Rodna Mountains National Park
| Rodna Mountains National Park | |||
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| Location: | Bistrița-Năsăud , Romania | ||
| Founding: | 2000 | ||
The Rodna National Park ( Romanian Parcul Naţional Munţii Rodnei ) is a protected area of IUCN category II in Rodna Mountains in northern Romania . It extends over an area of 46,399 hectares in the Maramureș and Bistrița-Năsăud districts .
Geographical location
The Rodna Mountains National Park can be reached by car on the European road E58 to Iacobeni , then on the national road DN 18 to Prislop , Borșa , Moisei , or on the European road E58 to Beclean , then on the national road DN 17C to Romuli , Săcel respectively on the national road DN 17D to Șanț .
history
In 1932, the Pietrosul Mare reserve was first placed under nature protection with an area of 182 hectares and later expanded to 3300 hectares. 1979 awarded UNESCO committee ' Man and the Biosphere Program in Paris the nature reserve status biosphere reserve . In its current form, the Rodna Mountains National Park was established in 2000. With a total area of over 46,000 hectares, the Rodna Mountains are the largest national park in Romania. About 80% of the nature park is in the Bistrița-Năsăud district, and almost 20% in the Maramureş district. In 2004, the nature park administration was founded, which is subordinate to the national forest authority Romsilva. The Rodna Mountains National Park was nominated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2014.
description
In the Rodna Mountains there are 28 glacial lakes , these represent one of the characteristic landscape elements of the Rodna Mountains and are at altitudes between 1800 and 1950 meters. The best known are the Buhăiescu Lake , the Iezer Lake , the Lala Lake and Ştiolu Lake . There are also numerous waterfalls and mofets . The national park comprises four strictly protected zones: Pietrosul Mare , Ineu-Lala , Bila-Lala and the Bătrâna spring . The scientific zones of the Rodna Mountains National Park include the Pietrosu Mare and Piatra Rea nature reserves in the north of the park. Wood processing is conditionally permitted in the Corungiș buffer zone. The geological karst phenomena are a special attraction in the Rodna Mountains Nature Park . There are several karst glaciers on the northern slope and a total of 72 caves in the limestone of the southern part , the most important of which are the Iza Blue Spring , the Baia lui Schneider and the Cobăşel Cave .
Geogology and hydrology
The remarkable height of the Rodna Mountains is the result of the petrographic composition and tectonic conditions. The mountain range is displayed in the form of a crystalline slate composite, surrounded by deep faults Horstes . On the southern edge of the Rodna Mountains there are volcanic rocks from the Neogene in the form of elevations. These are arranged along the geomorphological - hydrographic axis of the Somesh River . The sedimentary rocks of Cretan and Paleocene ages ( marl , sandstone , conglomerates and limestone ) give the relief characteristic features. From the entire Eastern Carpathian mountain range , the Rodna Mountains are the best preserved traces of the Quaternary glaciers . The glacier relief is well developed on the northern slope. On the southern slope, the glacier relief is less represented by Lalas Glacier Valley, with the most beautiful moraine in the Carpathians. The southern part of the Rodna Mountains is formed by a karst landscape with caves and gullies created by weathering, so-called carts . Examples of this are the Cascada Cailor and Valea Rea. The Rodna Mountains represent a hydrographic junction, with the outflow to the four rivers Goldene Bistrița , Great Somesch , Vişeu and Iza .
economy
The inhabitants of the region make their living from wood processing , 21 communities own forest areas in the Rodna Mountains National Park. These areas can only be used to a limited extent. The park administration has created tourism programs especially for ecotourism . Of the 10 programs, that of equestrian tourism received the best response. The most popular hiking routes are in the northern part of the national park. The sights have been monitored since 2005. Most of the guests visit the Cascada Cailor and Lake Ştiolu, as well as the main ridge of the Rodna Mountains, the Pietrosu-Mare.
flora
The Rodna Mountains National Park has a diverse flora. A total of 1200 vascular plant species , over 300 lichen species and over 200 moss species were identified and cataloged. The national park's red list of protected species includes over 270 animal and plant species. The best-known protected plant species, which is considered the park's landmark, is the Silene nivalis or fire carnation of the Rodna Mountains.
The spruce forests mix with fir and beech forests . Extensive alpine pastures , which are interrupted by rhododendrons , blueberry and cranberry bushes , cover wide areas. Rare sticky herbs ( Silene nivalis ), hogweed ( Heracleum carpaticum , Heracleum palmatum ), edelweiss ( Leontopodium alpinum ), yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ), rhododendron and curved pine ( Pinus montana ) grow on 30% of the Pietrosu Mare.
Among the conifers and shrubs you can find: silver fir ( Abies alba ), Norway spruce ( Picea Abies ), pine ( Pinus ), European larch ( Larix decidua ), Swiss stone pine ( Pinus cembra ), larch ( Larix ), European yew ( Taxus baccata ).
Deciduous trees and -stäucher National Park are: sessile oak ( Quercus petraea ), English oak ( Quercus robur ), beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), hornbeam ( Carpinus betulus ), sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus ), small-leaved linden ( Tilia cordata ), common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), sycamore elm ( Ulmus glabra ), Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ), field maple ( Acer campestre ), silver birch ( Betula pendula ), bird cherry ( Prunus avium ), aspen ( Populus tremula ), Green alder ( Alnus viridis ), black alder ( Alnus glutinosa ), white willow ( Salix alba ), sal willow ( Salix caprea ).
