Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried

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Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried
Pond on the Ried nature trail
Pond on the Ried nature trail
Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried (Germany)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 47 ° 54 ′ 11 "  N , 9 ° 23 ′ 35"  E
Location: Baden-Wuerttemberg , Germany
Next city: Ostrach and Wilhelmsdorf
Surface: 7.79 km²
Founding: 1941
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The Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried (formerly Pfrunger Ried ) is after the Federsee with 2600 hectares the second largest contiguous moor area in southwest Germany.

location

The reed lies at an average altitude of 610  m above sea level. NN in the districts of Ravensburg and Sigmaringen , near the communities of Wilhelmsdorf and Ostrach . It is surrounded by tertiary molasse mountains, which reach their highest peaks in the Rinkenburg ( 718  m above sea level ) and the Höchst ( 837.8  m above sea level ).

Only small parts of the formerly almost 3000 hectare moor area have been preserved. Almost 2,000 hectares were turned into grassland and around 400 hectares were planted with birch and black alder . 120 hectares of water were created by cutting peat ; as a result, the low and intermediate moor areas in particular have disappeared apart from a few remains. However, the raised bogs have largely been preserved and cover an area of ​​almost 150 hectares.

The Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried nature reserve covers an area of ​​780 hectares since 1980. It is looked after both scientifically and in terms of adventure education and is accessible to visitors on several educational trails.

history

Emergence

Today's moorland is a remnant of a post-glacial lake which, after the Rhine glacier melted, gradually filled with sediments and mineral deposits and thus partially silted up. Thus arose fens and in some places above them raised bogs . These areas were characterized by depth and wetness and were not suitable for permanent human settlement. However, solid islands were also formed by mineral flooding, on which the first solid human settlements arose. However, the core area of ​​the area remained unpopulated and was considered unbuildable, inferior land.

colonization

The marshland was rather sparsely populated for many centuries. It was not until the 18th century that major landings took place. The states of Baden , Hohenzollern and Württemberg met in Pfrunger Ried . The forests around the reed and the moor itself offered robbers and servants , like those of the "Black Veri" ( Xaver Hohenleiter ) in the spring of 1819, quick retreats and hiding places, which sometimes made it difficult to prosecute across national borders.

Wilhelmsdorf

In 1824 this area was transferred by the royal Württemberg administration to a religiously religious community of brothers with special rights and obligations. This was to avoid further emigration of non-Catholics from the country, which was already weakened after the Napoleonic Wars .

This is how the Wilhelmsdorf settlement was created, named after its donor, King Wilhelm I of Württemberg. The sectarians who lived without private property in the first decades were viewed with great skepticism by the residents of neighboring Catholic communities .

In the beginning of the 20th century , the area experienced a brief prosperity due to peat extraction. Today Wilhelmsdorf is a prosperous place that still breathes the spirit of the former Brethren in many respects. The municipality has excellent facilities, especially in the school system and in the social sector.

Since the 19th century , when Wilhelmsdorf was founded, the reed has been drained, cultivated and peat extracted. Peat extraction was banned in 1996, but when it is drained, oxygen gets into the peat layer and ensures that the peat continues to shrink through microbial degradation. Nitrogen and carbon contained in the peat escape in the form of climate-relevant gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. Thus, the preservation of the moor is a contribution to climate protection.

Interventions

Around 2,000 hectares of the former 2,600 hectare bog wilderness have been converted into grassland by humans, 360 hectares are planted with birch forest or forest, 100 hectares have been turned into water by the peat cutters. There are still largely undisturbed raised bog biotopes on 130 hectares.

Bog areas

The low and intermediate bog areas have shrunk to just under ten hectares - caused both by natural change and by human intervention (drainage, backfilling, fertilization and peat extraction). The only natural still water in the Pfrunger Ried is the 5.5 hectare Lengenweiler lake. This dead ice hole , already on the inner young moraine near Wilhelmsdorf, was never part of the Pfrunger Ursee, which is now completely muddy.

Lakes and ponds

Pentagonal pond

The approximately 3.5 hectare pentagonal pond was built in the 1920s, when industrial peat mining began, excavators replaced the previous hand-operated peat cutting machines, and small peat digging ponds became quarry ponds . The development of the pentagonal pond with transitional bog swinging lawns is left to nature, in the future natural water silting up can be observed.

  • D-BW-Ostrach - Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried - Füneckweiher 004.JPG
  • D-BW-Ostrach - Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried - Füneckweiher 005.JPG
  • D-BW-Ostrach - Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried - Füneckweiher 006.JPG
  • D-BW - Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried - Fünfeckweiher 008.JPG

Hundsche ponds

The silted-up peat cuttings were made at the beginning of the 20th century , then were used for fish farming and are now a habitat for an interesting world of birds .

