Pedigree Dogs Exposed
| Movie | |
|---|---|
| German title | Purebred cripples - dogs bred to death |
| Original title | Pedigree Dogs Exposed |
| Country of production | United Kingdom |
| original language | English |
| Publishing year | 2008 |
| length | 60 minutes |
| Rod | |
| Director | Jemima Harrison |
Pedigree Dogs Exposed is an investigative documentary by the British documentary filmmaker Jemima Harrison , which was first broadcast on BBC One in 2008. The title of the German version is: "Rassereine Krüppel - dogs bred to death" . The film examines animal welfare-related negative consequences of pedigree dog breeding in Great Britain and criticizes the breeding practices of the British canine organization The Kennel Club .
The Kennel Club (KC) organizes the prestigious Crufts dog show , the largest dog show in the world. The film criticizes the fact that the Kennel Club consciously accepts negative consequences for their health through an overemphasis on breed standards , through breeding practices and questionable priorities in assessing the shape of dogs.
The film was heavily criticized by the Kennel Club. As a result, various sponsors and sellers withdrew their participation in Crufts and other events organized by the Kennel Club. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which Crufts had previously televised for 42 years, removed this exhibition from its program after the film was broadcast in 2009.
The Kennel Club first denied that many pedigree dogs suffered from diseases after it was first broadcast, and took the position that most dog breeds were healthy. He complained to Ofcom, the UK's media regulator, about the unfair and biased treatment of the issue. Due to the reactions from the population, however, he later initiated new plans to breed healthy dogs as a result of the film and checked the standards of all breeds he cared for with regard to health issues. Some breeders criticized this as an overreaction.
Ofcom's decision stated that the right of reply had not been respected for some statements in the film, but rejected complaints on various other aspects. The statements of the KC geneticist Jeff Sampsons had been misrepresented, but the Kennel Club as a whole was not treated unfairly.
As a result of the film, three separate investigations into the health and breed-related defects in pedigree dogs were conducted by the RSPCA , the House of Commons Animal Welfare Subcommittee, and Sir Patrick Bateson . The investigation reports concluded that current breeding practices in pedigree dogs represent an animal welfare problem and various measures were listed by which the Kennel Club could improve the health of pedigree dogs.
A sequel called Pedigree Dogs Exposed - Three Years On was broadcast on BBC Four on February 27, 2012 .
content
The film begins with recordings of a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel who is obviously in great pain due to the hereditary disease syringomyelia . The veterinary - neurologist Claire Rusbridge describes the problem as a result of too tight cultured posterior cerebral skull where the skull in proportion to the remaining volume to large brain does not have enough space. She estimates that a third of all dogs in this breed are affected by the disease. Another breed problem is heart disease endocardiosis ; Veterinary cardiologist Simon Swift estimates that about half of all dogs in the breed suffer from it by the age of five and that almost all Cavalier King Charles Spaniels are affected by the age of about ten to eleven.
Roughly three-quarters of the UK's seven million or so dogs are purebred and cost £ 10 million in veterinary expenses each week . The geneticist Steve Jones identifies inbreeding as one of the main problems. Mark Evan, the RSPCA’s senior veterinarian, sees responsibility for the current health problems at dog shows.
Drastic changes
Old photos of Dachshunds , Basset Hounds , Bull Terriers , English Bulldogs , Pugs and German Shepherds show how much some dog breeds have changed over the past hundred years. The exhibition type of the German shepherd dog with its sloping back is compared with a shepherd dog from a working line, which looks much more similar to the earlier German shepherd dogs.
The Crufts judge Terry Hannan describes the German Shepherd Dog from working lines as anatomically incorrect and insists that only the exhibition type corresponds to the breed standard. The president of the Basset Hound Club disgusts the allegation that his breed suffers from innate dwarfism and declares that today's basset corresponds to the 19th century basset, but immediately believes that a sixty-year-old photo of a basset is not conforming to standards.
In an interview with the historian David Hancock, he explains that the breeders of the English bulldog justify the severe overbite and wrinkling of the face with the argument that these deformations, known as brachycephaly , are adapted to the function of the breed. Using old representations of the breed, however, he shows that the modern bulldog has little in common with its historical ancestors. Their heads are so big that the majority of litters can no longer be born naturally and caesarean sections are practically normal in bulldog breeding. Subsequently, the boxer is mentioned as having frequent cancer and heart disease, while pictures of a boxer having an epileptic fit are shown.
