Donald Duck

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Donald Duck as a plastic figure in front of the then headquarters of the Ehapa Verlag in Leinfelden-Echterdingen (1990s)

Donald Duck ( English [ ˈdɑːnəld dʌk ]) is a comic and cartoon character from the US-American Disney studio. It has the shape of an anthropomorphic duck . Donald Duck - with full name Donald Fauntleroy Duck - belongs to the fictional Duck family and lives in Duckburg .

history

"Donald Duck" was first mentioned as a friend of Mickey Mouse in a picture book called The Adventures of Mickey Mouse in 1931 . Donald was not in it, however.

On June 9, 1934 appeared The Wise Little Hen (The Wise Little Hen), the first cartoon with Donald Duck, but where it is only a minor character. This was followed by other supporting roles in the Mickey Mouse cartoons until Donald got his own series. The first short film in the series, Don Donald , premiered on January 9, 1937. Daisy Duck also made her first appearance in this film .

In 1938, Donald's three nephews named Tick, Trick and Track were introduced as additional characters, who from then on regularly live with him in the cartoons and comics, as their mother Della Duck set off on an expedition from which she has not yet returned. Your father is unknown.

Like other Disney characters, Donald was used extensively in American war propaganda from 1941 to 1945. The animated short film Donald Gets Drafted from 1942 revealed that Donald's full name is Donald Fauntleroy Duck. In 1943 the Donald Duck cartoon Der Fuehrer's Face was honored with an Oscar for its portrayal against Adolf Hitler and his regime . In this film Donald was portrayed as a simple assembly line worker in a German ammunition factory, desperate because of the totalitarian Nazi regime .

At the height of 3D films in the 1950s, Donald also experienced an adventure “ with glasses ”: Working for Peanuts (1953). The film was only shown again in 3D in 2007 in the opening act for the 3D film Meet the Robinsons ( Meet the Robinsons ).

From Walt Disney himself was determined that Donald was "born" on a Friday the 13th, embellish its status as Unlucky - hence its license plates "313," which alludes to it. In the cartoon Donald's Happy Birthday (1949) March 13th is mentioned as a birthday. The draftsman Don Rosa then set 1920 as the year of his birth. However, various comic episodes record that Donald's birthday is on June 9, 1934, the 1934 publication date of The Wise Little Hen .

In 2004 Donald Duck received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6840 Hollywood Blvd.

comics

Carl Barks (1994), the most famous Donald Duck draftsman

In 1936 Donald received his own comic series, which appeared as a daily strip and Sunday page in numerous daily newspapers . The comics were usually no longer than four pictures. Al Taliaferro was the draftsman of these comics for a long time, while Bob Karp wrote the lyrics. Grandma Duck also appeared in these short stories from 1940 . Some of these stripes were reprinted in the Funny Pocket Books numbers 230 to 245. The Donald Duck comic books also initially contained reprints of these newspaper comics. From 1942, Carl Barks also drew longer stories exclusively for the magazine series.

Barks introduced other characters. These included Donald's rich uncle Dagobert Duck (1947), as an antagonist his cousin Gustav Gans (1948), who seems to be fortunate enough, a gang of criminals called Panzerknacker (1951), the eccentric inventor Daniel Düsentrieb (1952) and later Dagobert Duck's archenemy Gundel Gaukeley (1964), a witch who wants to capture his first self-earned ten - in some translations it is a thaler - because this apparently has alchemical powers.

William Van Horn is one of the best-known still active cartoonists of the Donald Duck comics .

Donald Duck in German-speaking countries

On February 26, 1935, the first cartoon with Donald Duck The Wise Little Hen was released in German cinemas. This remained the only Donald film in Germany until the end of the war, as Disney shortly afterwards stopped the export of further films to the German Reich due to foreign currency export restrictions. Five other animated films with Donald Duck were shown in Austria before no further films were exported there.

Some of Donald Duck's stories were published in Germany in 1938 in the magazine " Funny Leaves" under the title "Hanns der Enterich". In the Swiss Mickey Mouse newspaper (1937, 19 issues) Donald appeared under the name "Schnatterich" and in four issues of the Austrian children's magazine " Schmetterling " as "Emmerich".

In the Mickey Mouse series, which has been published by Ehapa- Verlag since 1951 , Donald takes up more pages from the start than the eponymous mouse. Since 1967 the adventures of Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse have been published very successfully as a funny paperback .