Peat dredging lakes

The peat dredging lakes near Riedhof were created from the middle of the 19th century, also through industrial peat mining, until after the Second World War .

Bird lake

The bird lake , created from 1970 to 1996 by industrial peat extraction, is a habitat for beavers and kingfisher .

Nature reserve

The nature reserve began in the 1940s. The then Federation for Homeland Security in Württemberg and Hohenzollern bought an area of ​​50 hectares of lakes and silted peat cuttings from the legacy of industrial peat extraction from the Bosch company. Until the 1990s, the Swabian Heimatbund acquired another 130 hectares.

Conservation Center

At the beginning of 1990, the Wilhelmsdorf community acquired an older residential and commercial building for nature conservation purposes. The property was next to the first part of the Ried teaching path, which was laid out in the 1980s. In 1994 the building was able to start operating as the Wilhelmsdorf nature conservation center . The contractual basis was a 25-year license agreement between the municipality and the Schwäbische Heimatbund (SHB). Since 1997 environmental education and nature education have been offered in addition to reed care. The unheatable summer classroom was built in 1997 and the nature adventure school was built in 2000. Every year 5,000 to 6,000 schoolchildren visit the nature conservation center. The natural history of the reed and its origins are explained to visitors in exhibitions and on educational trails, and special educational programs on the subject of the environment are offered for schools.

In April 2010, the ground-breaking ceremony took place for a new building in modular timber construction made from local silver fir wood with four areas: exhibition with events, seminar area with reception, administration with workshop and a warehouse. The joint project by the community and the Heimatbund was moved into in 2011 and had an investment volume of 1.8 million euros, with the house being run as a public facility and the Heimatbund acting as the operator. The construction was funded by the federal government's future investment program in the amount of 900,000 euros. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the SHB has received around 400,000 euros in funding from the nature conservation fund. An in-roof photovoltaic system, which is an integral part of the roof, was financed by the Schmid-Maier-Rube-Stiftung Stuttgart.

There is also the foundation "Naturschutz Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried", a foundation under civil law with its seat in Wilhelmsdorf, to which the federal government, the state, the districts of Sigmaringen (25%) and Ravensburg as well as the four adjacent communities Ostrach, Wilhelmsdorf, Riedhausen, Königseggwald and the Swabian Heimatbund are involved.

Rewetting

The Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried was rated as “very important” by the federal government and was included in the major nature conservation project in 2002. It is one of two major nature conservation projects in Baden-Württemberg that is supported with funding. The funding period is designed for ten years. The aim is to maintain and regenerate the still existing bog, to stop the microbial degradation of exposed peat layers and thus the dissolution of carbon dioxide from the peat, as well as to provide a habitat for rare animal and plant species. The renaturation of the moor area takes place through rewetting.

The Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried has been changed by man for decades. Drainage, peat extraction and agriculture left their mark. The major nature conservation project offers the unique opportunity to let the moor grow again and to give back the habitat to animals and plants that otherwise have no future in the heavily used cultural landscape.

In order to restore the reed to its original state, the project area (approx.2,600 ha) was divided into three zones:

  1. In the project core area (1453 hectares, of which the foundation bought around 290 hectares for 2.6 million euros, 400 hectares were planned), water is being rewetted by installing water-retaining crossbars in drainage channels and by interrupting drainage. Excavators and helicopters are used for this. Among other things, logs are transported to the barriers that are supposed to prevent the water from flowing out of the drainage ditches that were once created. Trench weirs have already led to visible successes in places. The backwater must not go beyond the project core area boundaries.
  2. The buffer zone, which adjoins the core area, is being extended and kept free of bushes, for example by grazing with robust cattle breeds in order to mitigate marginal effects .
  3. Near-natural grassland management should take place in the peripheral areas .

The 6.7 million euro large nature conservation project is financed 65 percent by the federal government, 25 percent by the state, districts and municipalities, and 10 percent by the Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried Nature Conservation Foundation as the project executing agency and the Swabian Heimatbund and should be completed in 2012.

The estimated total costs for rewetting are 3.5 million euros, for biotope design 950,000 euros and for visitor management 350,000 euros. A prerequisite for the implementation of a large part is the acquisition of the remaining private areas in the project core zone by the Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried Foundation. For this alone, 2.6 million euros are earmarked.

