Parliamentary elections in Egypt 2011/2012

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Parliamentary election in Egypt 2011/2012
(Share of votes in%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
37.5
27.8
9.2
8.9
3.7
2.8
2.2
1.9
6.1
Otherwise.
Distribution of seats:
  • Freedom and Justice ( Democratic Alliance ), 235 seats
  • Party of Light ( Islamic Bloc ), 123 seats
  • New Wafd party , 38 seats
  • Egyptian block , 34 seats
  • NDP successor parties, 18 seats
  • al-Wasat party , 10 seats
  • The revolution continues , 9 seats
  • Reform and Development Party , 9 seats
  • Party of Justice , 1 seat
  • Independent, 21 seats
  • Appointed by the Military Council, 10 seats

    • The parliamentary elections in Egypt 2011/2012 took place from November 28, 2011 to January 10, 2012; it was a consequence of the 2011 revolution in Egypt . In February 2011, a few months after its establishment, the Egyptian People's Assembly that had emerged from the 2010 sham election was dissolved. At the end of March 2011, the ruling Supreme Council of the Armed Forces announced a new election date in September. On July 13, a representative from the High Council announced that the date had been postponed to October or November 2011. On July 24, a representative of the High Electoral Commission, established five days earlier, said the election would take place in November. On September 28, 2011, the ruling military council set the election to begin on November 28, 2011. The election was carried out in three stages at different times in different regions, starting on November 28th and ending on January 10th, 2012. From January 29th, 2012, the election for the Shura in Egypt took place in 2012 ; in this the second chamber of parliament was elected. The Islamist parties received more than 70% of the seats in the parliamentary elections. The election winners were the Freedom and Justice Party of the Muslim Brotherhood and its allies in the Democratic Alliance , which received 46.3% of the seats. Successor parties to the once ruling National Democratic Party (such as the Freedom Party and the National Party ) only received 6.4% of the seats.

    background

    Election posters in Cairo

    A constitutional referendum on March 19 of the same year laid the legal basis for holding the election. The military council also announced its intention to lift the decade-long state of emergency before the elections. Nevertheless, various opposition members also expressed concerns about an election date in 2011 because they fear that in the short time it will be difficult to set up party structures that will enable the various political directions to compete , in particular with the well-organized Muslim Brotherhood . Presidential elections should also take place after the parliamentary elections.

    At the end of September, 43 parties, including the Muslim Brotherhood, threatened to boycott the election unless the military council banned the candidacy of former members of the National Democratic Party (NDP) and set a timetable for the transfer of power to a civilian leadership. The military council described the project as a " threat to democracy ". On October 1, the Military Council published a specific timetable for the transfer of power to a civilian leadership. In addition, an end to the military trials and the state of emergency are being examined. The parties then withdrew their call for a boycott.

    On November 14th, the Supreme Administrative Court in Cairo ruled that former members of the former ruling NDP party could run for election. Only the top cadres are banned from running.

    The Sharaf cabinet resigned on November 22, 2011, barely a week before the planned start of the election . The reason for this was the action taken by the army against demonstrators in the period before that.

    Modalities

    Number of MPs to be elected per governorate

    On July 21, the Military Council published the new electoral law. Accordingly, there should be 508 MPs, 10 of which will be appointed by the military council after the election. Of the remaining 498 MPs, 332 are to be determined by proportional representation and 166 by majority voting through constituencies. Parties with over 5000 founding members can participate. In addition, 50 percent of the MPs must be “ workers or peasants ” by majority vote .

    The elections are to be held in three stages at different times in nine of the 27 governorates of Egypt , starting on November 28th and ending on January 10th, 2012. Originally, only one election day was planned for each election phase. A few days before the start of the elections, however, the Military Council extended the electoral term to two days per phase.

    The second chamber of parliament, the Shura Council, should also be elected in two stages starting on January 29, 2012.

    elections

    According to the official results, Islamist parties were able to win more than 70% of the seats in the parliamentary elections. The election winner was the party of the Muslim Brotherhood and its allies, with 37.5 percent of the vote and 45.7 percent of the seats. With 24.6 percent of the seats, the radical Islamic Party of Light followed along with other smaller parties from the Salafist camp. The third largest party was the liberal New Wafd Party (8.4 percent), followed by the new Egyptian bloc (6.6 percent).

    98% of the elected MPs are men; only 2% - ten in total - are women, most of whom are Islamists. Likewise, only eleven Egyptian Christians (2%) entered parliament (the proportion of Christians in the total population is 10%).