Until the mid-1970s, Erika Fuchs was responsible for the Germanization of the Donald Duck stories. It also shaped the typical characters of the Entenhausen protagonists known in the German-language editions. In 1988 she gave the Mickey Mouse editor-in-chief and with it responsibility for the translations of the Donald Duck stories into the hands of Dorit Kinkel .

The first edition of Mickey Mouse from 1951 is sold as a collector's item for several thousand euros; however, there are several reprints. An original copy is in the publisher's safe.

The Donald Duck character

Donald, son of Dortel and Degenhard Duck , is a choleric prone to outbursts who is constantly plagued by financial worries and mishaps. He is notoriously unlucky who always loses out, especially with his relatives. Donald does not have a regular job. In return, he keeps himself afloat with a wide variety of jobs, which he will sooner or later give up due to lack of talent or from which he will be dismissed. In some stories he works in a margarine factory owned by his uncle Dagobert Duck. He is quite lazy and prefers to spend his free time in the hammock . He feels an unwavering affection for his fiancée Daisy Duck without the relationship between the two ever leading to marriage. As in many other things, his cousin Gustav Gans is his rival in the battle for Daisy. This often goes two ways and can be done by both Donald and Gustav.

But Donald suffers greatly from the fact that luck flies straight to the lucky guy Gustav, while he himself struggles through life. His second opponent is his uncle, the fantastic billionaire Dagobert Duck. Parallel to the contrast between luck and bad luck with his cousin Gustav, another dualism is built up in Donald's life: wealth and poverty. He is constantly forced to borrow money from his hard-hearted uncle, which allows him to exercise power over Donald or blackmail him with Donald's several meters long list of debts . In addition, the childless Dagobert lures his nephew to bequeath him his inheritance one day. This enables the stingy billionaire to use Donald for menial work or as escort on expeditions. Donald has custody of his three little nephews Tick, Trick and Track, who are mentally superior to him.

Phantomias

PK icon.svg

Phantomias ( Italian Paperinik , British Avenger Duck , Amer. Super-Duck ) is an alter ego of Donald Duck, originally created to let Donald take revenge at night as a superhero on people who plan and carry out crimes, such as: B. on the phantom. With the help of some inventions by Daniel Düsentrieb, Donald can triumph over his adversaries, even if only in secret. This figure was introduced by Italian draftsmen and was therefore particularly successful in the Italian Donald Duck comics that appear in Topolino , the counterpart of the German magazine Micky Mouse , but also in Germany. The first mention takes place in LTB No. 41 in the story The Metamorphosis . Based on this story, the reader learns that Phantomias probably goes back to the brilliant thief Fantômas .

Donald is always on the lookout when it comes to his disguise being blown, so he uses a remote-controlled doll - while he is on site at the same time - and similar tricks to ensure that he can hardly be considered a phantomia. Nevertheless, he gets embarrassed in many stories because Daisy Phantomias and Donald want to have a birthday at the same time. Donald pretends to be Phantomias' best friend and appears to be providing him with information. At the same time, Donald is often the beneficiary of Phantomias' "semi-legal" activities.

Phantomias' hiding place is in the basement of Donald's house. A wardrobe pull-out in the bedroom leads to the underground domicile and from there to the garage or through the chimney to the fresh air.

The history of origin

In the 1960s, many children complained to Mondadori, the editor of the Italian Disney comics, that Donald was always a loser. The author Guido Martina and the draftsman Giovan Battista Carpi then gave Donald a secret identity as an avenger. The Italian name Paperinik was an allusion to the popular comic series Diabolik with the eponymous master criminal as the main character, while the German name Phantomias is obviously an allusion to Fantômas .

Between June 8 and 15, 1969, the first Phantomias story appeared in Italy, Paperinik il diabolico vendicatore ("Phantomias the devilish avenger"). In Germany, the story was published in Walt Disney's Lustigem Taschenbuch Volume 41, Donald in a completely different way , new title Now comes Phantomias , under the title The Metamorphosis and as a new edition of the comic book.

In the story, the eternal loser Donald Duck takes the Villa Rosa for himself through a mistake by the postman . The community of Duckburg organized a competition in which the Villa Rosa was raffled. There lived the impoverished nobleman Phantomias, in Italian "Fantomius", who stole the rich of his time in order to get revenge on them. The legacy of the "Ex-Phantomias", which Gustav Gans had actually won, was auctioned. Donald discovers the "secret diary of Phantomias" in the villa and decides to follow in his footsteps. Daniel Düsentrieb equips Donald's car, the 313, into a high-tech vehicle à la Batmobile . The car has henceforth various facilities like an ejection seat and has two license plates, 313 and X .