  • April 2015
    renaturation work

  • April 2015
    renaturation work

  • May 2015
    Damming structure at the end of the renaturation work

  • August 2015
    first plants have settled

In October 2010, the rewetting measures began in the “Obere Schnöden” area in the Burgweiler district of Ostrach. The "Upper Schnöden" stretch on around 235 hectares as a former flow moor between the already wet high moor "Tisch" and "Großer Trauben". The water that used to flow from west to east was collected in drainages and ditches to gain agricultural land, especially in the 1950s , and thus withdrawn from the land. In order to get back to the original state, the once created drainage structures must first be stopped. The drainage network is dredged in up to 500 places. Then the connections between the pipes are cut, the trench filled in again and compacted. In the trenches, plastic sheet piling is inserted into the bog subsoil to hold the water back so that it can flow back into the surface. So that the plastic walls blend in with the look of the landscape, small earth walls are then built over them. The cost of watering the "Upper Schnöden" is around 1.2 million euros.

At the end of April 2015, work on the impoundment structure was finished. It is built in such a way that, on the one hand, it serves as a dam in the bed of the Tiefenbach brook and thus ensures an optimal water level in the bog, and on the other hand it drains overflowing water in such a way that it cannot cause any damage to the high- pressure gas pipeline running below the Tiefenbach bridge .

Data on the structure
  • Subsoil: up to one meter of peat above ground moraine
  • Construction: 31.5 meter long concrete head beam ( 607.45 m above sea level ) on steel sheet pile box with up to 5.4 meter long steel sheet pile boards 
  • Congestion destination: 607.36  m above sea level NN at mean water

Spell forest

The protected forest in Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried is the largest protected forest in Baden-Württemberg with an area of ​​over 440 hectares . For this purpose, the area "Großer Trauben" with high moor forest, a nature reserve since 1980, Bannwald since 1991, over the Schnodenwiesen in the districts "Tisch" to the Hornung was extended.

  • Reed landscape

  • Bog pond in the edge area

  • The reed in spring

  • Winter in the Pfrunger Ried

criticism

The major nature conservation project led to the establishment of a citizens' initiative. As opponents of rewetting, they fear that their health will be impaired by the increase in the mosquito population and the days of fog; the settlement of aggressive, tropical mosquito species and thus the spread of tropical diseases; Endangering your safety from water-retaining, overgrown hollows; the suppression of settled animal and plant species; incalculable consequences for humans and nature; declining visitor numbers; increased leakage of methane due to flooding of the areas. However, methane emissions can be kept at a low level if the areas are not flooded, but - as planned in the major project - the water level is raised 10 to 30 centimeters below the sward.

ecology

The great biological diversity of the area is underlined by the biodiversity. So far (as of September 2010) around 670 plant species, 39 mammal species (including twelve bat species) and around 210 bird species (including 107 breeding bird species) have been identified in the project area.

fauna

Tree trunk gnawed by a beaver in the Pfrunger Ried

In the Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried, animal species can be found that are otherwise rarely found. Amphibians in particular, the most endangered species of animals, benefited from the bog. Birds such as the common snipe , the stonechat , whinchat or the black stork can be observed. In addition, there has been a beaver population in the reed since 2005 - verifiably since October 2008. In the upper area of ​​the Ostrach , which serves the drainage function here, a few meters below the mouth of the Hornbach, one or more beavers built a dam across the Ostrach. The dam held back thousands of cubic meters of water, whereupon the water has already overflowed its banks not only to the upper edge of the embankment, but to the great annoyance of agricultural businesses in Riedhausen and Laubbach. Adjacent meadows to the right of the Ostrach were flooded. The Hornbach in turn flooded the path between the Ostrachbrücke at the Laubachmühle and the parking lot at Riedhausen. According to the project management, this path is to be maintained in the future as a cycling and hiking path as part of the visitor management. At the end of November 2008, the dams built by the strictly protected rodents in the Ostrach and Tiefenbach from brushwood and branches were removed by 40 centimeters; the structure could not be removed entirely. In order to keep the beavers away from the Ostrach in the future, a wire fence with electricity was laid above the water level.

Since 2005, six herds of robust Galloway , Scottish Highland and Heck cattle have been used for grazing, keeping open and maintaining 180 hectares of the edge areas of the reed reserve.

flora

Round-leaved sundew

The rare round-leaved sundew (photo) is found in the permanently wet areas with nutrient-poor soil, a settlement community with the peat moss .

Hiking trails

In addition to the Ried nature trail described below, the four hiking trails "Weite Wiesen" (12 km), "Bannwald" (around 5.5 km), "Moorseen" (around 6 km) and "Großer Trauben" (around 10 km) are marked. Information boards and maps are set up at the hiking car parks at the nature conservation center, at the Riedhof and in Ulzhausen.

Ried nature trail

Forest lizard at the "overgrown lake"
European pond turtle
Reference to the European watershed

In the 1980s and 1990s, the Pfrunger Ried was developed by the Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU) in cooperation with patients and occupational therapists from the Addiction Clinic, Specialist Hospital Ringgenhof (see Zieglersche Anstalten ) by creating two circular hiking trails and educational trails in the moor. Since then, the maintenance of the circular hiking trails has been carried out by people from the specialist hospital.

