Muránska Planina National Park

Muránska planina National Park Národný park Muránska planina
Muránska planina
Coordinates: 48 ° 47 ′ 0 ″  N , 20 ° 2 ′ 0 ″  E
Location:	Banskobystrický , Slovakia
Next city:	Brezno , Tisovec , Revúca
Surface:	203.18 km²
Founding:	October 1, 1997
Address:	Sprava Národného parku Muránska planina Janka Kráľa 12 050 01 Revúca www.npmp.sk

The National Park Muránska planina ( Slovakian Národný park Muránska planina ) is a Slovak national park almost exactly in the heart of the country. The area of ​​the national park covers both the Muránska planina mountains of the same name (German for "Muraner Plateau") and parts of the neighboring mountains Veporské vrchy and Stolické vrchy , all part of the Slovak Ore Mountains . Founded in 1997, the park is one of the younger national parks in Slovakia. The predecessor was the landscape protection area declared in 1976.

The administrative seat is in Revúca .

geography

Cigánka Mountain (935 m nm) above the Muráň commune

The whole national park is located in the political district of Banskobystrický kraj (Okresy Brezno , Revúca and Rimavská Sobota ). The size of the core zone is 203.18 km², that of the protection zone 216.98 km², a total of 420.16 km². The heart of the park consists of limestone and dolomite plateaus with various karst formations . The length of the karst landscape that stretches from the village of Červená Skala (part of the municipality of Šumiac ) to the town of Tisovec is about 25 km. There are more than 150 caves, 15 gullies and more than 50 sinks and springs in the park. However, none of the caves are open to the public. The longest known cave system is called Bobačka and is about 3 km long.

The streams of the mountains are drained by the rivers Hron , Rimava and Muráň (the last two tributaries of the Slaná ).

The highest mountain in the national park is the Fabova hoľa ( 1439  m nm ), in the protection zone far to the east lies the higher Stolica ( 1476  m nm ). NB: The highest point of the Muránska planina is the Kľak with 1409 m nm

Flora and fauna

Hutsuls in the national park

About 86% of the national park is forested. Oak and hornbeam occur in layers from 500 to 700 m nm . Beeches dominate further up to 1000 m nm and spruce above this height . Mountain pines can also be found here and there. Since no mountain protrudes beyond the tree line, pastures are a consequence of human activity, especially of shepherds. The flora shows a biodiversity and variety of species. 1150 plant species are known, 97 of which are legally protected and 35 are endemic and sub-endemic. The climatic and landscape characteristics cause a diversity in the plant world: warm and dry-loving plants grow on the sunny southern slopes. In contrast, subalpine and alpine plants grow on the northern slopes. The endemic and symbol of the national park is the Slovak daphne ( Daphne arbuscula ), which only grows in these mountains, or the Slovak endemic Carpathian scotland ( Erysimum wittmanni ).

The fauna depends on the vegetation levels. Some of the species correspond to those in the whole of Slovakia, but some are specific to this national park. The species diversity of invertebrates is represented by 450 beetles, 350 butterflies, almost 300 spiders, around 200 two-winged, 75 molluscs, and 40 double and centipede species. Vertebrates are represented with 127 bird, 69 mammal, 10 amphibian and 9 reptile species. Some birds of prey that can be seen: saker falcon , lesser spotted eagle , golden eagle and honey buzzard . 22 bat species have been identified to date. A specialty of the national park is the breeding of semi-wild horses : it is the Noriker of the Muraner type as well as Hutsuls .

tourism

About 300 km of marked hiking trails run through the national park. In addition to nature, you can also visit ruins of Muráň Castle . There are few ski resorts on the north side, such as Polomka or Pohorelá . Typical starting points are Tisovec , Muráň and Červená Skala , as well as Závadka nad Hronom and the Zbojská pass.

Special nature protection

Veľká lúka (literally Big Meadow)

Veľká Stožka (left) seen from the Randavica saddle

• Národné prírodné rezervácie (NPR, National Nature Reserves)

Cigánka (44.25 ha, since 1984) Hrdzavá (357.19 ha, 1986) Javorníková (170.65 ha, 1986) Kášter (57.73 ha, 1984) Malá Stožka (59.61 ha, 1965)

Poludnica (330.43 ha, 1984) Šarkanica (454.75 ha, 1984) Šiance (132.06 ha, 1999) Veľká Stožka (259.21 ha, 1965) Zlatnica (154.06 ha, 1993)

• Národné prírodné pamiatky (NPP, National Natural Monuments)

Bobačka (since 2001)

• Prírodné pamiatky (PP, natural monuments)

Wesselényiho jaskyňa (since 1994)

• Prírodné rezervácie (PR, nature reserves)

Fabova hoľa (261.75 ha, since 1988) Havrania dolina (229.67 ha, 1996) Mašianske skalky (16.93 ha, 1980)

Mokrá Poľana (13.52 ha, 2000) Nad Furmancom (2.78 ha, 2003) Zlatnianske skalky (30.67 ha, 1981)

literature

• Ján Lacika, Kliment Ondrejka: Prírodné Krásy Slovenska - Národné parky . Ed .: DAJAMA. 1st edition. Bratislava 2009, ISBN 978-80-89226-27-6 .

Web links

• Official site of the administration (Slovak)