A variety of vascular plants, including rare to endemic species, thrive here: Transylvanian alpine rose ( Rhododendron kotschyi ), alpine edelweiss ( Leontopodium alpinum ), medicinal angelica ( Angelica archangelica ), star daffodil ( Narcissus stellaris ), globe flower ( Trollius europaeus ), Hepatica ( Hepatica transsilvanica ), yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ), chess flower ( Fritillaria meleagris ), alpine motherwort ( Ligusticum mutellina ), hogweed ( Heracleum palmatum ), knapweed ( Centaurea kotschyana ), arnica ( Arnica montana ), dyer's chamomile ( Anthemis tinctoria ) , Nachtviolen ( Hesperis nivea ), meadow bellflower ( Campanula patula ), carnation ( Dianthus tenuifolius ), endemic Silene ( Lychnis nivalis ), Silene acaulis ( Silene acaulis ), sundew ( Drosera rotundifolia ), crowberry ( Empetrum nigrum ), mountain -Hauswurz ( sempervivum montanum ), Small beams Same ( Silene pusilla ) Gemeines Fettkraut ( Pinguicula vul garis ) Alpine butterwort ( Pinguicula alpina ), fever clover ( Menyanthes trifoliata ), shield-leaved buttercup ( Ranunculus thora ), Aconitum toxicum , high cowslip ( Primula elatior ), Hungarian soldanelle ( Soldanella hungarica ), dwarf primrose ( Primula minima ), lashed man's shield ( Androsace chamaejasme ), spleen herbs ( Chrysosplenium alpinum ), burnt orchid ( Orchis ustulata ).
fauna
As for fauna, over 2000 animal species have been cataloged in the last 30 years. Some of these invertebrates are specific to the park. The big animals are well represented in the Rodna Mountains: wolves , bears , lynxes , deer , roe deer , foxes , ibexes . The ibex, which is a protected species in Romania, are counted twice a year, in spring and autumn. More than 100 ibexes live in the Rodna Mountains.
The endangered chamois and marmots were successfully settled in this region after the Second World War. Other protected animals are the red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), the Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ), the pine marten ( Martes martes ), the roe deer and the wolf ( Canis lupus ). Chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra ), Alpenmurmeltier ( Marmota marmota ), Brown Bear ( Ursus arctos ), otters ( Lutra lutra ), Eurasian Lynx ( Lynx lynx ), wild cats ( Felis silvestris ), stone marten ( Martes foina ), weasels ( Mustela nivalis ) Rotfuchs ( Vulpes vulpes ), wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), squirrel ( Sciurus vulgaris ), Tatra vole ( Microtus tatricus ), forest birch mouse ( Sicista betulina ), earth vole ( Microtus agrestis ), field mouse ( Microtus arvalis ), European mole ( Talpa europaea ), small Mouse-eared ( Myotis blythii ), Great Mouse-eared ( Myotis myotis ).
Among the bird species include the golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ), boreal owl ( Aegolius funereus ), hazel grouse ( Tetrastes bonasia ), nightjar ( Caprimulgus europaeus ), Dotterel ( Charadrius morinellus ), Black Stork ( Ciconia nigra ), white-backed woodpecker ( Dendrocopos leucotos ), black woodpecker ( Dryocopus Martius ), Dreizehenspecht ( Picoides tridactylus ), flycatcher ( Ficedula parva ), Collared ( Ficedula albicollis ), pygmy ( Glaucidium passerinum ) Neuntöter ( lanius collurio ), Buzzard ( Pernis apivorus ), grouse ( Tetrao urogallus ) Habichtskauz ( Strix uralensis ) dwarf Adler ( Hieraaetus pennatus ), scops owl ( Otus scops ), eagle owl ( Bubo bubo ), little owl ( Athene noctua ), white stork ( Ciconia ciconia ), gray heron ( Ardea cinerea ), common raven ( Corvus corax ), black grouse ( Lyrurus tetrix ).
Among the reptiles and amphibians are encountered: Zauneidechse ( Lacerta agilis ), Eastern Green lizard ( Lacerta viridis ), dice snake ( Natrix tessellata ) Schlingnatter ( Coronella austriaca ), Äskulapnatter ( Elaphe longissima ), wall lizard ( Podarcis muralis ) blindworm ( Anguis fragilis ) , Ringelnatter (Natrix natrix), viper ( Vipera berus ), Gelbbauchunke ( Bombina variegata ), northern crested newt ( Triturus cristatus ), Bergmolch ( Triturus alpestris ) newt ( Triturus vulgaris ), Spring frog ( Rana dalmatina ), frog ( Rana temporaria ) European tree frog ( Hyla arborea ) fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ).
Brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario ), grayling ( Thymallus thymallus ) and minnow ( Phoxinus phoxinus ) live in the rivers .
Web links
- parcrodna.ro , website of the Rodna Mountains National Park
- books.google.de , Birgitta Gabriela Hanover: Transylvania around Kronstadt, Schäßburg and Hermannstadt
Individual evidence
- ↑ natura2000.ro ( Memento of October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Lista siturilor de importanță comunitară ( Romanian )
- ↑ a b c oldberlin.mae.ro ( Memento from February 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Rodna National Park
- ↑ a b c d e old.rri.ro , The Rodna Mountains National Park
- ↑ cotidianul.ro , Parcul Național Munții Rodnei, propus să facă parte din patrimoniul mondial pentru natură ( Romanian )
- ↑ geografie.ubbcluj.ro , Ecotourism in the Rodna Mountains National Park
- ↑ a b c d e f eunis.eea.europa.eu ( Memento from January 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), Munții Rodnei. Ecological information: Fauna and Flora mentioned in site
