Paul Floren

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Paul Floren , also Paulus Florenius , Florinus or Florentius (* 1550 in Sankt Joachimsthal or Prague , † 1615 in Chur ) was a Bohemian Jesuit who later became a Protestant theologian and worked in Austria , Bohemia and Switzerland .

Life

Paul Floren was born in Sankt Joachimsthal ( Jáchymov ) or in Prague. In Florenus (= Gulden ) it is likely to order the Latinized rendition of the family name guilders or florins act, which - with the Leitnamen is occupied in the Ore Mountains for a goldsmith and Münzmeisterfamilie - "Paul". Allegedly he had Protestant parents and converted to Catholicism in his youth. In a contemporary polemical text, Floren is also referred to as an unbaptized Jewish foundling, whose last name in German was "Flöri" (Fleury).

Professor in the Jesuit order

He studied in 1570 on the recommendation of Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Commendone (1524–1584) at the Collegium Germanicum in Rome . Floren received a canonical at the Breslau Cathedral in 1572/73 while studying . In April 1575 he took part in a public disputation in the newly built, not yet consecrated Jesuit church Il Gesù in Rome, probably on the occasion of his doctorate as " Doctor theologiae ". In 1575 Floren entered the Jesuit order as a novice .

Paul Floren was doctor and professor of theology at the Jesuit College in Vienna from 1576 to 1578 . He increasingly turned to Protestantism and in January 1578 won over his colleague, the then professor of philosophy at the Vienna Jesuit College Christian Francken (* 1549, † after 1595). A report on the decisive conversation with Francken was published in 1579 under the title Breve Colloquium Jesuiticum and saw many reprints and translations.

In February 1578 Floren was removed from the college and sent to the Jesuit visitor Nikolaus Lanoy (1507–1581) in Olomouc , who dismissed him from the order as a heretic . The dismissal was carried out quickly because it was feared that a member of the order might convert to the “ Utraquists ” (Protestants). At the beginning of May 1578, Kaspar Kratzer (1545 – after 1585), another Jesuit, left the Vienna Convention to become a Protestant.

Pappenheim court and palace preacher

Floren renounced the Breslau cathedral canon and converted to Protestantism. In 1578/79 he became a preacher with Reichserbmarschall Conrad von Pappenheim (1534-1603) in Prague . In 1578, Floren entered the register of Wilhelm Friedrich Lutz (1551–1597), whom he probably met the previous year in Vienna. Christian Francken, who had left the Vienna College in February 1579, met Floren in March 1579 in Prague. Floren was in correspondence with the Hungarian humanist Count Balthasar Batthyány (* 1543; † 1590).

During Lent 1590, Floren and the Jesuit Georg Scherer (1540–1605) led in Vienna in the house of the Imperial Chamber Council Baron Christoph III. von Haym (1552–1611) conducted a public theological and controversial disputation in the presence of Pappenheim and many other aristocrats, which met with violent literary echo, as both sides claimed victory for themselves. In a lost scripture, Eusebius Sarkander called Floren “a chosen vessel and a salvific tool of God and the Church of Christ”. Paul Floren exchanged letters with the Zurich antistes Johann Rudolf Stumpf (1530–1592).

Around this time, Floren met in Schaffhausen or in the nearby Pappenheim residence in Engen ; several books from his possession are now in the Schaffhausen City Library . They probably come from the book inventory in Krenking Castle in Engen, which the city of Schaffhausen bought in 1637 from Maximilian von Pappenheim , a son of Conrad von Pappenheim. In 1591 Emperor Rudolf II had Conrad von Pappenheim arrested in Engen by troops from Württemberg and brought to Hohentübingen Castle .

Photo taken with the Haintzel von Degelstein in Switzerland

In 1598, while Conrad von Pappenheim was imprisoned in Hohentübingen Castle, Martin Crusius (1526-1607) met Floren in Tübingen . At that time he lived in Haldenstein Castle in Churrätien , which was temporarily acquired in 1594/95 by Hans Heinrich Haintzel von Degelstein / Degerstein (* around 1553; † after 1606), Herr von Elgg , from Augsburg and Ulm . The previous owners Gregor († 1577) and Franz Carl von Hohenbalken tried to introduce the Reformation in Haldenstein. The rule fell back to the Carl von Hohenbalkische heirs around 1604 because Hans Heinrich Haintzel was ultimately unable to pay the purchase price.

