Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park

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Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park
Mehedinți Mountains
Mehedinți Mountains
Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 45 ° 5 ′ 34.8 "  N , 22 ° 37 ′ 26.4"  E
Location: Caraș-Severin , Romania
Next city: Baile Herculane
Surface: 612 km²
Founding: 1990
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The Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park (also: National Park Domogled-Cernatal , Romanian Parcul Național Domogled-Valea Cernei ) is located in southwest Romania and covers an area of ​​61,211 hectares in the Caraș-Severin , Mehedinți and Gorj districts . It includes the Cernatal and the Cerna Mountains with the Domogled mountain range , the Mehedinți Mountains and the Godeanu Mountains . The Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park has existed since 1990 and was recognized as a Category II protected area ( National Park ) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature ( IUCN ) in 2006 . Because of its great biodiversity , the entire area of ​​the Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park was included in the Natura 2000 protection program , which was set up within the European Union in accordance with the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive .

description

The Domogled
The Mehedinți Mountains

The Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park extends over three districts, in the east of the Caraș-Severin district, on an area of ​​23,185 hectares, in the west of the Mehedinți district, 8,220 hectares, and in the west of the Gorj district, 29,806 hectares. The last foothill towards the southwest of the Cerna Mountains, which are up to 1600 meters high, is the Domogled with its two bare peaks of a little over a thousand meters, between which an open meadow extends. The mountain became generally known at the end of the 18th century for its extraordinarily rich flora and rare insects. The natural history collector Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg from Dresden discovered numerous plants and insects that were still unknown at the time here in 1793 and 1794. Since then, the Domogled has been visited by most of Europe’s notable naturalists and collectors and is now mentioned in almost all botanical and zoological treatises on Southeast Europe. Since the relatively flat plateau of the mountain was often grazed by flocks of sheep, the Romanian Academy in Bucharest declared the entire Domogled massif (900 hectares) a nature reserve in 1952. In 2006 it was declared a National Park of International Importance by the IUCN. The Domogled is located on the left bank of the Cerna and is characterized by steep slopes and stony ridges . The thermal spring that feeds the Herkulesbad bathing and climatic health resort rises at the foot of the Domogled mountain . The Banat Sphinx and the Cerna waterfall are among the most significant natural beauties that the national park houses . The national park is characterized above all by the spectacular karst landscape , the largest of its kind in Romania.

The Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park is the only national park in the country that includes a complete hydrographic basin, but not a single mountain range. The Cerna Valley is unique because - completely enclosed by mountain regions - it separates two different mountain ranges. It is a typical longitudinal valley that follows the tectonic line between the Vâlcan and Mehedinţi mountains, bounded on one side by the Godeanu massif and on the other by the Cerna mountains. The valley is a huge gorge with undeveloped gorges . The numerous endo- karst forms of the national park area represent an exceptional scientific value both nationally and internationally.

caves

The warm caves in the Domogled – Valea Cernei National Park are unique in Romania and extremely rare worldwide. The climate of the caves is tropical with an air temperature of 35–45 degrees Celsius, which results in a unique fauna.

  • The Adam's Cave ( Romanian Peştera lui Adam ) is used for scientific purposes. Thanks to the warm air that accumulates in the cave, a tropical climate is created here, which is unique in Romania and is home to numerous colonies of bats and guano fauna. The sponge-like stalactites that can be found here are also unique .
  • The steam grotto ( Romanian Grota cu aburi ) is 14 meters long and emits hot, foul-smelling steam of up to 52–56 degrees Celsius through a crevice, with a sizzling roar that can be heard underground. The hot sulfur fumes provide a certain type of moss Philonotis schliephackei with the appropriate habitat, which has been placed under nature protection.
  • The Ion Barzoni Cave ( Romanian Peştera lui Ion Barzoni ) has extensive crust deposits on the walls and stalactite formations of plaster on the floor of the cave.

flora

  • Yellow flax

  • Auricle

  • Alpine juniper

  • Mountain pine

  • Blueberry

  • Common red fescue

  • Stinging butcher's broom

  • Coal slap

  • Trumpet lichen

  • Black cabbage rose

  • Globe flower

  • Grass iris

The vegetation of the Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park includes 1,110 plant species. The floral diversity of the Cerna Valley was described by foreign scholars and travelers as early as the 18th century. Francesco Griselini's travelogues date from 1780. Paul Kitaibel discovered the huge variety of plants in the Banat in 1880 and gave the region's vegetation the first scientific name . Scientific work on the plant taxa of the Banat was published by Rochel (1828), Schuster (1829), Schwarzott (1831), Heuffel (1858), Árpád Degen (1901), August von Hayek (1912–1916).

Endangered and rare species :

Endemic species :

Alpine meadows (1500–1800 meters above sea level):

Balkan and Mediterranean species :

Protected species :

Strictly protected species

The vegetation zones of the national park can be divided into:

fauna

  • Alpine swift

  • European roller

  • Dipper

  • Goldhammer

  • Yellow-bellied toad

  • Agile frog

  • Horned viper

  • Sand lizard

  • Brown trout

  • European grayling

  • Barbel

  • Mediterranean horseshoe bat

In 1794, the botanist and collector Johann Centurius Graf von Hoffmannsegg was the first to research the fauna (insects and birds) of the area that is now the Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park. The national park is home to a diverse range of animals, including insects that are of particular scientific importance.

1463 species of butterflies ( Lepidoptera ) are native here, some of them endemic:

Among the vertebrates , especially the bird world has been scientifically researched, some of them are registered in the red list of endangered species :

Reptiles are found in the alpine and nemoral zones , such as the

Reptiles on the Red List of Endangered Species are:

Amphibians

Of which in the Red List of Threatened Species:

fishes

Of which in the Red List of Threatened Species:

Mammals

Bats live in the warm caves of the national park. The Adam's Cave ( Romanian Peștera lui Adam ) contains the largest guano occurrences of all caves in Romania, sometimes layers up to 3 meters thick, which come from several species of bats, but mainly from the Mediterranean horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus euryale ).

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b kreawerft.at  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 2.2 MB), “Green Mountain” A sustainability development model for overgrown mountain regions: Current situation analysis @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.kreawerft.at  
  2. ↑ domogled-cerna.ro , Parcul Naţional Domogled-Valea Cernei
  3. ↑ eastern-images.de ( Memento from February 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ), Friedrich König: One-time Domogled
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