Apuseni Nature Park
| Apuseni Nature Park | |||
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| Location: | Alba , Romania | ||
| Next city: | Bihor County , Alba County and Cluj County | ||
| Founding: | 1990 | ||
The Apuseni Natural Park (also Natural Park Apuseni Mountains , Romanian Parcul Natural Apuseni ) is a protected area of IUCN category V in protected landscape in Apuseni Mountains , in western Romania . The nature park extends over an area of 75,784 hectares in the districts of Bihor , Alba and Cluj .
description
The Apuseni Nature Park was founded on January 27, 1990 and declared a nature reserve in 2000. On October 8th, 2009 he received the European Destinations of Excellence (EDEN) award for tourism and protected zone from the European Commission in Brussels .
The Apuseni Nature Park is located in the central-eastern part of the Romanian Western Carpathians. Characteristic for the Romanian Western Carpathians is the diversity of the karst landscape: deep gorges and high ridges made of limestone, bizarre cave and rocky landscapes, springs and rivers that cut their way through the limestone mountains. The highest peak is the 1848 m high Curcubata Mare .
The Apuseni Nature Park is divided into several nature reserves of floristic , faunistic , scenic , speleological or geological importance:
In the Alba district:
Scărișoara Cave , Coiba Mare Cave , Vârtop Ice Cave Hoanca Urzicarului , Cotețul Dobreştilor Spring , Mătişeşti Spring , Tăuzului Spring .
In Bihor County:
Avenul Borţigului , Valea Ponorului , Fâneaţa Izvoarelor Crişul Pietro , Groapa de la Bârsa , Groapa Ruginoasa , Cetatea-Rădesei Cave , Pietrele Boghii , Pietrele Galbenei , Poiana Florilor , PADI's Summit , Sighiştelului Valley , Galbenei Valley , Lumea pierdută , ice cave Focul Viu , Micula Cave , Ciur Izbuc Cave , Onceasa Dragon Cave , Săritoarea Bohodeiului , Deer Cave , Biserica Moțului Peak , Cârligați Peak .
In Cluj County:
fauna
The fauna of the Apuseni Natural Park is represented by mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians, some of which are on the red list of endangered species .
Mammals :
Red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ), roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), brown bear ( Ursus arctos ), wolf ( Canis lupus ), wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), pied red fox ( Vulpes vulpes crucigera ), lynx ( Lynx ), wild cat ( Felis silvestris ), pine marten ( Martes martes ), otter ( Lutra lutra ), squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris ), European polecat ( Mustela putorius ), ermine ( Mustela erminea ), brown-breasted hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus ), European mole ( Talpa europaea ), alpine shrew ( Sorex alpinus ), shrew ( Sorex Araneus ), water shrew ( Neomys fodiens ) Siebenschläfer ( Glis glis ), vole ( Microtus arvalis ) Barbastelle ( Barbastella barbastellus ), water bat ( Myotis daubentonii ) Zwergfledermaus ( Pipistrellus pipistrellus ), greater horseshoe bat ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ), brown long-eared ( Plecotus auritus );
Birds :
Auerhuhn ( Tetrao urogallus ), Golden Eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia ) Schreiadler ( Aquila pomarina ), Raven ( Corvus Corax ) Goldcrests ( Regulus regulus ), blackbird ( Turdus rustica ), dipper ( Cinclus cinclus ), Schwarzspecht ( dryocopus Martius ), Dreizehenspecht ( Picoides tridactylus ), Red-footed ( Falco vespertinus ) Bachstelze ( Motacilla alba ), Gimpel ( Pyrrhula pyrrhula ) Misteldrossel ( Turdus viscivorus ), Stieglitz ( Carduelis carduelis ), Sperber ( Accipiter nisus ).
Fish :
Brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ), rainbow trout ( Salmo gairderi and S. irideus ), brown trout ( Truite fario ), roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), wolffish ( Cobitis taenia ), nose ( Chondrostoma nasus ), European grayling ( Thymallus thymallus ), chub ( Squalius thymallus ) cephalus ), minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus ), barb ( Barbus barbus );
Reptiles and Amphibians :
Wall lizard ( Podarcis muralis ), forest lizard ( Zootoca vivipara ), adder ( Vipera berus ), slow worm ( Anguis fragilis ), Aesculapian snake ( Elaphe longissima ), smooth snake ( Coronella austriaca ), fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ).
flora
The flora of the Apuseni Nature Park is represented by:
Conifers :
European silver fir ( Abies alba ), Norway spruce ( Picea abies ), larch ( Larix ), pine ( Pinus ), European yew ( Taxus baccata ), European larch ( Larix decidua ), Swiss stone pine ( Pinus cembra ).
European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), English oak ( Quercus robur ), sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ), ash ( Fraxinus ), Linden ( Tilia ), sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus ), hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), field maple ( Acer campestre ), hanging Birch ( Betula pendula ), sycamore elm ( Ulmus glabra ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), bird cherry ( Cerasus avium ), real walnut ( Juglans regia ), rowanberry ( Sorbus aucuparia ), aspen ( Populus tremula ), willow ( Salix ) , Common willow ( Salix caprea ), black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ).
Shrubs :
Mountain pine ( Pinus mugo ), cornel cherry ( Cornus mas ), common hazel ( Corylus avellana ), blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus ), raspberry ( Rubus idaeus ), blueberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), common lilac ( Syringa vulgaris ).
Lady's Slipper ( Cypripedium calceolus ), Campanula alpina ( Campanula alpina ), fen orchid ( Lipari loeselii ) pedicularis ( Pedicularis comosa ), knapweed ( Centaurea kotschyana ), carnation ( Dianthus tenuifolius ) Sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ), Steppe fennel ( Seseli rigidum ), Gentiana clusii ( Gentiana clusii ) helmet orchid ( orchis militaris ), angelica ( Angelica archangelica ), liverwort ( hepatica transsilvanica ), Lysimachia punctata ( Lysimachia punctata ), marsh Stendelwurz ( Epipactis palustris ), Ruprechtskraut ( Geranium robertianum ), Orange hawkweed ( Hieracium aurantiacum ), fountain liverwort ( Marchantia polymorpha ), Fritillaria ( Fritillaria montana ), onion Toothwort ( Dentaria bulbifera ), hogweed ( Heracleum palmatum ), Creeping Buttercup ( Ranunculus repens ), Anthyllis montana ( Anthyllis montana ), wood anemone ( Anemone nemorosa ), daffodil anemone ( Anemone narcissiflora ), Gl adioles ( Gladiolus imbricatus ).
Web links
- Parcul Natural Apuseni , website of the Western Carpathian Nature Park
Individual evidence
- ^ Protected Areas of National Importance in Romania , Law No. 5 of March 6, 2000
- ^ Embassy of Romania ( Memento of February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Western Carpathian Nature Park
- ↑ Bihor County Red List ( Memento from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 9, 2014
