Johann Wilhelm Stucki

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Johann Wilhelm Stucki (print from the portrait series of famous reformers by Hendrik Hondius from 1599.)

Johann Wilhelm Stucki (* May 21, 1542 , other date May 21, 1521 in Töss Monastery near Winterthur , † September 3, 1607 in Zurich ) was a Swiss Protestant theologian , philologist and university professor .

Life

family

Johann Wilhelm Stucki came from an old and respected patrician family from Zurich . He was the son of Hans Rudolf Stucki (born February 9, 1507 Zurich), which commissioned the Zurich Council as Vogt administered the estates of töss monastery, and his second wife Martha, daughter of the owner of the castle Laufen and magistrate to Osterfingen , Wilhelm of Fulach. At the age of six months he was given to his mother's sister, Ursula von Fulach, in Basel for further education .

His nephew was the theologian and professor Johann Rudolf Stucki and his cousin was Melchior Goldast , whom he actively supported in his studies and also later promoted.

He was married four times:

  • First marriage: 1568 with Elisabetha (* 1544 in Zurich; † before 1577), daughter of councilor Jakob Röist (1523–1573);
  • Second marriage: 1577 with Maria, daughter of Hans Stockar ;
  • Third marriage: 1593 with Katharina, daughter of the city physician Benedikt Burgauer;
  • Fourth marriage: 1595 with Maria Magdalena von Oftringen.

Four sons and three daughters survived him.

education

At the age of eight he came to Zurich in 1550 for further training with Ludwig Lavater , who was married to a daughter of Heinrich Bullinger . He attended the Latin School at Fraumünster under the rector Johannes Fries and the teachers Conrad Gessner , Rudolfus Collinus and Samuel Pellicanus (1527–1564), a son of Konrad Pellikan .

In 1557 his parents sent him to the newly founded Lausanne Academy , where he studied the Latin, Greek and French languages. His teachers there were Johannes Randonus and Franciscus Beraldus; he studied there, among other things, together with the Scots Peter Young, who later after the death of George Buchanan the education of the Scottish King James VI. , son of Maria Stuart , took over; Peter Young was the father of the Graecist Patrick Young .

After finishing the academy, he was called back to Switzerland in 1559, went to Freiburg im Breisgau to meet Glarean , and from there traveled to Strasbourg to the Gymnasium Schola Argentoratensis ( Strasbourg School ) - today's Jean-Sturm-Gymnasium ( Gymnase Jean Sturm ), which was led by Rector Johannes Sturm ; During his stay, he lived in the house of Franciscus Hotomanus , whom he honored in the preface to his text Descriptio sacrorum gentilium by emphasizing how important and lasting his suggestions and promotions had been for his studies.

From Strasbourg, at the suggestion of Bullinger and other Zurich scholars, he went to the Collège de France in Paris and studied with Adrianus Turnebus , Denis Lambin , Jean Dorat , and Hebrew with Jean Mercier (1510–1570), Jean Cinquarbres (1514–1587) and dialectics and mathematics with Petrus Ramus, among others . The time of his stay in Paris is unknown, however; in his preface to Antiquitates Convivialium , he himself states that it was before the outbreak of the First Huguenot War , i.e. before 1562.

Career

He was staying in Poissy in 1561 when a religious discussion was opened there in September , during which Catholic and Reformed theologians tried unsuccessfully for five weeks to reach an understanding of the two confessions relating to the doctrines of the Lord's Supper and of the Church. On the Protestant side, alongside Theodor Beza from Geneva, the former Florentine Augustinian monk Petrus Vermilius, usually called Petrus Martyr , represented their positions; According to the Council and Presbytery of Zurich, Johann Wilhelm Stucki was appointed Martyr as secretary and interpreter and supported him during the colloquium .

After the religious talk was over, Johann Wilhelm Stucki stayed in France and worked as a teacher for the sons of a French prince . In this role he met Philippe Duplessis-Mornay , who later became Henry IV's advisor , who became his friend and patron.

In 1564 he stayed with his childhood friend Johann Jakob Grynaeus at the University of Tübingen and attended the lectures of the philologists Martin Crusius and Georg Hitzler , the ethicist Samuel Heiland , the physicist Georg Liebler and, above all, those of the philosophical medicine doctor Jakob Degen .

