Piatra Craiului National Park
| Piatra Craiului National Park | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||
|
|||
| Location: | Romania | ||
| Next city: | Brașov | ||
| Surface: | 148 km² | ||
| Founding: | 1938 | ||
 |
|||
 |
|||
The National Park Piatra Craiului (German: National Park Koenigstein , Romanian: Parcul National Piatra Craiului ) is a protected area of IUCN category II in Piatra Craiului Mountains , in the Southern Carpathian Mountains , 200 kilometers north of Bucharest , in Romania . The Piatra Craiului National Park extends over the Brașov and Argeș districts over an area of 14,800 hectares. It has a karst landscape with spectacular limestone formations and is home to a diverse flora and fauna .
description
The first attempts to scientifically research the flora of the Piatra Craiul mountain range were made by J. Lerchenfeld and the Hermannstadt pharmacist Peter Sigerus in the 17th century . Her herbaria are in the Brukenthal Museum in Sibiu . One of the first publications dealing with the flora of the mountain range was the treatise by JC Baumgarten from 1816 "Enumeratio stirpium Magno transilvaniae Principatui". In 1851 a first description of the flora of the Königstein Mountains was published by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott , the endemic Königstein carnation ( Dianthus callizonus ) being described for the first time. Other botanists who devoted themselves to researching the flora of the Königsteingebirge were: Theodor Kotschy (1853), Ferdinand Schur (1866), Michael Fuß (1866), Lajos Simonkai (1886 "Enumeratio Florae Transilvaniae vesculosae critica"), J. Römer (1898 , 1904) and Dimitrie Brândză (1898).
The Piatra Craiului Mountains were declared a nature reserve in 1938 . When it was founded, 440 hectares were under nature protection. In 1990 the Piatra Craiului Mountains were declared a national park over an area of 148 square kilometers . In 1999 the World Bank supported the establishment of a national park administration. A visitor center has been set up in Zărneşti . Zărneşti, Măgura , Peştera , Ciocanu and Șirnea are suitable starting points for hikes .
The National Park Piatra Craiului is a big Karst with caves , with temporary water-bearing sources , crevices , canyons and steep slopes . The "Dâmbovicioara water gorge" and "Dâmbovicioara cave", the "Brusturețul gorge" and the "Izvoarele din Plai" springs are known. The scientific reserve “Peretele Vestic” (west wall) contains geological natural monuments such as “Degetul lui Călinet” ( Călinet's finger ), “Turnurile Dianei” ( Diana's towers ), “Padina Inchisă-Orga Mare” ( Closed Valley-Large Organ ) and his central part with "Zidul lui Dumnezeu" ( Wall of God ), "Avenul de sub Colții Grindului" ( gap under the peaks of the embankment ), "Peștera Mare din Prăpastii" ( Great Cave in the Gorges ).
The Piatra Craiului National Park has more than 700 caves and over 1,300 species of plants . A third of all plant species occurring in Romania can be found in the protected area.
flora
In the Piatra Craiului National Park you can find a great variety of plants, including some rare species, as well as the endemic king rock carnation ( Dianthus callizonus ).
trees and shrubs
The following conifers can be found in the Piatra Craiulu National Park: Norway spruce ( Picea Abies ), pine ( Pinus ), silver fir ( Abies alba ), European larch ( Larix decidua ), Swiss stone pine ( Pinus cembra ), larch ( Larix ), European yew ( Taxus baccata ).
The deciduous trees in the national park include the following species: sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ), common oak ( Quercus robur ), common beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), sycamore maple ( Acer pseudoplatanus ), winter linden ( Tilia cordata ), common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), sycamore elm ( Ulmus glabra ), Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), field maple ( Acer campestre ), silver birch ( Betula pendula ), aspen ( Populus tremula ), green alder ( Alnus viridis ), Black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ), white willow ( Salix alba ), sal willow ( Salix caprea ).
Herbaceous plants
The king's clove ( Dianthus callizonus ) is a plant that can only be found in the Piatra Craiului National Park.
The following herbaceous plants can also be found: rams cabbage rose ( Nigritella rubra subsp. Widderi ), alpine edelweiss ( Leontopodium alpinum ), alpine roses ( rhododendron ), alpine poppies ( Papaver alpinum ), royal daphne ( Daphne blagayana ), yellow lady's slipper ( Cypripedium) calceolus ), Linaria alpina ( Linaria alpina ), Austrian ribs Same ( Pleurospermum austriacum ) Bärenklau ( heracleum palmatum ) erigeron uniflorus ( Erigeron uniflorus ), Himalayan fleabane ( Erigeron atticus ) witmannii Erysimum , Färberkamille ( Anthemis tinctoria ), meadows bellflower ( Campanula patula ), red forest bird ( Cephalanthera rubra ), coral root ( Corallorhiza trifida ), clusius gentian ( Gentiana clusii ), orchid orchid ( Orchis morio ), pygmy orchid ( Orchis ustulata ), devil's claw ( Phyteuma alpine tetramerum ), ( Pinguicula alpina ), mountain plantain ( Plantago atrata ), high lice herb ( Pedicularis exaltata ).