    Overall result

    Party / alliance Polit. Alignment be right proportion of Seats
    ( VW )     		Seats
    ( MW )     		Seats
    (total)     		Member parties
     Freedom and Justice Party
    (leads the Democratic Alliance )     		Muslim Brotherhood u. a. 10.138.134 37.5% 127 108 235 Freedom and Justice Party : 213
    Party of Dignity : 6
    Morning Party of Revolution : 2
    Civilization Party : 2
    Islamic Labor Party : 1
    Egyptian Arab Socialist Party : 1
    Egyptian Reform Party : 1
    affiliated. Non-party: 9
     Party of Light
    (leads the Islamist bloc )     		Islamist - Salafist 7,534,266 27.8% 96 27 123 Party of Light : 107
    Reconstruction and Development
    Party : 13 Al-Asala Party : 3
     New Wafd party national liberal 2,480,391 9.2% 36 2 38
     Egyptian block social liberal 2,402,238 8.9% 33 2 35 Egyptian Social Democratic Party : 16
    Free Egyptian Party : 15
    National Progressive Unionist Party : 4
     al-Wasat party moderately Islamic 989.003 3.7% 10 0 10
     The revolution continues left-facing 745.863 2.8% 7th 2 9 Socialist People's Alliance : 7
    Freedom Egypt Party : 1
    Equality and Development Party : 1
     Reform and Development Party liberal 604.415 2.2% 8th 1 9
     Freedom party former NDP members 514.029 1.9% 4th 1 5
     National party former NDP members 425.021 1.6% 4th 1 5
     Conservative Party 272.910 1.0% 0 1 1
     Democratic Peace Party 248.281 0.9% 1 0 1
     Egyptian Citizens' Party former NDP members 235.395 0.9% 3 1 4th
     Party of justice center 184,553 0.7% 0 1 1
     Arab Egyptian Union former NDP members 149.253 0.6% 1 0 1
     Party of unity former NDP members 141,382 0.5% 2 0 2
    Independent independent - - - 18th 18th
    Overall votes - 27.065.135 100.0% 332 166 498
    appointed by military - - - - - 10
    total - - - - - 508

    Result after rounds

    First round:

    In the first round, 168 of the 508 seats in the popular assembly are elected. In nine governorates, 112 seats are allocated according to the system of proportional and 56 seats according to the system of majority voting. The results from November 28th and 29th 2011 are as follows:

    Election dates 2011/2012:
  • November 28-29
  • December 14th to 15th
  • January 3rd to 4th
    • Political party Type Voices ( VW ) proportion of Seats Seats ( MW ) Total seats proportion of
     Freedom and Justice Party
    ( Democratic Alliance )     		Muslim Brotherhood u. a. 3,565,092 36.6% 40 33 73 49%
     Party of light Islamist Salafists 2,371,713 24.4% 26th 4th 30th 20%
     Egyptian block Liberal Democrats 1,299,819 13.4% 13 2 15th 10%
     New Wafd party National Liberals 690.077 7.1% 10 1 11 7%
     The revolution continues left 335.947 3.5% 4th 2 6th 4%
     al-Wasat party moderate Muslims 415,590 4.3% 4th 0 4th 3%
     Reform and Development Party liberal 185.138 1.9% 2 0 2 1 %
     National party former NDP members 153,429 1.6% 1 1 2 1 %
     Freedom party former NDP members 136,784 1.4% 1 0 1 <1%
     Justice party Centrists 76,769 0.8% 0 1 1 <1%
     Conservative Party former NDP members 76,743 0.8% 0 0 0 0%
     Egyptian Citizens' Party NDP members 67.602 0.7% 1 1 2 1 %
     Democratic Peace Party 51,704 0.5% 0 0 0 0%
    Independent 308.106 3.2% 0 3 3 2%
    total houses of Parliament 9,734,513 100% 102 48 150 100%

    Second round:

    In the second round, 180 members are elected to nine governorates, 120 of them by proportional representation and 60 by majority voting.

    Political party Type Voices ( VW ) proportion of Seats Seats ( MW ) Total seats proportion of
     Freedom and Justice Party
    ( Democratic Alliance )     		Muslim Brotherhood a. 4,058,498 36.3% 43 36 79 46%
     Party of light Islamist Salafists 3,216,430 28.8% 35 13 48 28%
     New Wafd party National Liberals 1,077,244 9.6% 14th 0 14th 8th %
     Egyptian block Liberal Democrats 785.084 7.0% 9 0 9 5%
     Reform and Development Party liberal 231.713 2.1% 4th 1 5 3%
     al-Wasat party moderate Muslims 368.375 3.3% 3 0 3 2%
     National party former NDP members 169,662 1.5% 2 0 2 1 %
     Egyptian Citizens' Party former NDP members 151.314 1.4% 2 0 2 1 %
     The revolution continues left 161,594 1.4% 1 0 1 <1%
     Conservative Party former NDP members 139,100 1.2% 0 0 0 0%
     Democratic Peace Party 121,694 1.1% 0 0 0 0%
     Freedom party former NDP members 97.165 0.9% 0 0 0 0%
     Justice party Centrists 46,681 0.4% 0 1 1 <1%
     Arab Egyptian Union 1 0 1 <1%
     Party of unity former NDP members 1 0 1 <1%
    New independents 1 0 1 <1%
    Independent 0 5 5 4%
    total houses of Parliament 11,173,818 100% 116 56 172 100%

