Low rush

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Low pond ridge
Low pond ridge (Schoenoplectiella supina), left in the illustration, 1a-d

Low pond ridge ( Schoenoplectiella supina ), left in the illustration, 1a-d

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Schoenoplectiella
Type : Low pond ridge
Scientific name
Schoenoplectiella supina
( L. ) Lye

The lying pond rush ( Schoenoplectiella supina ), also called low pond rush or dwarf pond rush , is a species of the genus Schoenoplectiella within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It is widespread in the Old World in Eurasia , Western Asia , Central Asia , the Indian subcontinent , northern to tropical Africa and Madagascar, and South America .

description

Appearance and leaf

The low pond rush grows as a deciduous, annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 3 to 15, to rarely 20 to 30 centimeters. It forms small clumps . They have fiber roots . Of the stems , the middle is upright and the side is spread out, prostrate to ascending. With a diameter of 1 to 1.7 millimeters, the stems are round or triangular, greenish. The stem base is covered with two or three leaf sheaths. The leaf sheaths are light green, membranous, 2 to 6 inches long. Only on the top one or two leaf sheaths are short, hollow leaf blades.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends in Central Europe from July to September; In China, the flowering time and the ripening of the fruits are between July and September or November and January. With 1.5 to 12 centimeters, the upright spiral bract is half as long to about as long as the stem and acts like the extension of the stem. The pseudo-lateral (apparently lateral), umbrella-shaped inflorescence contains one to six, rarely up to ten, seated, densely packed spikelets. The brown spikelets are 4 to 10 millimeters long and 2 to 3 millimeters wide, more or less narrowly ovate or elongated with a slightly pointed upper end and contain many flowers that are somewhat densely packed.

The husks are 3 to 4 millimeters long, egg-shaped, bluntly tapered and then briefly pointed, but not awn-like prickly pointed, they are brown to brown-red with a green central nerve or they are 1.8 to 2.5 millimeters long, elliptical with more or less blunt as well as a spiked upper end and boat-shaped with raised, green, three-veined keel and membranous edges. Only rarely, at most rudimentary perianth bristles, are present. The approximately 1.5 millimeter long stylus ends in three pits .

When ripe, the black nut fruit is 1 to 1.3 millimeters wide, obovate and triangular, more or less clear, both ends suddenly narrow and the upper end is prickly.

The basic chromosome number is x = 14; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 28.

ecology

The low pond sill is a therophyte .

The pollination is carried by the wind. The low pond rush is self-compatible, so self-fertilization successfully leads to seed set.

The diaspores , it is the nut fruits, spread through water or Velcro.

Occurrence and endangerment

The Schoenoplectiella supina is widespread in the Old World in Eurasia , Western Asia , Central Asia , on the Indian subcontinent, in northern to tropical Africa and Madagascar, and in South America . The exact original distribution area is not known for sure. There are sites on the Canary Islands , Spain , France , Germany , Poland , Austria , Switzerland (only in southern Ticino), Italy , Hungary , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Slovenia , Serbia , Croatia , Romania , Bulgaria , Moldova , Greece , in Turkey , Ukraine , Crimea , Russia , Iran , Lebanon , Syria , Israel , Algeria , Egypt , Sudan , Senegal , Mali , Nigeria , Togo , Madagascar, Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Sri Lanka , India , Pakistan , Nepal , Myanmar , Thailand , Malaysia , Indonesia , the Philippines , Vietnam , Taiwan, China ( Anhui , Guangdong , Guangxi , Hainan , southern Jiangsu , Xinjiang , Yunnan ) and the Brazilian states of Paraná , Rio Grande do Sul , Santa Catarina , in the Argentine province of Corrientes and in Paraguay only in the Alto Paraguay department . In many other areas it is a neophyte and is considered an invasive plant in some countries .

In Europe , the low pond rush occurs mainly in the warmer areas, northwards to northern France, northern Germany and Poland. It does not occur consistently anywhere in Central Europe , but on the other hand it occurs unexpectedly, for example on the bottom of drained ponds . Occasionally they are found on the Upper Rhine and the Upper Danube ; it is rare at the foot of the Alps .

In Germany it is considered rare, is in decline, occurs very scattered and is partly lost; very rare in the central Upper Rhine plain, practically disappeared in Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg, in Franconia only old finds are known. For the German federal states for which there is information about the location: Baden-Württemberg is endangered; Lower Saxony and Rhineland-Palatinate threatened with extinction; Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Saxony-Anhalt became extinct.

The low pond rush thrives best on base-rich , temporarily flooded mud soils that have not yet been populated by the reeds .

The pointer values ​​according to Ellenberg are: light number L 8 = half-light to full-light plant; Temperature number T 7 = heat indicator; Continental number K = indifferent behavior; Humidity number F 8 = humidity to wetness indicator; Change in humidity = showing flooding; Reaction number R 7 = weak acid to weak base pointer; Nitrogen number N 3 = indicating nitrogen poverty, more common on low-nitrogen locations; Salt number S 0 = not bearing salt; it is not resistant to heavy metals.

In Germany, the main occurrence of the low pond ridge is in short-lived mud bottom pioneer corridors. The low pond rush characteristic of the class dwarf rush communities Isoeto-Nanojuncetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943.