Dogs have traditionally only been bred for functional reasons (for example, as hunting dogs or guard dogs ). In the middle of the 19th century, however, a change began in England: dogs became a status symbol and dog shows became a sport. Function took a back seat to appearance. Mark Evans describes the Crufts as a "parade of mutants" and "perverse, tasteless beauty pageant that has nothing to do with health and animal welfare" and notes that most breed standards give no information about the practical performance of the dogs.
Eugenics
The film relates the history of the Kennel Club to eugenics , which is an important theoretical basis for modern pedigree dog breeding. In an interview with a Rhodesian Ridgeback breeder, she defends the euthanasia of puppies without a ridge , as this is required in the standard and the code of ethics of the Ridgeback Club requires the euthanasia of such puppies. The President of the Ridgeback Club added that she believed the absence of the Ridge was a genetic defect that occurs in about one in twenty puppies. However, this contradicts scientific studies that show that the ridge is actually a mild form of spina bifida and that more severe forms of this malformation occur more than average in the breed.
The director confronts the President of the Kennel Club, Ronnie Irving , with the breeding rules of the Ridgeback Club. He considers the regulation on euthanasia to be unacceptable and denies that the Kennel Club was aware of it. After the interview, the Kennel Club requested the Ridgeback Club in writing to delete the relevant passage from the breeding regulations. The Ridgeback Club counters this by saying that the Kennel Club ratifies the breeding regulations of all its members annually, including those of the Ridgeback Club.
Other breeds in which non-standard-compliant puppies are euthanized include Great Danes with non-standard-compliant coat colors , white German Shepherds and white boxers ( false colors ). However, this practice is now rarer than it used to be, and the affected puppies are neutered rather than euthanized more often .
inbreeding
Intentional inbreeding , including mother × son, father × daughter, and brother × sister mating, is cited as another reason for the frequent occurrence of hereditary diseases in many breeds. In 2006, a Companion Animal Welfare Council report called for changes in breeding practices to reduce inbreeding; dogs with hereditary diseases should also be excluded from exhibitions. Irving commented on these claims as "based on emotion, not science".
A 2004 publication by Kennel Club geneticist Jeff Sampson noted that "unfortunately, the restrictive breeding practices that have developed in purebred dog breeding have caused collateral damage to all breeds ," making hereditary diseases an increasing problem for many, if not all, breeds of dogs be. In the interview, however, Sampson stated that "the vast majority of dogs registered by the Kennel Club [...] will live long, happy and healthy lives". A study by Imperial College London showed that the 10,000 pugs registered in the UK are so inbred that their Effective Population Size is only 50 dogs.
Hereditary Disease Studies
Although the Kennel Club registered more than 200 races, he writes only for the Irish Setter and the Irish Red and White Setter before a mandatory test for genetic diseases. The Kennel Club defends this practice by stating that otherwise the breeders would quit the club. The President of the British Veterinary Association , Nick Blayney, agrees with this assessment and believes that the introduction of mandatory tests for hereditary diseases would result in the Kennel Club losing its influence on British dog breeding. The Kennel Club is doing its best in a difficult situation.
The Kennel Club does not maintain an official registry for any hereditary disease and claims that existing screening methods are "often inadequate or ineffective". In the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, some breeders have had heart exams since 1995, but because so many breeders ignore the veterinary recommendation that they should only breed from the age of five, the situation has not improved. The Kennel Club defends this lack of progress by saying that without voluntary heart tests the situation would have got worse.
Positive changes
In an attempt to improve the health of the breeds it cares for, the Kennel Club created the Accredited Breeder Scheme and supports veterinary research into hereditary diseases. President Ronnie Irving has spoken out publicly several times against exaggerated anatomical features in certain breeds of dogs. Some breed standards, such as that of the English Bulldog, have since been changed in this regard: Instead of a "massive head", the new standard now calls for a "large head". The Kennel Club now also requires training in health and animal welfare for judges. However, all these changes are useless if the breeders continue to fail to see the need for changes or if the breed standards are reinterpreted in such a way that the pathological body characteristics are tolerated or even encouraged.