From Tübingen, via Zurich and Geneva, before the start of the Second Huguenot War in 1567, he went to Paris for the second time; From there he traveled on to Italy to hear the legal scholar Guido Panciroli (1523–1599) at the University of Padua and to learn the Chaldean and Syrian languages ​​from the Jewish rabbi Meir Katzenellenbogen .

After a year he returned from Italy to Switzerland in 1569 and took over the position of the decrepit professor of logic and rhetoric Johann Jakob Ammann at the theological-humanistic institute Collegium Carolinum in Zurich, founded by Huldrych Zwingli ; as early as 1572 he was appointed professor of theology of the Old Testament and held the office until his death. His appointment as professor was also linked to his appointment as canon at the Grossmünster .

In the years 1576 to 1578 and 1584 he was elected scholar of the Collegium Carolinum.

One of his students was Kaspar Waser , whom he was able to convey to the theologian Markus Bäumler in Worms as secretary .

He maintained a friendship with Johann I von Pfalz-Zweibrücken , who had a Reformation belief, and was also in contact with the theologian Girolamo Zanchi and in correspondence with Johann Konrad Ulmer .

As a coin collector, he exchanged views on numismatic issues with Johann Jakob Rüeger, among others .

After his death, Markus Bäumler succeeded him.

Theological and literary work

As a theologian, Johann Wilhelm Stucki belonged to the Calvinist direction. He took this point of view, among other things, in 1588 as a member of the Synod in Bern, which condemned the Burgdorf pastor Samuel Huber for attacking the absolute doctrine of predestination and claiming that all people were chosen by God through Christ to be blessed.

He wrote the lives of Johannes Wolf , Josias Simler , Heinrich Bullinger and Ludwig Lavater, and in his book Antiquitatum convivialium libri III 1597 he dealt with the cultural history of antiquity .

Fonts (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Historical Family Lexicon of Switzerland - Persons. Retrieved July 29, 2020 .
  2. ^ Johann J. Mezger: Johann Jakob Rüger . Heirter, 1859 ( google.de [accessed July 29, 2020]).
  3. ↑ Michael Wolbring: Melchior Goldast and the "Codex Manesse". Heidelberg University, 2019, accessed on July 29, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Historical Family Lexicon of Switzerland - Persons. Retrieved July 29, 2020 .
  5. ↑ The Religious Discussion of Poissy (1561). In: Musée protestant. Retrieved July 29, 2020 .
  6. ^ Ulrich Ernst: History of the Zurich school system up to the end of the sixteenth century . S. 112. Bleuler-Hausheer, 1879 ( google.de [accessed on July 29, 2020]).
  7. ^ Ioannes [Johannes] Guilielmus Stuckius. In: USB Cologne portraits collection. University and City Library Cologne, accessed on July 29, 2020 .
  8. ^ School protocol, 1560-1592 (dossier). In: archive catalog. State Archives of the Canton of Zurich, accessed on July 29, 2020 .
  9. ↑ Barbara Schmid: A new denominational elite? Retrieved July 29, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Light up my eyes, oh Lord. CoinsWeekly, accessed on July 29, 2020 (German).
personal data
SURNAME Stucki, Johann Wilhelm
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stuckius, Johannes Wilhelm; Stuckius, Joannes Guilielmus; Stuckius, Joannes Guilelmus; Stucke, Johann Wilhelm; Stucki, Joh. Wilhelm; Stuckius, Joh. Wilhelm; Stuck, Jean-Guillaume; Stucki, Johannes Wilhelm; Guilstuckius, Johannes; Stuck, Johannes Wilhelm; Stukius, Johannes Guilelmus; Stucken, Johan Wilhelm; Stucki, Johann W .; Stuck, Johann W .; Stuckius, Iohannes G .; Stukius, Ioannes G .; Stucki, Hans W .; Stuckius, Johann W .; Stuckius, Johann G .; Stuckius, Johannes Guilielmus; Stuckius, Johann Wilhelm; Stuck, Johann Wilhelm; Stuckius, Johannes Guilelmus; Stucki, Guilielmus; Stukius, Joannes Guilielmus; Stucki, Wilhelm; Stuckius, Jo. Guilelmus; Stuckius, Guilelmus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss Protestant theologian, philoologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH May 21, 1542
PLACE OF BIRTH Töss Abbey near Winterthur
DATE OF DEATH September 3, 1607
Place of death Zurich