Paul Floren also stayed in Zurich during this time. Around 1600 he entered there in the student register of Johann Jakob Breitinger (1575-1645). Johann Wilhelm Stucki (1542–1607) gave Floren a copy of his Carolus Magnus redivivus , published in Zurich in 1592 . From 1590 to 1599, the brothers Hans Heinrich and Hans Ludwig (1560-1602) owned Haintzel von Degelstein (Tägernstein), sons of the Augsburg councilor and mayor Johann Baptist I. Haintzel (1524-1581), Elgg Castle (Elgouw, Elckau) in the canton of Zurich ; the Haintzel brothers also lived in Chur and Zurich.

Pastor in Chur

Paul Floren became a reformed pastor at the Martinskirche in Chur . 1604/05 he was by Johannes Pontisella d. J. (1552–1622) relieved and transferred to the Regulara Church because he was accused of negligence in his administration. In 1606 he quarreled with Pontisella over a sermon. Floren became the first employee of Georg Saluz (1571-1645) after his appointment to Chur in 1606 as Antistes.

1607 was Floren instead of the required simple consent to Graubündner Synodal and preachers order Fides ac placita 1553 own confession ( confessio ) from which, however, was rejected. In 1614, presumably after submitting the required declaration of commitment, he was again accepted into the Graubündner Reformed Preacher Register, which was a prerequisite for employment. After Floren's death in 1615, Jodocus Gantner became his successor at the Regulakirche in 1616.

Paul Floren has been on the index Librorum Prohibitorum since 1596 in the 1st class of heretical writers.

swell

  • Paulus Florenus: De Deo et divinis… Joanni Francisco Commendono Veneto S. R. E. presbitero Card. amplissimo T. T. S. Mariae Angelorum in Thermis … Paulus Florenus Bohemus S. P. D.… 1. Sacra theologia quam vulgo scholasticam vocant… Disputabuntur publice Romae in templo collegii Romani societatis Jesu anno iubilaeo MDLXXV. the 17 mensis Aprilis. Hora 18 (Munich University Library, 4 o Cod. Ms. 126, sheets 29–40)
  • P. Laurentius Maggio Praep. Prov. Austr. SI: Litterae de funesta Pauli Florenii apostasia (Viennae 15 February 1578) . In: Ladislaus Lukács (ed.): Monumenta paedagogica Societatis Iesu , Vol. IV 1573-1580 , No. 174. Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, Rome 1981, pp. 723-736
  • Christian Francken: Epistola…, in qua deplorat suum a Societate Iesu Et Ecclesia Catholica discessum . Leonhard Nassinger, Vienna 1582 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
    • (German translation) Christian Francken: Christian Franken's letter, in which he mourns his resignation from the Society of Jesus and the Catholic Church, as well as his careless attacks on faith and religion [of October 18, 1581 from Breslau]. In: Andreas Räß : The convertites since the Reformation according to their lives and from their writings , Vol. III From 1590-1601 . KM Hoffmann, Colmar / Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1866, pp. 295–307, especially pp. 297 and 300–307 ( Google Books )
  • Correspondence between Paul Floren and Johann Rudolph Stumpf (Zurich Central Library, A 69, misc. XVI – XVII)
  • Letter from Paul Floren to Balthasar Batthyány from Vienna dated July 12, 1589 (Hungarian National Archives Budapest, P 1314 private correspondence of the Batthyány family, letter no.14100)
  • Georg Scherer: Report of the miraculous victory that Doctor Paulus Florenius received against Georgen Scherer Jesuits, who were also in dispute with the recently expired fasts in Vienna in Austria . Widmanstetter, Graz 1590 ( Google Books )
    • Georg Scherer, Gregor Lochner: Report on the wonderful victory which Doctor Paulus Florenius received against Georgium Scherer Jesuits the 90th jar in Vienna in Austria with disputie = . 2nd edition Berg, Munich 1591 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
  • Jakob Rudolf Truog : The Bündner Prädikanten 1555-1901 according to the registry books of the synod . In: Annual report of the Historisch-Antiquarian Gesellschaft von Graubünden 31 (1901), pp. 1–58, esp. P. 14f ( Google Books ; limited preview)

