Ranieri Dandolo

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From the Ca 'Farsetti , since 1826 the City Council of Venice, also called Palazzo Dandolo Farsetti, was long believed to be the "Domus magna" Enrico Dandolos been, but began its construction shortly after his death. Casa Renier Dandolos , which was built "shortly before 1208/09", was rebuilt in 1524 after a fire. In 1664 it was bought by the Tuscan Farsetti family, who had just been accepted into the Great Council.

Ranieri Dandolo († 1209 in Crete ), also Raynerius Dandulo , was vice duke from 1202 to 1205, but also army leader and fleet commander of the Republic of Venice . His father was the Doge Enrico Dandolo , his mother his wife Contessa.

During the time as vice duke he established the appointment of Tommaso Morosini as patriarch of Constantinople , which had been conquered in 1204 . About this he corresponded with Pope Innocent III. He also acted as a legislator, a piece of legislation that marks the cultural and historical change to a much more scriptural jurisprudence and statehood. After his resignation as vice duke, Ranieri began the conquest of Crete against the Genoese . After he had managed to largely conquer the island, he was killed by an arrow shot.

It is unclear whether Vitale Dandolo, also a naval commander, was his brother, or whether he was a son of his father brother Andrea Dandolo. Ranieri Dandolo had a daughter named Anna , who married the Serbian King Stefan Nemanjić around 1216 . Her son Stefan Uroš the Great was King of Hungary from 1243 to 1276 .

Origin, family

Little can be said about Ranieri Dandolo's ancestry. Because of his role in the Fourth Crusade, there is no Doge of the Middle Ages who has been researched as much as his father Enrico Dandolo. However, this has led to an accumulation of errors and contradictions, even in standard works in which Enrico was assigned two marriages and four sons, plus a daughter. Antonio Carile wrote in Volume 3 of the Lexicon of the Middle Ages , published in 1986, that Enrico Dandolo was first married to “Felicita”, a daughter of the procurator of San Marco Pietro Bembo, and the second to Contessa, who possibly belonged to the Minotto family . From these marriages four sons emerged, namely Marino, Ranieri, Vitale and Fantino. According to this, Ranieri had three brothers. Alvise Loredan had also assumed these four sons and the aforementioned two marriages in his work I Dandolo five years before Carile .

A number of assumptions about these relationships, such as the one that Enrico Dandolo married twice, have long been considered dubious. In 1982 Antonino Lombardo had doubts about a first marriage with the said "Felicita". As Andrea Da Mosto wrote, Enrico Dandolo was married to Contessa in 1183 at the latest, as evidenced by a document from the San Zaccaria convent . "Felicita Bembo" - this is where the error according to Thomas Madden can be traced back - appears in a genealogy from 1743.

But for a long time there was not only uncertainty about Dandolo's marriage, but also about his sons. The view that Karl Hopf first took that Marino should be considered the son of Enrico, as Raymond-Joseph Loenertz stated in 1959 , goes back to a confusion with a bearer of the same name. Vitale, who commanded the Venetian fleet off Constantinople, was "possibly a son of his brother Andrea", so not a brother of Ranieri, but his cousin , as Karl-Hartmann Necker assumed in 1999. Certainly only Ranieri, maybe Fantino, counts as Enrico Dandolo's son. Fantino is said to have become the Latin patriarch in the Latin Empire , newly created by the Crusaders in 1204 , which Heinrich Kretschmayr denied more than a century ago. Thomas Madden also denies the existence of a patriarch named Fantino, like a Fantino Dandolo in Venice at the time, who only appears in Marino Sanudo.

In addition to Ranieri as the secure son of Enrico, there are only Vitale as a son or nephew, and only one secure marriage, namely the one with Contessa. She is also Ranieri's mother. But these findings are only slowly gaining ground. In 2006 Marcello Brusegan listed the two marriages and the four sons, as well as a daughter, whose name he does not name, but who is said to have married Boniface of Montferrat , one of the leaders of the Fourth Crusade. Heinrich Kretschmayr had already dismissed this error, which is said to have married a sister or half-sister of Ranieris Bonifaz, and which goes back to Marino Sanudo , in 1905 with the words that the view that it had "a daughter [...], her husband Bonifacio von Montferrat was ”given“ certainly not right ”.

