Protected landscape area of ​​Štiavnické vrchy

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Protected landscape area Štiavnické vrchy
Chránená krajinná oblasť Štiavnické vrchy
Počúvadlo lake, a tajch in the protected landscape area
Počúvadlo lake, a tajch in the protected landscape area
Protected landscape area Štiavnické vrchy (Slovakia)
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Coordinates: 48 ° 28 ′ 0 ″  N , 18 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  E
Location: Banskobystrický , Nitriansky , Slovakia
Next city: Banská Štiavnica , Krupina , Nová Baňa , Žarnovica
Surface: 776.30 km²
Founding: 22nd September 1979
Address: Správa CHKO Štiavnické vrchy
Radničné námestie 18
969 01 Banská Štiavnica
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The protected landscape area Štiavnické vrchy ( Slovak Chránená krajinná oblasť Štiavnické vrchy ) is a protected landscape area in the middle of Slovakia . It covers both the Štiavnické vrchy (German Schemnitzer Berge ) and lies almost entirely in the political district of Banskobystrický kraj (Okresy Banská Štiavnica , Krupina , Zvolen , Žarnovica and Žiar nad Hronom ), with smaller parts in the Nitriansky kraj ( Okres Levice ). With its extension of 776.30 km², it is considered the largest protected landscape area in Slovakia and, unlike many other Slovak nature reserves, not only nature but also the monuments associated with historical settlement and mining are the subject of protection here.

The seat of the administration is located in Banská Štiavnica , which lies in the middle of the protected area.

geography

Štiavnické vrchy

The protected landscape area is located in the Štiavnické vrchy Mountains, which are an old, extinct volcanic mountain range belonging to the Slovak Central Uplands . Most of it is shaped by several generations of the tertiary stratovolcanoes affected by erosion , with locally occurring basalt rocks . The center of the 2,000 km² stratovolcano of Štiavnica was in the vicinity of Banská Štiavnica. After the end of the volcanic activity, the erosion continued to shape the landscape and thus some deposits of slate , limestone and dolomite are present in the middle of the volcanic rock . The highest part of the mountain is the Sitnianska vrchovina , with the highest mountain Sitno ( 1009  m nm ). A depression lies at the site of the former caldera of the Štiavnica stratovolcano. There the dominant is the mountain Kalvária ( 749  m nm ).

The area of the PLA is by municipalities approximately at the line ladomerská vieska - Hronská Dúbrava - Krupina - Hontianske Nemce - Bátovce - Pukanec - Tlmače - Žarnovica limited -Ladomerská Vieska, important communities within the area are next to Banská Štiavnica Banská Belá , Hodruša- Hámre , Štiavnické Bane and Svätý Anton .

The area belongs to the catchment area of Hron and Ipeľ . Usually only small streams flow from the mountains: the most important rivers are the Jasenica , Sikenica , Štiavnica and Teplá. There are very few natural lakes; the only known one is the Žakýlske pleso near Podhorie . The system of artificial lakes, the so-called tajchy (singular tajch , German pond), is more characteristic of the landscape . They were originally built in the 18th century to keep the risk of water ingress in the mines low and at the same time to generate water energy for the poorly supplied area. At that time, a total of 60 of these lakes were built. Today 23 (or 24) are left and are largely used for recreational activities.

Flora and fauna

Veľký Krivín rock above the Hron river

About two thirds of the CHKO area is forested. In the central depression, large areas around the former mines have been deforested, but are almost completely surrounded by a forest ring. Fir , spruce and pine trees mostly grow there . The northern limit of the distribution of oak trees and Tatar steppe maples runs in the south-exposed locations . In the forests, however, you can also find tree species that even come from North America. This goes back to the establishment of a forest institute in 1807, which in 1824 became part of the Berg- und Forstakademie . Another concentration of alien species can be found in and around the Kysihýbel arboretum (between Banská Štiavnica and Banský Studenec ).

Due to the climatic characteristics, both warmth-loving plants grow here, some of which are the northern limit of their distribution, as well as mountain plants from the Carpathian Mountains. Some examples of the plants: hairy awl grass , crown carnation and hot stonecrop from the warmth-loving plants, in places large pasque flower , multi-colored saffron , in the northern layers cranberries , blueberries and three-leaved Waldsteinien .

From the animal world, birds with species such as the spotted eagle , common buzzard and tawny owl as well as many songbird species are represented. Large carnivores include the lynx and the wild cat . Striking in the area are butterflies such as swallowtail and sail butterfly , the endangered European praying mantis , stag beetles and alpine buck live from the insects . Several bat species found their new home in the abandoned mine tunnels. B. Greater horseshoe bat , lesser horseshoe bat , great mouse- eared bat or pipistrelle bat .

Special protection

Mount Sitno
  • Národné prírodné rezervácie (NPR, National Nature Reserves)
Kašivárová (49.8 ha, since 1926)
Sitno (93.68 ha, 1951)
  • Prírodné pamiatky (PP, natural monuments)
Kapitulské bralá (36.99 ha, since 1993)
Krupinské bralce (0.69 ha, 1975)
Putikov vŕšok (21.06 ha, 1997)
Sixova stráň (0.83 ha, 1985)
Vyhniansky travertín (0.356 ha, 1986)
Žakýlske pleso (6.38 ha, 1986)
  • Prírodné rezervácie (PR, nature reserves)
Bralce (13.52 ha, since 1965)
Gajdošovo (18.28 ha, 2002)
Hulík (31.98 ha, 1966)
Holý vrch (16.8 ha, 1988)
Jabloňovský Roháč (64.64 ha, 1950)
Kamenné more (13.3 ha, 1923)
Kamenný jarok (65.1 ha, 1993)
Kojatín (68.63 ha, 1997)
Krivín (54.15 ha, 1993)
Szaboóva skala (11.89 ha, 1907)
  • Chránené areály (CHA, Protected Areas)
Arborétum Kysihýbeľ (7.54 ha, since 1950)
Banskoštiavnická botanická záhrada (3.55 ha, 1958)
Banskoštiavnická kalvária (5.34 ha, 1986)
Michalské rašelinisko (0.085 ha, 1997)

Source:

literature

  • Ján Lacika, Kliment Ondrejka: Prírodné Krásy Slovenska - Chránené krajinné oblasti . Ed .: DAJAMA. 1st edition. Bratislava 2009, ISBN 978-80-89226-29-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Banská Štiavnica , portal.gov.sk, accessed on August 28, 2011
  2. ↑ Štátny zoznam osobitne chránených častí prírody SR

Web links