Works

  • Paulus Florenius, Christian Francken: Breve Colloqvivm Iesuiticvm. Toti Orbi Christiano, & vrbi potissimum Caesarae Viennensi, ad recte cognoscendam, hactenus non satis perspectam, Iesuitarum religionem, vtilissimum Breve Colloquium Jesuiticum . Habitatvm a Sacrae Theologiae Doctorae, & Professore, Pavlo Florenio, cum Christiano Francken, Philosophiae Professore in Caesareo Iesuitarum Gymnasio Viennae, Anno 1578. xx. Ianuarij. Steinmann, Leipzig 1579
    • 2nd edition Peter Perna, Basel 1580
    • 3rd edition Johann Ramba, Leipzig 1580 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
    • and other requirements, e.g. Sometimes with a different title, also under the pseudonym Paulus Albutius for Christian Francken
    • (reprinted in :) Johann Fischart , Martin Chemnitz (ed.): Doctrinae Jesuitarum praecipua Capita a quibusdam Theologis retexta . 2nd ed. Theophil Regius, La Rochelle 1584, pp. 785–807 ( Google Books )
    • (reprinted in :) Petrus de Wangen: Physiognomonia Jesuitica . s. n., Lyon 1610, pp. 1–33 ( Google Books )
    • (German translation) Christian Francken: A conversation from Jesuits All pious Christians, to recognize the Jesuits and their religion rightly, read most useful ... With a letter from Pauli Albutij to the Jesuits. s. n. [Peter Perna], Basel 1581 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library, Munich)
      • (reprinted in :) Paulus Florenius, Christian Francken: A short Jesuit conversation, which is very useful to all ... Christians, to whom the Jesuwitsche religion and beliefs have not been sufficiently ... read, held by Paulo Florenio ... with Christian Francken ... to Vienna in Austria in the jar 1578. the 20th day Jenners . In: Johann Konrad Ulmer (Ed.): New Jesuwitspiegel. In it through ... a funny conversation, their doctrine, belief, and life, from their own writings, clearly presented for the eyes, and ... is refuted in detail ... Auff hoch Teutsch for presented by JCU Waldkirch, Basel 1586
    • (English translation) William Charier, London 1580
    • (English translation) Paulus Florenius, Christian Francken, John Camilton ( Johann Cambilhon ): The doctrines and practices of the Societie of Iesuites , ed. by William Freake. Bernard Alsop and Thomas Fawcet for George Gibbs, London 1630