Over time, the figure of Phantomias developed from an avenger to a superhero. Instead of going out on his own, Donald usually only slips into the costume to hunt down criminals, and Daniel Düsentrieb supports him with other, sometimes crazy, inventions. His regular opponents include the Panzerknacker and Klaas Klever . In the course of time, like any other superhero, he has had a lot of super opponents, including the Egyptian vulture (LTB 164), hypnotist Spectakulus (LTB 157) and Mister X (LTB 388). His stories have since been published in almost every Funny Paperback book.

The new Phantomias

Until the 1980s, stories with phantomias appeared regularly in Italian comics. In the 1990s, however, many Italian draftsmen gave up this figure. It was not until 1996 that the Phantomias figure was completely realigned in Italy under the title Paperinik - New Adventures (PKNA). This series takes place in a duckling away from the history invented by Carl Barks and the Italian draftsmen. In the zero number, Phantomias meets supercomputer one , which from then on becomes his permanent advisor. Headquarters will be relocated from Donald's home to Ducklair Tower , a 151-story building built by multimillionaire Everett Ducklair . Donald's wealthy uncle Dagobert Duck was able to buy the building cheaply after the mysterious disappearance of Ducklair. In PKNA, Donald / Phantomias must primarily fend off the invasion of the alien Evronians. There are other super enemies, but also new allies like the alien Xadhoom or the android Klarissa from the future.

From 2001 the follow-up series PK 2 appeared , which started at the end of PKNA and ran for 18 episodes. In 2002 it was decided to start again under the title PK Pikappa . This series no longer has any connection to the classic Phantomias and tells the story of its origins completely from the start. PK is an abbreviation that was created by a kind of " Green Lantern Corps" that Donald chose to defend the earth. After 32 albums, the series was discontinued. It has not yet been published in Germany and will probably not be for a long time.

In 2014, a fourth series was started in Italy under the title Universo PK , in which the classic Phantomias fights against the original opponents of the new Phantomias. These comics did not appear in individual albums, but as part of the monthly Paperinik Appgrade series in Italy . With six stories, this series is complete. It has not yet been published in other countries.

However, the great success of PKNA and its successor series has also resulted in the classic Phantomias receiving more attention from the illustrators. In particular, several stories have appeared in recent years relating to Phantomias' origins at Villa Rosa.

German publications

PKNA's first publication in German-speaking countries was a series of booklets that began in 1996 and whose title was simply "Phantomias". Because the first episode could not be printed for licensing reasons, there was a summary of this story in volume 1. As in the Italian booklets, in addition to the stories, editorial pages were published explaining Phantomias' weapons and opponents. Due to lack of demand, the series was discontinued in 1997 with issue 9.

A second attempt at publication was started in 1999. The title and cover of the new series were identical to the first, but they were softcover albums with a lower circulation and a higher price. In addition to the new editions of the first series, the first episode was released in 2000 as a limited zero number in black and white and the series continued through volume 14 before being discontinued in 2000.

In 2005, episodes 2-4 (without editorial pages) also appeared in volume 9 of the Bild Comic-Bibliothek, a collection of important comics published by Weltbild Verlag and the BILD newspaper .

A third publication by Egmont Ehapa Verlag is currently taking place in the series Lustiges Taschenbuch Premium , which began in 2011 and contains series beyond the classic duck house. So far, volumes 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 and 25 have been dedicated to the PKNA series. Since these volumes are significantly thicker than those of the first two series, volume 9 already contained first publications of main episodes. The short stories about the series that were not included in the old series will also be printed, but not the editorial pages.

Agent DoppelDuck

Agent DoppelDuck is another Donald Duck alter ego who experiences his stories in Disney's Funny Paperback . He works as an agent in the "Agency" that fights against crimes and conspiracies of all kinds and maintains the peace. The story is derived from the legendary agent film James Bond and comes from Italy. The series was invented by Fausto Vitaliano (author) and Andrea Freccero (draftsman), the latter being the actual inventor. Many different artists worked on the first 20 episodes. Agent DoppelDuck made its first appearance in Germany in the Lustigen Taschenbuch No. 384. In the meantime, further stories have been published in the LTB.