The low pond sill is endangered throughout Central Europe. The low pond sedge was classified as critically endangered in Germany's Red List of Endangered Plant Species in 1996. According to the Bavarian Red List 2003, it is considered extinct there. In Switzerland it is only found in southern Ticino , where it is considered “critically endangered” (CR), while it is extinct in the other Swiss cantons.

Systematics

It was first published in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Scirpus supinus by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, p. 49. The specific epithet supinus / supina means curved backwards. The new combination to Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye took place in 2003 by Kaare Arnstein Lye in Schoenoplectiella Lye, called nov. (Cyperaceae). in Lidia , Volume 6, p. 27. Other synonyms for Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye : Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla , Schoenoplectus melanospermus (CAMey.) Grossh. , Cyperus supinus (L.) Missbach & EHLKrause , Heleophylax supinus (L.) Schinz & Thell. , Isolepis supina (L.) R.Br. , Isolepis simillima Steud. , Isolepis pentasticha Boeckeler , Isolepis striolata Nees ex Boeckeler , Scirpus tristachyos Zoll. ex Steud. nom. inval., Scirpus lateralis Forssk. Vitman , Scirpus halleri , Scirpus mucronatus Roxb. nom. illeg., Scirpus melanospermus C.A.Mey. , Scirpus adscendens Willd. ex Kunth , Scirpus natans Bojer nom. illeg., Scirpus polycoleus De Not. , Scirpus guaraniticus Pedersen , Scirpus supinus var. Minimus Boiss. , Scirpus supinus var. Glomeratus A. Terracc. , Scirpus supinus var. Melanospermus (Camey.) Schmalh. , Scirpus supinus var. Densicorrugatus Tang & FTWang , Schoenoplectus supinus subsp. densicorrugatus (Tang & FTWang) S.Yun Liang & SRZhang . There are no more subtaxas .

Their systematic position is controversial. It was placed in 1889 by Eduard Palla as Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla in To the knowledge of the genus Scirpus in Botanical Yearbooks for Systematics, Plant History and Plant Geography , Volume 10, p. 299 in the genus Schoenoplectus newly established by him . This was not recognized by numerous later editors due to ambiguities in the definition, so they left this species in a large genus Scirpus , which is rich in forms . After the revision by Kaare Arnstein Lye , she was included again in Schoenoplectus . Studies that are mainly based on molecular genetic methods (comparison of homologous DNA sequences ) have shown that this genus Schoenoplectus s. l. in the conventional sense presumably does not represent a natural unit and belongs to the genera Schoenoplectus s. st. and Schoenoplectiella must be broken down; these are not sister groups . The correct name is therefore Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye . This change has not yet been made in many florists and databases.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 5: Swan flowers to duckweed plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 8: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3359-8 .
  • Song-Yun Liang, Gordon C. Tucker, Tetsuo Koyama: Schoenoplectus (Reichenbach) Palla : Schoenoplectus supinus (Linnaeus) Palla , p. 188 - online with the same text as the printed work , Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds .): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, August 20, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 (Description and Distribution Sections)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s lying pond sill ( Schoenoplectus supinus ). In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye - data sheet at African Plant Database of the CJB = Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques & South African National Biodiversity Institute .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Song-Yun Liang, Gordon C. Tucker, Tetsuo Koyama: Schoenoplectus (Reichenbach) Palla : Schoenoplectus supinus (Linnaeus) Palla , p. 188 - the same text online as the printed work , Wu Zheng -yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, August 20, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Schoenoplectus supinus data sheet at InfoFlora, the national data and information center for Swiss flora.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f low pond sedge ( Schoenoplectus supinus ) - data sheet from S. Klotz, I. Kühn, W. Durka (Ed.), 2002: BiolFlor - A database on biological-ecological characteristics of vascular plants in Germany . ( Memento of the original from March 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.ufz.de
  6. ^ Scirpus supinus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ Schoenoplectus supinus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ Data sheet from Schede di Botanica - Flora Italiana .
  9. ↑ a b c Schoenoplectiella supina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 17, 2015.
  10. ↑ Schoenoplectiella supina in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.3. Posted by: RV Lansdown, 2013. Retrieved February 22, 2015.
  11. ↑ Pedro Jiménez-Mejías, Modesto Luceño, 2011: Cyperaceae. Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla - data sheet at Euro + Med Plantbase - The information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  12. ↑ Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye (dwarf pond sill) - data sheet from Flora von Germany , version 2.51
  13. ↑ Lying pond sedge (Schoenoplectus supinus) - in the data sheet with identification aid for flowers in Swabia .
  14. ↑ a b Low pond sedge ( Schoenoplectus supinus ) - profile on the vascular plants of Bavaria of the Botanical Information Node Bavaria = BIB - a project of the Flora of Bavaria working group . ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bayernflora.de
  15. ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
  16. ↑ a b Schoenoplectus supinus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed February 24, 2015.
  17. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Schoenoplectiella supina. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 18, 2015.
  18. ^ Palla scanned in 1889 at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  19. ↑ Derek R. Shiels, Diana L. Hurlbut, Samantha K. Lichtenwald, Anna K. Monfils: Monophyly and Phylogeny of Schoenoplectus and Schoenoplectiella (Cyperaceae): Evidence from Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences. In: Systematic Botany , Volume 39, Issue 1, 2014, pp. 132-144. doi : 10.1600 / 036364414X678198
  20. ↑ Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye - data sheet at eMonocot .

Web links

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