    Third round:

    Election in nine governorates with 150 members, 100 of them by proportional representation and 50 by majority voting:

    Political party Type Voices ( VW ) proportion of Seats Seats ( MW ) Total seats proportion of
     Freedom and Justice Party
    ( Democratic Alliance )     		Muslim Brotherhood a. 37 4th 41 39%
     Party of light Islamist Salafists 29 1 30th 29%
     New Wafd party National Liberals 13 0 13 12%
     Egyptian block Liberal Democrats 6th 0 6th 6%
     Reform and Development Party liberal 4th 0 4th 4%
     The revolution continues left 3 0 3 3%
     Freedom party former NDP members 3 0 3 3%
     National party former NDP members 2 0 2 2%
     al-Wasat party moderate Muslims 1 0 1 <1%
     Party of unity former NDP members 1 0 1 <1%
     Nasserist Party Left nationalists 1 0 1 <1%
    Independent 0 0 0 0%
    total houses of Parliament - 100% 100 5 105 100%

    consequences

    Caricature by Carlos Latuff on the Islamists' election victory

    Mohammed Morsi (1951–2019) was elected President of the Arab Republic of Egypt on June 30, 2012 . Until then he was chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party (FGP).

    See also Mohammed Morsi # Presidency , Constitutional Referendum in Egypt 2012

    Dissolution of parliament

    On June 14, 2012, the country's highest court ordered the dissolution of parliament. The reason for this was that the elections were not held constitutionally, as parties had submitted candidates for a third of the seats that were intended for independents. The next day, Parliament was formally dissolved by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces and as a result, members of parliament were refused entry.

    literature

    Web links

    swell

    1. ^ Parliamentary elections in Egypt from November 28th. In: ORF . September 27, 2011, accessed September 27, 2011 .
    2. ^ Egypt to hold parliamentary elections in September ( Memento of January 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
    3. ↑ The military postpones parliamentary elections. In: ORF. July 13, 2011, accessed July 13, 2011 .
    4. ^ Egypt to hold parliamentary vote in november. In: Al Jazeera English . July 24, 2011, accessed July 24, 2011 .
    5. ↑ a b First democratic elections The election date for the new Egyptian parliament is now ( Memento from September 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 28, 2011.
    6. ↑ Egypt: Parliamentary Elections in September , on de.euronews.com
    7. ↑ 43 parties in Egypt threaten to boycott the elections. In: ORF. September 29, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2011 .
    8. ↑ Egyptian army warns of "threat to democracy". In: ORF. September 30, 2011, accessed September 30, 2011 .
    9. ^ Election boycott threat withdrawn. In: ORF. October 3, 2011, accessed October 3, 2011 .
    10. ↑ Partisans of Mubarak are allowed to run for office. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 14, 2011, accessed November 15, 2011 .
    11. ↑ Not enough concessions. In: ORF. November 23, 2011, accessed November 23, 2011 .
    12. ↑ Egypt's military council passes new electoral law. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. July 21, 2011, accessed July 21, 2011 .
    13. ^ Egypt: Military Council extends elections. In: oe24.de. November 25, 2011, accessed December 1, 2011 .
    14. ↑ Election in Egypt: Muslim Brotherhood clear again. In: taz. December 7, 2011, accessed December 17, 2011 .
    15. ^ SCAF finally reveals parliamentary elections dates and roadmap , at english.ahram.org.eg, accessed October 24, 2011
    16. ^ Egypt - Military Council prefers end of parliamentary elections , Spiegel Online, accessed January 2, 2012
    17. ↑ a b Egypt election: More than 70 percent for Islamists at diepresse.com, January 21, 2012 (accessed on January 21, 2012).
    18. ^ Badische Zeitung: Violence, Insecurity and Poverty , February 11, 2012
    19. ↑ a b c d e f Jadaliyya: First election results
    20. ^ Hamburger Abendblatt: Election not constitutional: Parliament is dissolved . Retrieved June 14, 2012.
    21. ↑ SCAF formally disbands parliament Egypt , report on Al Jazeera from 15 June 2012