There are around 40 boards along the paths; they provide information about the formation of the reed, the moor ecosystems, animals and plants.

Stations (selection)

Bannwald Tower

Bannwald Tower

The Bannwald Tower is a 38.8 m high observation tower that the municipality of Ostrach had built in 2016 at the southeast end of the Hornung. 218 steps lead to the roof podium of the wooden tower, from which there is a 360 ° panoramic view of the Bannwald and the Ried.

The dispute over the name

A local political curiosity is the name dispute of the moor area: The name "Pfrunger Ried" has become commonplace among the population.

On the homepage of the municipality of Ostrach , however, there is a note about the naming: Since the larger part of the reed lies in the district of the municipality of Ostrach, the designation "Burgweiler-Pfrunger Ried" is technically correct and should be replaced by Pfrunger- or Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried be used. The website of the community Wilhelmsdorf , however, speaks of the "Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried".

See also

literature

  • Lothar Zier: The Pfrunger Ried . Schwäbischer Heimatbund Stuttgart, 2nd edition, 1998, ISBN 3-88251-255-5 .
  • A. Wagner, I. Wagner: Pfrunger Ried, maintenance and development plan . Beih. Publ. Nature Conservation Landscape Management Bad.-Württ. 85, Karlsruhe 1996, ISSN  0342-6858 .
  • Schwenkel, Hans : Description and appreciation. Publ. Württ. Landesstelle Naturschutz Landschaftspflege 18: 60-67. Stuttgart 1949 (PDF download, 48 MB)

Web links

Commons : Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Josef Unger: Visions on soft ground . In: Südkurier of November 5, 2011
  2. ↑ a b c d e Sabine Hug Zoff about water . In: Südkurier of May 22, 2010
  3. ^ A b c d Siegfried Volk: Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried . In: Südkurier from September 20, 2010
  4. ↑ www.seenprogramm.de ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.seenprogramm.de
  5. ↑ Information board "Der Fünfeckweiher" of the Riedlehrpfad Burgweiler am Fünfeckweiher
  6. ^ A b Siegfried Volk: Nature Conservation Center Wilhelmsdorf . In: Südkurier of April 21, 2010
  7. ^ A b Siegfried Volk: Groundbreaking ceremony for nature conservation center . In: Südkurier of April 21, 2010
  8. ↑ Sabine Hug: The intermediate step has been mastered . In: Südkurier from November 15, 2010
  9. ^ A b Siegfried Volk: Minister wandering into the Ried . In: Südkurier of May 14, 2010
  10. ^ A b c Siegfried Volk: Kreis continues to support Ried project . In: Südkurier of October 22, 2010
  11. ^ Vera Romeu: Environment, Culture and School Committee. Councils agree to moor expansion . In: Schwäbische Zeitung of October 21, 2010
  12. ↑ a b c d e f Sabine Hug: This is how the moor should regenerate . In: Südkurier of May 22, 2010
  13. ↑ Peat moss and Riedenmeckeler . In: Südkurier from April 28, 2010
  14. ↑ Florian Unger: Nature. Dam across the Ostrach. Beavers are at work in Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried - worrying about congestion and flooded meadows . In: Südkurier of November 11, 2008
  15. ↑ Julia Freyda: Nature Conservation Project . Pfrunger Ried: Wet bogs help the climate . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from October 30, 2010
  16. ^ Information from the Foundation for Nature Conservation Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried am Bauwerk; May 2015
  17. ↑ Ruth Broda: In Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried, one of the largest forest areas in Baden-Württemberg is emerging. Where nature can still be nature . In: Südkurier of December 31, 2008
  18. ↑ According to Pia Wilhelm, head of the nature conservation center of the Swabian Heimatbund Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried in Wilhelmsdorf and beaver consultant on the upper reaches of the Ostrach in the Fleischwangen area. Cf. beaver also gnaws at the nerves . In: Südkurier of August 7, 2010
  19. ↑ Josef Unger: Water stagnation in Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried removed during work. Beaver dam now a little lower . In: Südkurier of November 21, 2008
  20. ↑ Sabine Hug: Cattle graze for nature conservation . In: Südkurier of September 30, 2010
  21. ↑ Flyer Wilde Moorlandschaft Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried - hiking trails of the Foundation for Nature Conservation Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried
  22. ↑ http://www.nabuwilhelmsdorf.de/
  23. ↑ Bannwald Tower in Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried on the website of the Northern Lake Constance holiday region
  24. ↑ ostrach.de , link nature
  25. ↑ gemeinde-wilhelmsdorf.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Link nature@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gemeinde-wilhelmsdorf.de