literature

  • Siegmund Jacob Apinus: Christianvs Franck . In: ders .: Vitae Professorum philosophiae… Academiae Altorfinae , Tauber, Nürnberg / Altdorf 1728, pp. 34–61 ( Google Books )
  • Carl August Bächtold: Introduction to Johann Jakob Rüeger: Chronicle of the city and landscape of Schaffhausen , Schaffhausen 1884, p. 37
  • Andreas Steinhuber : History of the Collegium Germanikum Hungarikum in Rome , vol. I. 2nd edition Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1906, p. 75f ( digitized at OpenLibrary)
  • Jakob Rudolf Truog: The pastors of the Protestant communities in Graubünden and its former subjects , part I. In: Annual report of the Historisch-Antiquarian Gesellschaft von Graubünden 64 (1934), pp. 1-96, esp. P. 39
  • Hans Berger: The introduction of the Reformation in the circle of the five villages and the struggles that followed. A contribution to the Graubünden church history . (Dissertation Zurich). Bischofberger, Chur 1950, p. 19, note 131 and p. 39 ( PDF; 1.07 MB )
  • Lech Szczucki: Philosophy and Authority. The Christian Francken case . In: Paul Wrzecionko (Ed.): Reformation and Early Enlightenment in Poland. Studies of Socinianism and its influence on Western European thought in the 17th century . (Church in the East 14). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1977, pp. 157–243, esp. Pp. 162–165 ( Google Books )
  • Clarisse Roche: Usages et mises en scene de l'amitié entre Paulus Florenius et Christian Francken dans les polémiques religieuses à Vienne (1578–1590) . In: Bertrand Haan, Christian Kühner (ed.): Friendship. A political-social relationship in Germany and France, 12. – 19. Century . (discussions 8) (2013) ( digitized from perspectivia.net)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b See Wilhelm Göz, Ernst Conrad (Ed.): Diarium Martini Crusii , Vol. II 1598–1599 . H. Laupp, Tübingen 1931, p. 130.
  2. ↑ Cf. Andreas Steinhuber: History of the Collegium Germanikum Hungarikum in Rome , vol. I. 2nd ed. Herder, Freiburg i. Br. 1906, pp. 75f, u. a.
  3. ↑ Cf. Adam Daniel Richter: Reliable news from the Annabergic coin and smith masters, stock and stamp cutters . August Valentin Friese, St. Annaberg 1759, p. 10 ( digitized version of the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt Halle).
  4. ^ See Herbert Pönicke:  Gulden, Paul. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 302 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ It is a standard charge against converts .
  6. ↑ Cf. Jakob Gretser , Conrad Vetter : Repetition, Der Augspurgischen Predicanten, because of the Cambilhonische Relation . Andreas Angermayer, Ingolstadt 1612, esp. Pp. 139-142 ( Google Books ).
  7. ↑ Cf. Gerhard Zimmermann: The Breslau Cathedral Chapter in the Age of Reformation and Counter-Reformation (1500-1600). Constitutional development and personal composition . (Historical-diplomatic research 2). Böhlau, Weimar 1938, pp. 31f, 87, 122, 167, 183, 251, 253 (May 7, 1573: “ Cardinalis Commendonus contulit canonicatum Christophori Falkenhain cuidam Paulo Floreno Bohemo” ) and p. 388.
  8. ↑ From Gardelegen , later returned to Catholicism.
  9. ↑ Cf. Christian Francken: Epistola Christiani Francken, in qva deplorat svvm a societate Iesv et ecclesia catholica discessvm . Heinrich von Aich, Würzburg 1583, unpaginated ( Google Books ) (1st edition Leonhard Nassinger, Vienna 1582).
  10. ↑ a b Cf. Dóra Bobory: Boldizsár Batthyány (c.1542–1590). Erudition, natural sciences, patronage and friendship in the life of a sixteenth-century Hungarian nobleman . (diss. phil. Budapest). Budapest 2007, pp. 72-73.
  11. ↑ 1584-1587 Protestant pastor in Weißkirchlitz ( Novosedlice ).
  12. ↑ Cf. Georg Scherer: Report on the miraculous victory that Doctor Paulus Florenius received against Georgen Scherer Jesuits, who received the recently expired fast in Vienna in Austria with a dispute . Widmanstetter, Graz 1590, p. 38: “electure vas, et salutare Dei et Ecclesiae Christi organon” ( Google Books ).
  13. ↑ a b See Hanspeter Marti, René Specht, André Weibel: The historical book holdings of the Schaffhausen City Library , pp. 2, 52 and 54 (revised and expanded version of the article Schaffhausen City Library . In: Urs B. Leu, Hanspeter Marti and Jean- Luc Rouiller (arrangement): Handbook of the historical book collections in Switzerland, Vol. II. Olms, Hildesheim 2011, pp. 273–302; digitized version of the Schaffhausen libraries).