In any case, Ranieri was a member of the twelve most respected, influential and oldest families in Venice, the so-called "apostolic" families. These large groups, defined by their mere kinship, included the Badoer, Barozzi, Contarini , Falier, Gradenigo , Memmo, Michiel, Morosini, Polani, Sanudo and Tiepolo as well as the Dandolo . Especially with the Tiepolo, the Dandolo were in competition for the lead. According to legend, the dandolo appeared around 727 when the (perhaps first) Doge Orso was elected , to whose family several of the oldest families in Venice can be traced back. They provided a total of four doges, namely Giovanni Dandolo , then Francesco and Enrico Dandolo and Andrea Dandolo. Two women in the family were married to Dogen, Giovanna Dandolo to Pasquale Malipiero and Zilia Dandolo to Lorenzo Priuli .

Self-employment, wealth

Ranieri first appears as a witness in February 1198 in a certificate from his aunt Primera, according to Madden. At that time he was already a "wealthy man in his own right". He acquired extensive land holdings, "several times larger than his father's land in San Luca". A little later he began building a city palace on the Grand Canal.

Vice duke

The course of the Fourth Crusade and the establishment of the Latin Empire and the
Venetian Colonial Empire

Ranieri Dandolo was procurator of San Marco during the reign of his father Enrico . After his father had joined the participants in the Fourth Crusade as one of their leaders with the Venetian fleet in 1202 , Ranieri took over the government of Venice as vice duke.

During his tenure he completed the first known codification of Venetian civil law ( Usus Venetorum ). With a mere “skeleton force”, so Madden (p. 155), he tried to control the conditions in the Adriatic while the main fleet was on the crusade.

In June 1205 his father died in Constantinople . The news only reached Venice in July. Immediately after his father's death, the Venetians in Constantinople elected Marino Zeno as the Podestà with extensive rights. Ranieri Dandolo, who was only informed of this process if the voters also granted their loyalty and the vice-duke the right to object to the election, could only accept the act of voting.

After 1205, Venice was forced to reclaim from the separatists many of the areas that the Crusaders had already conquered. Ranieri Dandolo, the vice duke, sent messengers to Constantinople before the upcoming Doge election to persuade the Venetians there to return their share of the new empire to Venice. He renounced his own candidacy. The election of Pietro Ziani as Doge signaled that Venice now needed a strong leadership that was once again geared towards the mother city of Venice. On September 29, the Podestà of Constantinople also formally recognized the Doge's authority.

Shortly before this election, Ranieri Dandolo had 17 newly elected canons sworn in for Hagia Sophia in his presence. They had to swear never to allow the election of a cleric who had not lived in Venice for at least 10 years. According to local law, a man who had lived in the city for at least 10 years was considered a “Venetian”. Patriarch Tommaso Morosini had to swear the same oath, albeit Pope Innocent III. declared this oath null and void on June 21, 1206. Indeed, some non-Venetians later became canons of Hagia Sophia, but armed Venetians stormed the church in 1211. They threatened anyone who dared to elect a non-Venetian patriarch.

Fleet commander, battle for Crete, death

Ranieri Dandolo was sent in late summer 1207 to conquer islands for the municipality that had already been ruled by the Venetians. Shortly before, Ranieri had borrowed 70 libra from his relative Marino Dandolo. After Andrea Dandolo, his fleet of 31 galleys conquered the island of Corfu , where the Genoese pirate Leo Vetranus had established a base in the north. Eventually Ranieri was determined to retake the island of Crete (from Genoese), which according to Andrea Dandolo he succeeded. We are comparatively well informed about this campaign, because Martino da Canale provides a detailed description in his story Les Estoires de Venise, written between 1267 and 1275 . On the way to Crete, Rogerio Premarino and Ranieri Dandolo conquered the cities of Modon , where Vetranus was executed, and Coron , as well as the islands of Cerigo and Cerigotto . This included areas in the Venetian colonial empire that were not included in the division of the empire in 1204. There were fights around Crete with the Genoese admiral Enrico Pescatore ('Henry the Fisherman'). He fell into captivity where he died of his wound.