Sick champions
The film shows several examples of dogs with serious hereditary diseases who win at exhibitions and are awarded a championship title. There are no regulations whatsoever that would prohibit breeding with such dogs.
For example, it is shown that the winner of Crufts 2003 - a Pekingese - had to sit on a block of ice for the winning photo. The breed has a tendency to overheat from being unable to breathe properly due to its short nose . It also shows that this dog a surgical resection of Soft palate had been carried out to treat the damage caused by its too short muzzle breathing problems. Dan Brockman of the Royal Veterinary College explains that this pathological shortening of the snout is hereditary and that the offspring of this dog will be at considerable risk for this malformation. Regardless of this, the dog had produced 18 litters at the time of admission.
The film also examines the situation of people within the exhibitor scene who speak out against such developments and describes this scene as “a system in which unethical behavior is often rewarded”. The Kennel Club has started a research program on syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, but the disease is still not taken seriously by breeders. Carol Fowler, a Cavalier owner who vehemently opposes the breeding use of affected dogs, has been severely attacked on mailing lists. Breeder Margaret Carter takes a similar point of view after the disease also appeared in her dogs, and is lobbying within the club for a change in the breed regulations.
Margaret Carter reports that a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel who won a show (Best in Show) was affected by the disease (a month and a half after it was first broadcast, she was expelled from the Board of Directors of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club for "breach of trust") . Although veterinarians recommend excluding infected dogs from breeding, the affected dog has 28 litters, eight of them after diagnosis. Veterinarian Claire Rusbridge describes her stance on this as follows: “If you hit a dog with a stick to cause the same pain that a dog with syringomyelia feels, you would be punished for violating the Animal Welfare Act, but there is no legal basis to pursue a breeder who purposely breeds such dogs. "
Irving rejects the allegation that the Kennel Club is not doing enough for the health of pedigree dogs, pointing out that the Kennel Club and its affiliated foundations are working to solve the problem in "some breeds". The film ends with a call from the RSPCA's chief veterinarian, Mark Evans, to review all breed standards with regard to animal welfare and to adapt the rules of dog shows so that quality of life should not be the primary goal, but rather “beauty”.
Reactions
The film, which took two years to produce, was watched by 3.9 million viewers when it was first broadcast. Before it premiered, the Kennel Club published a press release that the film could be heavily biased. After the first broadcast, he published several other press releases accusing the film of a lack of neutrality and “greed for sensation”. He also complained to the British television regulator, Ofcom, citing "unfair treatment and unfair editing". The BBC rejected this criticism.
The Rhodesian Ridgeback Club calls the film's statement that the ridge has no special function "absolute nonsense" and calls the ridge "a distinguishing feature from other large brown dogs without a ridge, which one z. B. could be seen as crossbreeds between Mastiff and Pitbull or Boxer and Mastiff ”. He also denies the claim that euthanasia is mandatory for puppies without a ridge. Later the breeding regulations were changed so that the killing of healthy puppies was explicitly forbidden.
Kennel Club President Ronnie Irving said in a speech two days after it first aired: "Hopefully, if this film teaches us one thing, it is that the 'purists' in some racial clubs have to accept that in the politically correct information age some old ones Attitudes can no longer be sustained. ”However, he stuck to his earlier statement that most pedigree dogs are healthy and said:“ The roughly 90% of us who are fortunate to have healthy breeds must continue to protect them from exaggeration and those who hesitate accordingly under Put pressure; otherwise we will all continue to be sheared across the board in the future. "
In an article in Dogs Today , the editor-in-chief noted in a commentary on Irving's speech that a study by the Kennel Club in collaboration with the British Small Animal Veterinary Association found that 37.4% of all dogs by the age of five had at least one serious illness and adds that the Kennel Club had to remove illnesses such as hip dysplasia , patellar dislocation and hereditary cataracts from the statistics in order to arrive at 90% "healthy breeds".
On October 5, 2008, Margaret Carter, who had spoken in the film about the syringomyelia of the best-in-show winner, was voted out of the board of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club (CKCSC) at an extraordinary general meeting with reference to a "breach of trust". The Kennel Club commented on this decision as questionable. In January 2009 she ran again and was elected by silent election . After the club's president, vice president, and actuary threatened to resign in response, she withdrew her candidacy and has since left the club.
