kroužek, about it	◌̊
Kroužek, including	◌̥
Macron, about it	◌̄
Macron, underneath	◌̱
Ogonek	◌̨
Period about that	◌̇
Point below	◌̣
Dash	◌̶
diacritical slash	◌̷
Alcohol asper	◌̔
Spiritus lenis	◌̕
Tilde, about it	◌̃
Tilde, underneath	◌̰
Trema, about it	◌̈
Trema, including	◌̤
circumflex	◌̂

Ǎǎ Čč Ďď
Ěě Ǧǧ Ȟȟ
Ǐǐ J̌ǰ Ǩǩ Ľľ
Ňň Ǒǒ Řř
Šš Ťť Ǔǔ
Ǚǚ Žž Ǯǯ

The Hatschek ( German High German : das Hatschek; Austrian High German : the Hatschek; Czech Háček , 'tick' ) is a diacritical mark to identify a particular pronunciation or stress of a letter. There is an upwardly open angle (inverted roof) above the letter, the optical counterpart to the circumflex . In contrast to the similar looking breve , it is pointed, not round. Designation in other languages:

• Czech háček , tick, diminutive of hák 'hook'
• Slovak mäkčeň
• Upper Sorbian hóčka
• Lower Sorbian kokulka
• Slovenian strešica , coll. kljukica or klinček
• Croatian kvačica
• finnish hattu
• polish daszek
• Serbian квака
• hungarian hacsek
• english haček , wedge , since 1967 also caron

The spelling of Czech with diacritics goes back to the work Orthographia Bohemica from 1406, which is attributed to Jan Hus and in which a punctus rotundus is introduced as a preliminary stage of the Hatschek.

use

• The Hatschek comes in some Latin- written West and South Slavic languages, such as Czech (č, ď, ě, ň, ř, š, ť, ž), Slovak (č, ď, dž, ľ, ň, š, ť, ž ), Upper Sorbian (č, ě, ř, š, ž), Lower Sorbian (č, ě, š, ž), Slovenian (č, š, ž), Croatian (č, dž, š, ž), Serbian when using the Latin alphabet (č, dž, š, ž) and Bosnian (č, dž, š, ž).
• In the Belarusian Łacinka the sign can also be used to indicate a sound shift towards a palatal sound ( palatalization ) in the orthography (č, š, ž).
• This symbol is also used in non-Slavic languages ​​such as Latvian , Lithuanian ( Baltic languages ) and Sami . It was adopted from the West Slavic languages.
• In Finnish and Estonian , the sign appears in some foreign and loan words.
• In addition, a Hatschek is also used for the scientific transliteration of non-Latin scripts, e.g. B. Cyrillic , Hebrew , Armenian .
• For the official phonetic transcription of standard Chinese ( pinyin ), the symbol is used to clarify the third tone (falling-rising) (see tones of standard Chinese ).
• In modern printed documents, the character on the capital letter L and on the lower case letters d, l and t is often shown in a form similar to a comma at the top right next to the basic character.

Presentation on the computer

Character sets

The Hatschek does not appear in the ASCII character set . In the character sets of the ISO-8859 family, selected characters appear with Hatschek.

Unicode contains other prefabricated characters with Hatschek ("caron") and can represent any characters with Hatschek by adding a combining Hatschek:

