Whether the Staig

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Johann Majer: Ducatus Wurtenbergici cum Locis limitaneis ... 1710. On the edges of the map the coats of arms of the Württemberg cities: left Unt. the Staig , right Ob der Staig .

Geographically, the Duchy of Württemberg was divided into the regions Ob der Staig and Unter der Staig , also called Oberland and Unterland . The division referred to the (Alte) Weinsteige in Stuttgart and was important in various matters of justice and administration.

geography

Which cities and offices belonged to which part of the country is specified in Johann Gottlieb Breyer's Elementa Iuris Publici Wirtembergici in detail.

Whether the Staig: Altensteig , Balingen , Stadtamt Blaubeuren , Böblingen , Calw with Zavelstein , Dornhan , Dornstetten , Ebingen , Freudenstadt , Herrenberg , Hornberg , Kirchheim , Leonberg , Liebenzell , Münsingen , Nagold , Neuenbürg , Neuffen , Nürtingen , Pfullingen , Rosenfeld , Sindelfingen , Steusslingen , Sulz , Tübingen , Tuttlingen , Urach , Wildbad , Wildberg with Bulach .

Under the Staig: Backnang , Beilstein , Besigheim , Bietigheim , Bottwar , Brackenheim , Cannstatt , Göppingen , Gröningen , Güglingen , Heidenheim , Heubach , Lauffen , Ludwigsburg , Marbach , Maulbronn , Möckmühl , Neuenstadt , Sachsenheim , Schorndorf , Stuttgart City, Stuttgart District Office , Vaihingen , Waiblingen , Weinsberg , Winnenden and the Bönnigheim newly acquired in 1785 .

The monastery offices , cloister master offices and the so-called Kammerschreibereigut (household property of the ducal family) are missing from this list; however, they can be classified as "fairly reliable" from a geographical point of view. The upper part of the country also included Alpirsbach , Bebenhausen , Blaubeuren monastery, Denkendorf , Hirsau , St. Georgen and part of the Herrenalb monastery (with the Merklingen office ), while the lower part of the country included: Adelberg , Gochsheim , Lorch , Murrhardt , the monastery offices in the Brenz valley (Anhausen, Herbrechtingen , Königsbronn ), the monastery-gentlemen's office in Derdingen , Weiltingen and Welzheim .

A locksmith's and gunsmith's regulation issued in 1717 shows some deviations: it assigns Göppingen and Heidenheim to the Oberland, but Denkendorf to the Unterland.

The distribution can be roughly described as follows: "If you [...] draw a line from Vayhingen to Stuttgart that Leonberg remains on the left, then from Stuttgart up the Neckar to Plochingen , and from there up the Vilß , to Göppingen, those places that are to the northeast are lower, and those to the southwest, Ob der Staig. "The eponymous Weinsteige stood pars pro toto for the mostly arduous traffic routes that come from the Stuttgart basin" over the mountain " led to the south and west of the country. On the Weinsteige one traveled to Tübingen, Balingen and Tuttlingen, also to Nürtingen and Urach, the Hasenbergsteige led to Böblingen, Leonberg and further into the Black Forest, the road over the Bopser to Kirchheim. The northern and eastern parts of the country could be reached in a more pleasant way: via the Galgensteige to Ludwigsburg, via Cannstatt into the Remstal, via Esslingen into the Filstal.

history

The wording whether the Staig zu Stuttgart appeared in a sales document as early as 1402, but only referred to a geographical location and had no official meaning. 1447 speaks of "Oberland" and "Unterland", which presumably referred to the division of Württemberg into a Stuttgart and an Urach part made in the Nürtingen Treaty in 1442 , but which ended in 1482 and differed significantly from the later division. The duality between under and whether the Staig was given official character at the latest with the first state building code of 1567: the Stuttgart city court for the lower part of the state and the Tübingen city court for the upper part should be the court of appeal in downfall matters. The third land law, drawn up under Duke Johann Friedrich and enacted in 1610, expanded this to include all court matters. From an ecclesiastical point of view, the two parts of the country were initially administered separately after the introduction of the Reformation in 1534, until a visitation college was created in 1547 , the forerunner of the later church council.

The responsibilities of the following higher authorities were divided into lower and upper regions:

  • The city ​​courts in Stuttgart and Tübingen acted as upper courts (appellate courts, third instance after the village courts and the courts of the local authorities). This distinction was abandoned in the 18th century.
  • A Tübingen professor of philosophy ob der Staig and the rector of the Stuttgart grammar school under the Staig officiated as pedagogue arch (supreme school supervisor); they were responsible for visiting the trivial schools in the duchy.
  • The medical colleges in Stuttgart and Tübingen were responsible for the supervision of the pharmacy system and the examination of prospective surgeons.
  • Two orphan bailiffs controlled the accounting of the hospital, poor box, orphan and other care.
  • Two land mill visitors checked the mills in the land.
  • There were craft shops in Stuttgart and Tübingen; In 1720 a third was built in Ludwigsburg.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Württemberg gained territory, especially in the south and east. In the new administrative division of what is now the kingdom, the old Württemberg division into top and bottom no longer played a role. As a result, the old meaning was lost. Today, Oberland is synonymous with Upper Swabia , the “New Württemberg” region between the Danube and Lake Constance, while Unterland refers to the area around Heilbronn.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Gottlieb Breyer : Elementa Iuris Publici Wirtembergici. 2nd Edition. Cotta, Tübingen 1787, pp. 129-131. ( Digital copy of the SLUB Dresden )
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Gottlieb Friedrich Rösler: Contributions to the natural history of the Duchy of Wirtemberg. Volume 1, Cotta, Tübingen 1788, pp. 17-20. ( Digitized in the Google book search)
  3. ↑ Collection of all of the craft regulations of the Duchy of Würtemberg , Volume 2, pp. 943–983, here in particular pp. 947–948. ( Digitized in the Google book search)
  4. ↑ This route ran on today's Nordbahnhofstrasse train on Prague , see top. Atlas of Württemberg 1: 50,000, sheet 16.
  5. ↑ Main State Archives Stuttgart, Württ. Regesten WR 12504a
  6. ^ A b c Carl Georg Wächter: Handbook of the private law applicable in the Kingdom of Württemberg. Volume 1, Stuttgart 1839, p. 280. ( Digitized in the Google book search)
  7. ↑ In 1534 the reformers Ambrosius Blarer and Erhard Schnepf were in charge of supervision . See August Ludwig Reyscher (Ed.): Complete, historically and critically edited collection of the Württemberg laws , Volume 9, Tübingen 1835, p. 70.
  8. ↑ Swabian magazine of learned things to the year 1775, p. 107 ( digitized in the Google book search)
  9. ↑ See e.g. B. Main State Archives Stuttgart A 206 Bü 815.
  10. ↑ Herzoglich-Wirtembergisches address book for the year 1788, p. 29.
  11. ↑ August Ludwig Reyscher (Ed.): Complete, historically and critically processed collection of the Württemberg laws. Volume 13, Tübingen 1842, p. 1246.