Okrouhličtí Dvořáci

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Okrouhličtí Dvořáci (German Okrauhlitzer Höfler , also Höflern , 1939–45 Okrauchlitzer Höfler ) is a former community in Okres Havlíčkův Brod in the Czech Republic. It was dissolved on July 1, 1960 and its district was added to the city of Havlíčkův Brod .

geography

Okrouhličtí Dvořáci consisted of numerous, in one to five kilometers away to the south and west of the city scattered monolayer and Rotten , which both sides of the state road I / 38 to Jihlava and I / 34 to Humpolec between the valleys of Šlapanka Potok Potok of Stříbrný and Úsobský to distribute.

history

After the town of Brod Smilonis was founded, in the middle of the 13th century, a belt of individual farms belonging to the citizens of Broder was laid out in its soft patch at a distance of one to two kilometers. The farms were not managed by the citizens themselves, but by free leaseholders who paid a fixed lap . The courtiers were initially completely free peasants and in the 14th century became subordinate to almost all obligations of the landlord. In contrast to the Bohemian courtyards , the courtiers were not enfeoffed by the land , they were in a hereditary emphyteutical relationship with the owners . The legal status of the courtiers is comparable to that of the Künischen free peasants , nowhere else in the Kingdom of Bohemia were the free courts as densely as around Brod Smilonis .

The villages Poděbaby and Gobldorf, the farmsteads Šenklhof , Raušnštan , Verneřuov , Pabianuov , Koranduov , Hertuov , the farms of Hayman Ryšavý, Jindřich Bihuš, Konrát Bielý, the Olman and Wilhelm families, the fields of four hooves in Ješuov , one hoof in Erhartuov , one hoof and the forest in Hercuov , one half hoof in Arnoltuov , the farms Werneřuov and Beranuov in Veselice and the farm Remelduov in Jeřnujeves are listed as accessories of the city. In the 14th century more courtyards were built; In 1339 the court of the judge's widow Eliška Verner, 1343 the court of Štěpán Lucie, 1379 the court of Mikuláš Göldner and court Tirmanshofen , 1382 the fortified court Haderburg and the Chudenhof and 1393 the court of Mikuláš Liphart. At that time the courtiers were spread out to a radius of five kilometers. It is assumed that the courtyards within sight of the mountain town also served to protect it and to warn of approaching enemy troops. The farms Ridlův dvůr, Mendlův dvůr, dvůr Kocmanův, Novotnův dvůr and Prchalův dvůr were close to Jihlava leading road, Baštinův dvůr on the road to Polná and Sidlakov, the courtyards Rauchštein , Haderburg, Šenklhofy and Šidlákův dvůr on the road to Přibyslav , Kyglhofy on the road to Ždírec , Pelestrov , Rožnak and Kotlasovy dvory on the road to Čáslav , Chudenhof, Valentův dvůr, Vítkův dvůr and Urbanův dvůr on the way to Humpolec , Veselice, Papšíkův dvůr and Spálený dvůr on the way to Okrouhlice and Svetla .

After the town of Deutschbrod had been conquered and destroyed by the Hussites under Jan Žižka in 1422 , Nikolaus Trčka von Lípa took possession of the town's property and added it to his Lipnitz castle . After the repopulation of Deutschbrod with the Czech population, the town with the Kotlasovy dvory, Primátorský dvůr and Obecní dvůr received only a small part of the courtiers. He made the other courtiers subordinate to his farms Chlístov and Klanečná. In 1496 there was a rebellion among the courtiers who wanted to have their old rights restored. After the death of Nikolaus Trčka von Lípa, the rule was divided between 1559 and 1561; the Světlá estate with the town of Chotěboř and the towns of Smrdov , Habry , Bělá and Dolní Město including about 70 villages fell to Burian Trčka from Lípa. In 1562 Franz von Thurn and Valsassina acquired the rule Deutschbrod, the Rychta der Höfler was separated from the town charter of Deutschbrod and assigned to the rule Světlá. In Urbar the rule Světlá of 1591 which the Höfler- are Rychtář listed in Veselice below halos around Deutschbrod: right of Sázava the courts Spálené dvory, Panuškovy dvory, Baštinův dvůr, Bartův dvůr, Berkův dvůr, Šenklyfy , Rauštan , Kylgyfy and Kloučkovy dvory; left of the river Baštinův dvůr, Kocmanovy dvory, Novotnův dvůr, Nyklperky, Škrlíkovy dvory, Štědromovy dvory and Pabšíkův dvůr. Poděbaby, Veselice and Termesivy were listed separately .

Jan Rudolf Trčka von Lípa , who had inherited the rule of Světlá in 1597 from his brother Maximilian, sold the village Suchá and the farms Termesivy, Spálené dvory, Pavučkovy dvory, Šenklhofy and Kylhofy to his Swietla captain Johann Güglinger von Kneislinger von Kneiselstein ( Jan Gyglinger zna ) in 1598 . The courtyards separated from the other dvořáci na samotách kolem Brodu ( courtiers in the desert around Brod ) were referred to as dvořáci na vrších ( courtiers on the heights ). The Termesivy estate with the associated courtyards was confiscated from the property of Güglinger von Kneiselstein after the battle of the White Mountain and transferred to the Frauental monastery , from then on it was referred to as the Frauentaler Höfler .

After Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa was murdered, Emperor Ferdinand II confiscated his property and those of his father Jan Rudolf on March 29, 1634. Ferdinand II had the rule of Světlá broken up into landed goods and sold them to his favorites. He sold the remaining part of the rule in 1636 to his chamberlain and war councilor Don Aldobrandini , who left it to the son of General Pappenheim , Grand Prior of the Maltese Wolf Adam zu Pappenheim . After his death there was a distribution of goods. During this time the courtiers lost their last privileges. The Pappenheim heirs received the Okrouhlice estate , which was significantly enlarged with parts of the Světlá rule , to which the courtiers of the Rychta Dvořáci were assigned together with the villages of Poděbaby and Veselice. Since that time, the dvořáci na samotách kolem Brodu were called Okrouhličtí Dvořáci . Six of the courtiers lived in Poděbaby, four - including Rychtář - in Veselice and the remaining 14 in the scattered wastelands. On June 5, 1637, the Pappenheim heirs sold the Okrouhlice estate to Philipp Adam zu Solms-Lich . He owed himself because of the high expenses to finance the imperial army and his life at the imperial court and pledged the Okrauhlitzer Höfler around 1640 to the rule Lipnitz . In the list of souls from 1651 for the Rychta Okrouhličtí Dvořáci 105 members of the courtier families and 22 other subjects are listed, of which only 20 (5 families) were Catholics. As a result of the Thirty Years' War, especially the Swedish occupation of Lipnitz Castle, some of the courtyards lay desolate. In 1662 Philipp Adam zu Solms-Lich released the pledged Okrauhlitzer Höfler again. In 1670 his widow Helena Elisabeth, née Raschin von Riesenburg, inherited the Okrouhlice estate including the 24 Okrouhličtí Dvořáci ; she later married Ferdinand Rudolf von Waldstein . He appropriated the Baštinův dvůr in 1675 and two years later also the Novotnův dvůr. In the renewed berní rula from 1680 only 21 courtiers are listed, in addition to the aforementioned farms, the mill in Poděbaby was also the property of the landlord. After the death of Ferdinand Rudolf von Waldstein, the Herálec and Okrouhlice estates were sold to Count Kornel in 1696. In 1704 he sold the Baštinov farm to the Frauental monastery, which added it to the Termesivy estate.

In 1708 Johann Peter Straka von Nedabylic and Libčan acquired the Okrouhlice estate from Michael Achatius von Kirchner. In his will, which was laid down in 1710, Straka ordered the establishment of the Straka Foundation for the establishment of a noble knight academy for young impoverished aristocrats. In addition to his estates Okrauhlitz, Liebtschan and Ober Weckelsdorf , cash assets of 38,542 guilders flowed into this . After the Count Straka von Nedabylic family died out, the three estates were administered as the Count Straka Foundation from 1771 . The Novotnův dvůr and the magistrate's sheep farm were parceled out in the 1770s, and a total of 14 new chalets were built on the Dominikalgrund. Since the Straka Academy had not come into being, in 1782, by order of Emperor Joseph II, an annual scholarship was awarded from the proceeds of the three estates for studying Bohemian youth of the aristocratic class in all kk hereditary lands. In the Josephine cadastre from 1785 only 17 courtiers are listed; the courtiers in Poděbaby and Veselice were assigned to their villages, the Dolní Papšíkov farmyard and the sheep farm between the farm and Občiny were added. In 1792 the three foundations were placed under the administration of the Bohemian Estates State Committee.

In 1840, the scattered settlement Höflern , also known as Höfler or Dworacy , was located in the Caslauer Kreis and partially cut through by Humpoletzer Strasse and consisted of individual farms, layers and Dominical settlements , and comprised 78 houses in which 600 people lived. The living spaces belonged to it:

  • Pansky ( Panský ) - 6 houses on Humpoletzer Strasse, including an inn
  • Papschikow ( Papšíkov ), 13 Dominicalists from emphyteutized farmyard reasons
  • Neuwelt ( Nový Svět ), 10 Dominicalists from emphyteutized Meierhofs reasons
  • Nowotner Hof ( Novotnův Dvůr ), 8 Dominicalists on the grounds of the homonymous farm
  • At Walenta ( U Straků ), 2 farmers
  • At Urban and Witak ( Dolík ), 3 farmers
  • At Riedel ( Mendlova Ves ), 8 farmers
  • Sheepfold ( Ovčín ), 6 chalupners
  • Melichow ( Melichov ), 4 farmers
  • Menauschek ( Menoušek ), 7 farmers and 1 cottage
  • an official Hegerhaus.

The parish was Teutschbrod . Until the middle of the 19th century, Höflern remained subordinate to the Okrauhlitz foundation .

After the abolition of patrimonial Okrouhličtí Dvořáci formed from 1849 with the district Šmolovy a municipality in the judicial district Deutschbrod . The Papšíkov settlement became part of the Poděbaby municipality. From 1868 the municipality Okrouhličtí Dvořáci belonged to the Deutschbrod district .

On July 1, 1960 Okrouhličtí Dvořáci was incorporated into Havlíčkův Brod; the district Šmolovy was assigned to the municipality Michalovice and came with this in 1976 to Havlíčkův Brod.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 11: Caslauer Kreis. Ehrlich, Prague 1843, p. 236.

Coordinates: 49 ° 35 '  N , 15 ° 35'  E