Since the film was broadcast, cat breeders have also faced increased criticism from veterinary and animal welfare organizations. Persian cats ( brachycephaly ), Scottish Folds (lop ears) and Munchkin Shorthairs (legs that are too short) are particularly criticized as torture breeds .
Sponsorship
After the film was broadcast, the BBC asked the Kennel Club to exclude twelve breeds from participating in Crufts for animal welfare reasons. When the Kennel Club declined, the BBC stated that it would stop broadcasting Crufts after 42 years. As a result, the Crufts lose a six-figure sum every year.
The UK's largest animal welfare organization, the RSPCA, the charitable People's Dispensary for Sick Animals and the Dogs Trust have also ended their support for the exhibition in response to the film. On October 24th, the main sponsor, dog food manufacturer Pedigree Petfoods, also withdrew after 44 years, which means an estimated annual loss of £ 500,000 to 1,500,000 for Crufts. A week later, dog food manufacturer Hill's also ended sponsorship of the show.
Revised breed standards
On October 7, 2008, the Kennel Club announced that it would have all breed standards checked for health problems and that show judges would now also have to take health problems into account when placing their placements. He also demanded that the government should be able to impose sanctions against breeders who did not adhere to minimum health requirements. This has been criticized by some racial clubs as an overreaction. On January 12, 2009, the Kennel Club published the revised breed standards, which in its view “no longer contain requirements that could promote traits that could hinder dogs breathing, walking and seeing […] This is a contribution, exaggerations in the To oppose breeding, which some breeders consider desirable, but at the same time can damage the health of the dogs. ”In addition, from March 1, 2009, matings between parents and offspring of the first generation and between full siblings were prohibited. The show regulations were also adjusted so that judges are only allowed to award healthy dogs and are given the competence to disqualify sick dogs.
The film's producer, Jemima Harrison, commented on these changes as "long overdue". The RSPCA's chief veterinarian welcomed the inbreeding ban, but considered the standard changes to be inadequate and was concerned about their interpretation in the show ring.
Some breeders and breed clubs have threatened legal action against the Kennel Club in response to the new standards and regulations. The English Bulldog Club has rejected the new standard for its breed.
Complain to Ofcom
The Kennel Club complained to the BBC's Office of Communications (Ofcom) after the film was broadcast, and the BBC investigated it. The results were published on December 9, 2009 and rejected four of the five objections. The Kennel Club's complaint that it had not been given sufficient opportunity to reply was partially approved: Of the 15 corresponding points, the comparison of eugenics and Hitler, the comparison with National Socialist racial theory and the implied claim that the Crufts winner's operation was concealed been violated this right.
RSPCA report
In February 2009 the results of an independent research report by the animal welfare organization RSPCA were published. These stated that "exaggerated anatomical features and hereditary diseases are a serious problem in pedigree dogs." The report quoted from Arman (2007) that breeders and parts of the veterinary profession are so desensitized that breeding anatomically deformed dogs is no more than shocking or shocking feel abnormal. Today's breeding programs have also remained unsuccessful in reducing these problems, so that innovations in breeding and selection are imperative. The Kennel Club criticized the report, which, in its opinion, did not sufficiently recognize the successes already achieved.
Parliamentary inquiry
In response to the film, the UK Parliament's Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare also conducted an investigation into breed-related defects in pedigree dogs. The results of this investigation were published in November 2009 and came to the conclusion that "serious health and animal welfare problems existed in pedigree dogs" which are at least partially caused by modern breeding practices. The report made various recommendations, including that breed standards should be based less on "visual aesthetics " and rather that the question should be placed in the foreground as to whether the dogs bred could fulfill their original task ("fitness for purpose"). The health tests available should be aggressively promoted, and dogs that have not received them should be noted on their papers and excluded from the championship. The research also noted that "the Kennel Club should decide whether registering pedigree dogs or health and animal welfare should be its primary goal" and should act accordingly in the future.