The National Park Piatra Craiului offers various types of orchids like: cephalanthera longifolia ( Cephalanthera longifolia ), mosquito Händelwurz ( Gymnadenia conopsea ) Fragrant Händelwurz ( Gymnadenia odoratissima ) and cloves species such as glacier carnation ( Dianthus glacialis ), Dianthus tenuifolius , Dianthus giganteus banaticus , Dianthus henteri a suitable habitat.
fauna
The wildlife of the national park is represented by a wide variety of mammals, birds, fish, amphibians and reptiles, some of which are on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species .
Mammals
Large mammals found in the Piatra Craiului National Park are: brown bear ( Ursus arctos ), red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ), wolf ( Canis lupus ), Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ), pine marten ( Martes martes ), red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ), wild boar ( Sus scrofa ).
Among the small mammals are found: Gray squirrel ( Sciurus carolinensis ), Barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus ), Schreiber's bat ( Miniopterus schreibersii ), greater mouse-eared ( Myotis myotis ), lesser mouse-ear ( Myotis blythii ), greater horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ), Lesser Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus hipposideros ), field shrew ( Crocidura leucodon ), pygmy shrew ( Sorex minutus ), harvest mouse (Micromys minutus ), wood shrew ( Sorex araneus ), Alpine shrew ( Sorex alpinus ).
Birds
The birds are in the National Park Piatra Craiului represented by: capercaillie ( Tetrao urogallus ), Raven ( Corvus corax ), hazel grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia ), Kestrel ( Falco tinnunculus ), black redstart ( Phoenicurus ochruros ), peregrine falcon ( Falco peregrinus ), Alpine Accentor ( Prunella collaris ), Corncrake ( Crex crex ), jackdaw ( Corvus monedula ), long-eared owl ( Asio otus ), wood pigeon ( Columba palumbus ), skylark ( Alauda arvensis ), lesser spotted eagle ( Aquila pomarina ), golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) Rough-legged Buzzard ( Buteo cinereus ), Stieglitz ( Carduelis carduelis ) Wiedehopf ( Upupa epops ), devil ( Cuculus canorus ), blackbird ( Turdus rustica ), Harrier ( Circus cyaneus ), Siskin ( Carduelis spinus ) oriole ( Oriolus oriolus ), Neuntöter ( Lanius collurio ), goldenhammer ( Emberiza citrinella ), white wagtail ( Motacilla alba ), wood sandpiper ( Tringa ochropus ), crested lark ( Galerida cristata ), black warbler ( Sylvia nisoria ).
Reptiles
Among the reptiles the following types are included in the National Park Piatra Craiului found: Zauneidechse ( Lacerta agilis ), Eastern Green lizard ( Lacerta viridis ), dice snake ( Natrix tessellata ) Schlingnatter ( Coronella austriaca ), blindworm ( Anguis fragilis ), Ringelnatter ( Natrix natrix ), viper ( Vipera berus ).
Amphibians
The amphibians of the National Park Piatra Craiului are represented by: yellow-bellied toad ( Bombina variegata ), northern crested newt ( Triturus cristatus ), Alpine newt ( Triturus alpestris ), Smooth Newt ( Triturus vulgaris ), agile frog ( Rana dalmatina ), common frog ( Rana temporaria ), Common Tree Frog ( Hyla arborea ), fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ).
fishes
The following three types of fish can be found: the barbel ( Barbus meridionalis ), the brook lamprey ( Eudontomyzon mariae ) and the bullhead ( Cottus gobio ).
Web links
- pcrai.ro , official website of the Piatra-Craiului National Park
- franks-travelbox.com , Piatra-Craiului National Park
- egotrek.com , Piatra-Craiului National Park (Königstein National Park)
- rumaenien-info.com , Piatra-Craiului National Park
Individual evidence
- ↑ cercetare , Scientific Research
- ↑ pcrai.ro , History of the Piatra Craiului National Park
- ↑ a b egotrek.com , Piatra Craiului National Park
- ↑ oldberlin.mae.ro ( Memento from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), Piatra Craiului National Park (Königstein)
- ↑ a b c d e pcrai.ro , Flora
- ↑ pcrai.ro , fauna
- ↑ a b mamifere , List of Mammals in the Piatra Craiului National Park
- ↑ pasari , List of birds in the Piatra Craiului National Park
- ↑ a b c pesti , fish, reptiles, amphibians in the Piatra Craiului National Park