ˇ		Caron	Unicode U + 02C7 ( HTML : & caron;)
ˇ		combining caron	Unicode U + 030C (input after characters with Hatschek)
Ǎ	ǎ	A with caron	Unicode U + 01CD, U + 01CE
Č	č	C with caron	Unicode U + 010C, U + 010D
Ď	ď	capital D with caron	Unicode U + 010E
Ě	ě	E with caron	Unicode U + 011A, U + 011B
Ǧ	ǧ	G with caron	Unicode U + 01E6, U + 01E7
Ȟ	ȟ	H with caron	Unicode U + 021E, U + 021F
Ǐ	ǐ	I with Caron	Unicode U + 01CF, U + 01D0
	ǰ	small j with caron	Unicode U + 01F0
Ǩ	ǩ	K with caron	Unicode U + 01E8, U + 01E9
Ľ	ľ	L with caron	Unicode U + 013D, U + 013E
Ň	ň	N with caron	Unicode U + 0147, U + 0148
Ǒ	ǒ	O with caron	Unicode U + 01D1, U + 01D2
Ř	ř	R with caron	Unicode U + 0158, U + 0159
Š	š	S with caron	Unicode U + 0160, U + 0161
Ť	ť	capital T with caron	Unicode U + 0164, U + 0165
Ǔ	ǔ	U with caron	Unicode U + 01D3, U + 01D4
Ž	ž	Z with caron	Unicode U + 017D, U + 017E
Ǚ Note 1	ǚ	U with trema and caron	Unicode U + 01D9, U + 01DA
Ǯ	ǯ	Ʒ with caron	Unicode U + 01EE, U + 01EF
Dž	dž	Dz ( ligature from D and Z ) with caron	Unicode U + 01C4, U + 01C5

It should be noted that these codes are also used when the Hatschek is displayed on d, l, L and t in comma form.

^{Note 1} For the use of the characters Ǚ and ǚ ( Ü with caron ) see Pinyin: Placement of the tone character

TeX and LaTeX

TeX and LaTeX can represent any characters with Hatschek. There are two different commands for this

• in text mode for the \v{a}typesetting creates a Text (with \ usepackage [T1] {fontenc} or \ usepackage [Czech] {babel} l, d and t are also correctly accented.)
• in math mode for the formula set generates \check athe formula ${\displaystyle {\check {a}}}$

input

With the German standard keyboard layout T2 , the character is entered as Alt Gr+ w. This combination acts as a dead key , i.e. H. must be entered before the basic letter (even if the hatschek appears after the letter as with the letters d / L / l / t).

Under Linux and BSD can be used in newer versions of X.org sign with the Hatschek by the key sequence Kompositionstaste, C, Buchstabeis entered, so ì by Kompositionstaste, C, E. The c comes from the English name “caron”.
Alt Gr+ Umschalttaste+ äIs proven that, when a dead key is set, allows the creation of characters, caron.

The Neo keyboard assignment enables direct input via a dead key that can be reached with ⇧+ Tottaste 1. E is thus by ⇧+ Tottaste 1, E generated.

Another option in various Windows programs is to enter the decimal code of the character on the numeric keypad with the Alt key held down. After releasing the Alt key, the desired character appears. Example: Č through Alt + 0268.

Figurative meaning

During the period from 1850 to 1910, many Czechs came to Vienna - often as simple workers, many of them as so-called " Ziegelbehm " - which influenced the Austrian language , especially Viennese . The family names occurring in Vienna were also influenced, which was discussed by cabaret artist Georg Kreisler in his telephone book polka around 1960 .

So they say today colloquially in Vienna "Do your Hatschek underneath" when asking someone with his monogram or his signature to sign a text, although most Slavic names are written without Hatschek. It is used synonymously with the statement "put your three crosses under".

Web links

• Jan Hus and Hatschek Jitka Mládková on Radio Prague on June 20, 2015. Accessed on January 17, 2017

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Duden. German spelling . Mannheim etc .: Dudenverlag, ²¹ 1996.
2. ↑ Austrian dictionary. Vienna: Österreichischer Bundesverlag, ³⁵ 1979.
3. ^ German-Upper Sorbian online dictionary
4. ^ German-Lower Sorbian online dictionary
5. ↑ Andrew West: Ante Dating the Caron 16th August, 2009.
6. ↑ Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexikon Sprach . Digital Library Volume 34. 2nd edition. Directmedia, Berlin 2000, p. 3710 .
7. ↑ Jitka Mládková: Jan Hus and the Hatschek. June 15, 2015, accessed July 22, 2017 . 
8. ↑ In Polish, the corresponding consonants are represented by a different spelling (ż, cz, sz, rz)
9. ↑ at-de: Hatschek - signature, also monogram abbreviation. ostarichi.org; accessed January 15, 2008