The Accredited Breeder Scheme is an award from the Kennel Club designed to help puppy buyers find a responsible breeder. The report criticizes this assessment as misleading as it appears that some of its breeders have had poor quality standards and may lead buyers to believe that puppies from this program may not suffer from health and / or welfare issues. He recommends more unannounced inspections to ensure better quality, and also states that the word "pedigree dog" should always stand for the high quality of a breed and that corresponding quality claims should not be restricted to a subgroup of breeders.
According to the report, an inadequate response from the Kennel Club would require a response from the legislature. The Kennel Club published a response to the report, which the director criticized as inadequate.
Bateson Report
In January 2010, a peer-reviewed scientific study was published under the direction of the zoologist Sir Patrick Bateson , which was co-funded by the Kennel Club among others. She came to the conclusion that the one-sided breeding with regard to show successes in many breeds has led to drastic changes within the last 50 to 100 years, as certain characteristics described as "breed typical" have been promoted in exaggerated form. In many cases this has led to animal welfare disadvantages for the dogs. Some standards also contain requirements that have been shown to directly affect the health and wellbeing of dogs.
“For outsiders, it is incomprehensible that someone can admire an animal with breathing or walking difficulties, let alone acquire it. Yet there are people who are passionate about keeping, breeding, and loving such dogs, even though they obviously have serious health problems and wellbeing limitations. [...] Regardless of the motivations of the breeders, it is certainly time that our society as a whole took a stand against the animal welfare problems that are obviously present in dog breeding. "
The report shows how exhibitions and judges' decisions that are made on these can have a strong influence on the breeds, which is proven by the sometimes massive changes in the phenotype of some breeds. This influence of the exhibitions can now also be used to achieve the desired animal welfare goals. Breed standards should then be changed so that they create incentives for breeding healthy dogs and this should also be rewarded in the show ring.
Inbreeding is also viewed critically in the report: it is caused by the small founder population of most dog breeds ( founder effect ), the deliberate use of inbreeding to consolidate certain phenotypic characteristics and the closed stud books . Inbreeding can eliminate certain harmful traits through purging , but on the other hand it can also establish disadvantageous traits in a breed and reduce the fitness of the dogs ( inbreeding depression ). In addition to the breeding of parents with offspring of the first generation and of full siblings, which the Kennel Club banned in response to the film, the report also recommends avoiding breeding between grandparents and offspring of the second generation. In breeds with insufficient genetic variability, cross-breeding should also be considered.
Finally, the report also recommends the creation of an advisory committee on dog breeding, since the Kennel Club, as the representative of dog breeders, has an obvious conflict of interest in monitoring its members . This could establish a separate scheme for quality assurance to help potential puppy buyers with the selection of breeders. He recommends the Kennel Club as a possible alternative to having their Accredited Breeder Scheme ISO certified .
German version
In February 2009, a German version of the film was broadcast on Swiss television under the title “Rassereine Krüppel - dogs bred to death”.
Web links
- Pedigree Dogs Exposed on the BBC website
- Pedigree Dogs Exposed on the Passionate Productions website
- The director's blog about the film
- Pedigree Dogs Exposed in the Internet Movie Database (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pedigree dogs plagued by disease , BBC News Online. August 19, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Page to be continued on bbc.co.uk, accessed on March 11, 2013
- ↑ Clare Rusbridge: Syringomelia
- ^ Neil Wilkes: 'Secret Millionaire' breaks ratings record , Digital Spy. August 20, 2008. Accessed December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Ronnie Irving: Statement about the forthcoming BBC program 'Pedigree Dogs Exposed' - BBC1, Tuesday 19th August, 9pm . The Kennel Club . August 8, 2008. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved on December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Kennel Club hits back at BBC Dog Documentary . The Kennel Club . August 20, 2008. Archived from the original on December 20, 2009. Retrieved on December 31, 2009.
