Rababe Arafi gained her first international experience at the World Cross Country Championships in Mombasa in 2007 , where she was unable to finish her race. She then took part in the 3000 meter run at the World Youth Championships in Ostrava , where she finished twelfth in 9: 47.25 minutes. In 2012 she surprisingly won the 1,500-meter run at the African Championships in Porto-Novo in 4: 05.80 minutes and thus gained international attention for the first time, but did not succeed in qualifying for the Olympic Games in London that same year . In the following year she won the Arab Championships in Doha in 4: 53.92 min over 1500 meters and in 3: 42.10 min also with the Moroccan 4 x 400 meter relay. Then she took part in the Mediterranean Games in Mersin for the first time, but could not finish her run over 1500 meters and was disqualified with the relay. Over 1500 meters she also qualified for the World Championships in Moscow , where she was eliminated in the semifinals with 4: 09.86 minutes. Then she won in 4: 18.70 min at the Francophonie Games in Nice and in 4: 19.27 min at the Islamic Solidarity Games in Palembang . In 2014, she made it to the final at the World Indoor Championships in Sopot , but was disqualified there because of a track violation. At the African Championships in Marrakech , at home , she won the bronze medal in 4: 12.08 minutes behind the Kenyan Hellen Obiri and Dawit Seyaum from Ethiopia. In 2015 she won the silver medal behind the Sudanese Amina Bakhit at the Arab Championships in Madinat Isa in 5: 22.30 minutes . At the World Championships in Beijing , she came fourth in the 800-meter run with 1: 58.90 minutes in the final , while she came ninth in the final with 4: 13.66 minutes over 1500 meters . She then finished fifth at the Military World Games in Mungyeon, South Korea, in 4: 21.17 minutes. In 2016 she was eliminated from the World Indoor Championships in Portland with 4: 10.82 minutes in the first round over 1500 meters. At the
African Championships in Durban , she won the silver medal in 4: 03.95 minutes behind the South African Caster Semenya and finished fifth in the 800-meter run in 2: 01.49 minutes. In both competitions they qualified for the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro , where they their lead could not finish in the 800 meters, while over the longer distance in 4: 15.16 minutes in the finals came in twelfth.
In 2017 she won the Islamic Solidarity Games in Baku in 4: 18.82 minutes and then the Francophonie Games in Abidjan in 4: 17.23 minutes . At the World Championships in London she reached the final in the 1500 meter run , in which she reached eighth place with 4: 04.35 min. She also finished eighth in 4: 14.94 min at the 2018 World Indoor Championships in Birmingham . Then she won in 2: 01.01 min and 4: 12.83 min over 800 and 1500 meters at the Mediterranean Games in Tarragona . In addition, she took fourth place with the Moroccan relay in 3: 33.91 minutes. At the African Championships in Asaba she again won the silver medal over 1500 meters behind the Kenyan Winny Chebet in 4: 14.12 minutes and could not finish her 800-meter run. At the 2019 World Cross Country Championships in Aarhus , she won the silver medal behind Ethiopia with the mixed relay in 26:22 min. In August she won the silver medal over 800 meters behind the Ethiopian Hirut Meshesha at the Africa Games in Rabat in 2: 03.20 minutes . Shortly afterwards she reached the world championships in Doha over 800 meters up to the final , in which she finished seventh in 2: 00.48 minutes.