Career as a DoppelDuck agent

After an argument with his girlfriend Daisy and his chained car, Donald was at the fine where he is supposed to pay an expensive ticket. Donald notes with irritation that he didn't know what he was doing for three days. A mysterious woman, who later turns out to be Agent Kay-K, gives him the answer. She leads Donald to the headquarters of the "agency", where he is reactivated as an agent. He had previously worked as an agent for this for three days and shortly before graduation he met the leader of the "organization", the agency's opponent. This pushed him from a cliff into the sea. The shock he suffered lost his memory of the mission. His first main task is to keep an eye on the two agents Black-B and Berry-B, as they should have a list of all the identities of the "agency" and want to sell them to someone. The truth is, Kay-K is the criminal. She is first taken away, but it turns out that she actually works for the agency.

Agent Donald OMA

The OMA (organization for the defense against monsters of all kinds) tears Donald out of his life again and again. Here he takes action against monsters together with Dussel and a few other new characters. B. to prevent any of the existence of these beings from penetrating to the outside world, which is sometimes quite difficult. Or he fights them on the spot and eliminates the problem straight away.

Voice actor

From the invention of Donald Ducks as a character in Disney films in 1933, Clarence Nash lent his voice to him. He contributed his quack not only to the English-language original soundtracks, but also to the international dubbed versions , including the German-language versions . After his death in 1985, Tony Anselmo, personally trained by him, became his successor. Peter Krause has been the German voice actor since 1988 - with the exception of the series DuckTales , for which dialogue director Thomas Keck lent him his voice.

Donaldism

The preoccupation with everything related to Donald Duck and Duckburg (like the phenomenon of "Veronkelung") is called Donaldism . Results and contributions are published in the publication Der Donaldist , the “central organ” of DONALD .

Others

Class 403 Donald Duck of the Deutsche Bundesbahn

The railcars of the class 403 of the Deutsche Bundesbahn received the nickname Donald Duck in 1982, after they had been painted for the Lufthansa Airport Express in the Lufthansa livery, due to the shape and color of the front .

The excursion ship Wappen von Norderney of the shipping company Cassen Eils was named Donald Duck in the early 1980s .

Various video games starring Donald Duck also appeared. One of the first was the C64 game Donald Duck's Playground , released in 1985 . Donald in Maui Mallard was released for the Sega Mega Drive and in 1996 for the Super Nintendo . Donald Duck: Quack Attack was released for Windows 95 , Windows 98 , Windows XP , Dreamcast , PlayStation , Nintendo 64 , PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube , developer was Namco Bandai , one of the designers was Patrice Désilets . Donald Duck: Phantomias - Platyrhyncos Kineticus was developed by Ubisoft and was released for Nintendo GameCube and PlayStation 2.

The name Donald Duck is pronounced differently in German-speaking countries . In addition to the English pronunciation [ ˈdɑːnəld dʌk ], the "Germanized" variant preferred by the Donaldists [ ˈdoːnald dʊk ] is just as common as a combination of a German first name and English surname [ ˈdoːnald dʌk ].

See also

literature

documentary

Web links

Commons : Donald Duck  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Donald Duck  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Flora OˆBrien: Walt Disney's Donald Duck: 50 Years of Happy Frustration. HP Books, Tucson 1984, ISBN 9780895863331 , p. 30.
  2. For example, "Donals Ducks driving license" as the title page of Funny Paperback 479, published on March 29, 2016.
  3. Eckart Sackmann : Words on the way (PDF, 1.3 MB). In: Eckart Sackmann (Ed.): Deutsche Comicforschung 2012 . comicplus +, Hildesheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-89474-218-8 , p. 3.
  4. Article on the Phantomias series on Inducks
  5. Entry on the Phantomias series on Inducks
  6. Article on the Phantomias album series on Inducks
  7. ^ Entry to the Phantomias album series on Inducks
  8. Entry to the picture comic library 9 on Inducks
  9. Entry on LTB Premium on Inducks
  10. Agent DoppelDuck's first appearance in LTB 384. ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lustige-taschenbuecher.de
  11. FAQ on duckfilm.de
  12. Review: Michael Tetzlaff : TV review "The Donald Duck Principle". The failure of the duck. In: Frankfurter Rundschau , July 30, 2014: “We have a society of conformists, ” says Professor Matthias Junge from the University of Rostock in the article.