- ^ The Kennel Club's Plans Following the Broadcast of Passionate Productions Program - Pedigree Dogs Exposed . The Kennel Club . September 11, 2008. Archived from the original on December 25, 2009. Retrieved on December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Questions about Pedigree dogs raised by the BBC Program 'Pedigree Dogs Exposed' . The Kennel Club . September 11, 2008. Archived from the original on December 20, 2009. Retrieved on December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Haroon Siddique: Crufts organizers lodge Ofcom complaint over BBC documentary , guardian.co.uk. September 17, 2008. Accessed December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Response to BBC program “Pedigree Dogs Exposed” ( Memento of the original from December 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Rhodesian Ridgeback Club of Great Britain
- ↑ General Code of Ethics ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The Rhodesian Ridgeback Club of Great Britain (as of May 17, 2009, retrieved from the web archive)
- ↑ KC chairman hits back . In: Dog World . August 28, 2008. Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ^ Beverley Cuddy: Comment: Beverley Cuddy, Editor Dogs Today: How the Kennel Club have reacted to the recent documentary Pedigree Dogs Exposed . In: The Times , September 16, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Individual Breed Results for Purebred Dog Health Survey . The Kennel Club . August 18, 2006. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Kennel Club Statement on the CKCSC Special General Meeting
- ^ Valerie Elliott: Margaret Carter, critic of pedigree dog breeding, quits club . In: The Times , January 17, 2009. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
- ↑ Jasper Copping: Inbred pedigree cats suffering from life-threatening diseases and deformities . In: The Daily Telegraph , March 14, 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
- ↑ Inbreeding makes pedigree cats diseased and deformed, animal welfare groups warn . In: Daily Mail , March 15, 2009. Retrieved November 8, 2009.
- ↑ BBC drops Crufts from schedule , BBC News Online. December 12, 2008. Accessed December 31, 2009.
- ^ Crufts 2009 Goes On Without the BBC . The Kennel Club . December 12, 2008. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010. Retrieved on December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Urmee Khan: Kennel Club changes breeding rules after BBC suspends Crufts . In: The Daily Telegraph , January 13, 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Nicole Martin: Kennel Club to review every pedigree dog breed in Britain . In: The Daily Telegraph , October 7, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Urgent change needed to save pedigree dog RSPCA News. September 19, 2008
- ↑ John Garth John Garth: Top veterinary charity pulls out of Crufts over 'unacceptable' breeding practices, . In: Daily Mail , November 5, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ A b Valerie Elliott: Kennel Club plans spot checks to uncover cruel breeders . In: The Times , October 28, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Hills Latest Company to Withdraw From Crufts . In: K9 Magazine , October 29, 2008. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Valerie Elliott: Kennel Club changes breeding rules to end cruelty . In: The Times , October 8, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Kennel Club Announces Healthy New Year Regulations for Pedigree Dogs . The Kennel Club . January 12th, 2009. Archived from the original on April 21st, 2009. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Reform to protect pedigree dogs , BBC News Online. January 14, 2009. Accessed December 31, 2009.
- ^ Breed council rejects KC's new Bulldog Standard . In: Dog World . December 18, 2008. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ^ Valerie Elliott: Healthier new bulldog will lose its Churchillian jowl: Kennel Club standards will improve welfare . In: The Times , January 14, 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ↑ Watchdog backs off over BBC's pedigree breeders exposé . In: The Times , November 10, 2009.
- ↑ Ofcom: Complaint by the Kennel Club made on its behalf by Schillings Pedigree Dogs Exposed, BBC1, August 19, 2008 . In: Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin . No. 148 , December 21, 2009, p. 20–57 ( online [PDF; 822 kB ; accessed on October 10, 2012]).
- ↑ Koharik Arman: A new direction for kennel club regulations and breed standards . In: Canadian Veterinary Journal . Vol. 48, September 2007, pp. 953-965 , PMC 1950109 (free full text) - (English).
- ↑ Nicola Rooney, David Sargan: Pedigree dog breeding in the UK: a major welfare concern? ( PDF ) Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals . February 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ^ Kennel Club Response to RSPCA Survey . The Kennel Club . February 9, 2009. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
- ↑ A Healthier Future for Pedigree Dogs ( PDF ; 723 kB) Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare. November 2009. Accessed on October 10, 2012. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Kennel Club Response to The Associate Parliamentary Group for Animal Welfare's (APGAW) Report . The Kennel Club . November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved on November 7, 2009.
- ^ Pedigree Dogs Exposed Filmmaker Speaks About APGAW Report . K9 magazine. November 3, 2009. Archived from the original on November 6, 2009. Retrieved on November 7, 2009.
- ^ Patrick Bateson: Independent Inquiry into Dog Breeding . January 14, 2010. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
- ↑ Announcement from Rassereine Krüppel - dogs bred to death on SF1