Enrico Dandolo bought the property rights in Crete in 1204 from one of the crusade leaders, Bonifatius von Montferrat , for the "Serenissima". However, for years Venice had not succeeded in establishing actual rule on the island. Boniface had again received Crete from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios IV as a fief, which in principle precluded resale. Enrico Dandolo had nevertheless acquired the property rights on August 17, 1204 for 1,000 silver marks. According to Andrea Dandolo, Ranieri, Enrico's son, died after gaining control of the island. This happened during a campaign against "rebels" in 1209 by an arrow, a "sagitta", as the chronicler expressly writes, while Martino da Canale remains silent at this point. Ranieri Dandolo was buried in the "ecclesia sancti Georgii" in Candia , the capital of the future colony. Only after several thousand settlers were transplanted to Crete from 1211 onwards, the dominance of the mother city could finally be brought to bear.

reception

The interpretation that Venetian historiography gave to the life of the vice-duke was based on the one hand on the connection with the Fourth Crusade, but also on the conquest of Crete, which was the most important colony of Venice for almost half a millennium. The focus of the most frequently cited Chronicle of Venice, that of Doge Andrea Dandolo , represents in perfect form the views of the political leadership bodies that were already firmly established in his time, in the 14th century, which have steered history especially since this Doge. His work was repeatedly used as a template by later chroniclers and historians. Hence it became immensely dominant in ideas of Venetian history prior to its time. This was all the more true as he himself was a member of the Dandolo. In connection with Ranieri, Andrea Dandolo focused on developing the constitution, because Ranieri Dandolo was the last vice duke, who was usually appointed by the ruling doge. It was feared that such files could lead to the formation of a dynasty that had repeatedly plunged Venice into devastating, civil war-like conditions and cost the lives of several Doges. The tacit renunciation of Ranieri after the death of his father, and the choice of Pietro Ziani as the successor to the great Dandolo, were the focus. The strategies of balancing interests between the predominant families at the time, but above all the state of constitutional development, led to the increasing involvement of the Doge, who had been denied the possibility of a hereditary monarchy more than a century before Enrico Dandolo. The stages of political developments that finally led to the disempowerment of the Doge, who was increasingly assigned representative tasks but no longer allowed to make independent decisions, was a further goal of representation that was a difficult undertaking in view of Enrico Dandolo's abundance of power. At the same time, on the one hand, the balance between the ambitious and dominant families remained one of the most important goals; on the other hand, the derivation of the prominent position of the 'nobili' in the state was of great importance, partially contradicting the above goal. For a long time the strictly supervised historiography of Venice preferred not to mention the vice duke at all.

From the late Middle Ages

Martino da Canale writes in his Estoires de Venise , written between 1267 and 1275, that Enrico Dandolo left one of his sons, namely "Renier Dandle", in his place in Venice. Without the author giving further details, he ruled the “Venisiens en Venise”, that is to say explicitly the “Venetians in Venice”, cleverly or wisely.

While Andrea Dandolo mentions the vice-duke several times in the 14th century, most of the subsequent chronicles are silent about him. Neither the Historia ducum Venetorum nor the Cronica di Venexia detta di Enrico Dandolo from the late 14th century, the oldest vernacular chronicle of Venice. Thus the author describes the conquest of Constantinople, with strong emphasis on the leadership by Enrico Dandolo, and the occupation of Corfu, Modon and Koron as well as Crete by the 31 galleys mentioned, but the name of the fleet leader, Ranieri Dandolo he hides. Only one work of Venetian historiography, the Morosini Codex , the publication of which was prohibited by the Council of Ten in 1418, mentions the vice-duke at this time. It describes how "Renier Dandolo" conquered Crete with "VI c homeni lombardi a chavalo", ie with 600 Lombards on horseback, and how he fought the Genoese in a sea battle in which seven galleys were destroyed and three captured.