  14. ↑ " Mecum erat Paulus Florenius, Theol. D. sed non concionans. Erat cum generoso D. Conrado Bappenhaimio. Bohemus est, ex Valle Ioachimica. Viuit Haldenstaini in Rhaetia inferiore, semihora à ciuitate Curia, bidui itinere a Tiguro. Habitat in Palatio Haldensteinensi ... " (= " I was with Paul Floren, a Dr. theol., But not in the ministry. He was in contact with the well-born Conrad von Pappenheim. He is a Bohemian from Joachimsthal, lives in Haldenstein in Lower Rhaetia , half an hour from the city of Chur, two days' journey from Zurich. He lives in Haldenstein Castle ” ).
  15. ^ Cf. Gustav Adolph Wehrli: Die Wundärzte und Bader Zürichs as a proper organization. History of the Black Garden Society . (Communications from the Antiquarian Society in Zurich 30/8). Zurich 1931, p. 102.
  16. ↑ On him cf. Paul von Stetten: History of the noble families in the free imperial city of Augsburg . Johann Jakob Haid, Augsburg 1762, pp. 227 and 229 ( Google Books ); Heinrich Christoph Wilhelm Sigwart: The life story of Giordano Bruno 's . Heinrich Laupp, Tübingen 1880, p. 23f ( Google Books , limited preview).
  17. ↑ See Graubünden State Archives (holdings A II LA 1 state files 1585–1599, files 1595 July 10th b).
  18. ↑ Cf. Georg Lütscher, Silvio Margadant: History of Freiherrschaft and municipality Haldenstein . Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt, Chur 1995, p. 51.
  19. ↑ Cf. Jakob Bott: The former rule Haldenstein. A contribution to the history of the Rhaetian leagues . L. Hitz, Chur 1864, p. 15f ( Google Books ), z. Sometimes different life data from older research.
  20. ↑ See Jean-Pierre Bodmer: The student register of Johann Jakob Breitinger (1575-1645) . In Zwingliana 18/3 (1990), pp. 213-233, especially pp. 225 and 232 ( digitized at www.zwingliana.ch).
  21. ^ Copy from the Schaffhausen City Library (Sign. VO 34).
  22. ↑ Cf. State Archives of the Canton of Zurich (C documents, I City and Landscape Zurich, No. 2251); Thea Vignau-Wilberg: Christoph Murer and the “XL. Emblemata Miscella Nova ” . Benteli, Bern 1982, p. 113.
  23. ↑ See Johann J. Mezger: Johann Jakob Rüger. Chronicler of Schaffhausen . Hurter, Schaffhausen 1859, p. 50f ( Google Books ); see. also p. 51f on Johann Wilhelm Stucki.
  24. ↑ A relationship with the Rhaeto-Romanic Graubünden aristocratic family de Florin from the Flurin farm near Rueras in Tujetsch (Tavetsch) (see Ursus Brunold: Florin. In: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz . March 10, 2017 , accessed on July 7, 2019 ). and the Graubünden district judge Paul de Florin of the same name is not apparent.
  25. ↑ See Cantonal Library of Graubünden (DV / 03 permanent deposit v. Tscharner-St. Margrethen, Chur, 3.219.017).
  26. ↑ See Hans Berger: The Chur pastor Georg Saluz (1571–1645), his colleagues and his time . In: Annual report of the Historisch-Antiquarian Gesellschaft von Graubünden 91 (1961), pp. 1–102, esp. Pp. 17 and 19.
  27. ↑ "Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae" = "the Holy Roman Church".
  28. ↑ "titulo templi" = "with the title of the cathedral ".
  29. ↑ "salutem plurimam dicit" - "wishes all the best".
  30. ↑ Lorenzo Maggio (1531–1605), Provincial of the Jesuits.
  31. ↑ This letter may be a forgery; Francken officiated in 1584 in Chmielnik and in 1590 in Cluj-Napoca as rector of Unitarian schools. He is said to have become a Catholic again in the last years of his life.
  32. ↑ See David Clément: Bibliothèque curieuse, historique et critique , Vol. VIII. JF Gleditsch, Leipzig 1759, p. 457; not verifiable by the library.
  33. ^ Pastor of St Bartholomew-the-Less , London, † after 1642.
personal data
SURNAME Floren, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Florenius, Paulus; Florenus, Paulus; Florentius, Paulus; Florinus, Paulus; Flöri, Paul; Fleury, Paul
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian Jesuit and Protestant theologian
DATE OF BIRTH 1550
PLACE OF BIRTH Sankt Joachimsthal or Prague
DATE OF DEATH 1615
Place of death Chur