Pietro Marcello, on the other hand, mentions in 1502 in his work later translated into Volgare under the title Vite de'prencipi di Vinegia , only laconically, Bonifaz “diede l'isola di Candia à i Venetiani”. Ranieri Dandolo, son of "Arrigo Dandolo", also remains unnamed.

According to the chronicle of Gian Giacomo Caroldo, in turn, the Historie venete dal principio della città fino all'anno 1382 , Enrico Dandolo had already decided a year before the cruise fleet set out that “in sua absentia, Messer Raynier Dandolo suo figliuolo, ch'era prudente et humanissimo, rimaner dovesse al governo del Ducato Veneto. ”Ranieri, his son, was supposed to stay in the Ducat Venice during his absence to rule there.

The Frankfurt lawyer Heinrich Kellner thinks in his Chronica published in 1574 that is Warhaffte actual and short description, all people moved to Venice life , "Bonifacius but Marggraff von Montferrat" took "a large sum of money from Veniceers / surrendered against the island of Candiam". Like Marcello, on whom he largely depended on content, Kellner does not name the vice-duke either. Kellner's achievement, who studied in Italy, is to have made Venetian historiography known in the German-speaking world.

Alessandro Maria Vianoli only knows in his translation of the Historia Veneta , which appeared in Nuremberg in 1686 under the title Der Venetianischen Herthaben Leben / Government, and Die Die / Von dem First Paulutio Anafesto an / bis on the now-ruling Marcum Antonium Justiniani , “Bonifacius "," So that he / if he was by him in such conquest [of Thessaly] / as well as no less would like to keep faith in his own army / took [he] from the Venetians a hundred thousand marks of fine silver / and sold them in return the whole Insul Candiam ".

It was not until Johann Friedrich LeBret , who published his four-volume State History of the Republic of Venice from 1769 to 1777 , that it seemed worth mentioning again that in Enrico Dandolo's absence "his son Renier Dandulus should sit at the helm of the regiment" (p. 407). He assigns him a central role in the Crete question. When asked whether one should occupy the island of Crete, despite the expected high costs, or whether one should make “a wasteland out of it”, according to the author, most of the “senators” were “of the latter opinion”. On the other hand, Ranieri Dandolo offered "to undertake the reconquest at his own expense" (p. 466). In fact, he conquered the capital, built castles and fortifications, as well as “palaces and squares”, which, as LeBret emphasizes, “cannot be praised enough in a citizen”. When he "discovered the seed of indignation" which came from "the secret followers of Count Heinrich" - Enrico Pescatore is meant - and met him, he was "mortally wounded by an arrow by one of the disgruntled" (p. 466 ). Dandolo's army ultimately triumphed, and the author adds: “The Signory and the great council were so touched by the death of Dandulus that they released his male descendants from all burdens of the state which freedoms they still enjoyed at the time of the Calergi in the fourteenth century. "

After-effects of the Venetian historiographical tradition, modern historiography

Samuele Romanin interpreted the sources as less educative and moralizing than LeBret ; He also drew on a number of unedited manuscripts from the Venetian archives and libraries. At the same time, he used Byzantine chronicles as well as the sources from Latin Europe that were essential for the Fourth Crusade. In any case, he tried even more to classify the references to the life of the vice-duke in the wider historical context, as he showed in the second of ten volumes of his Storia documentata di Venezia , published in 1854 . He shows how Gottfried von Villehardouin , one of the most important eyewitnesses of the crusade, imagined the gathering in St. Mark's Basilica . Enrico Dandolo made it a condition for his taking to the cross that the Venetians accept his son's substitution: “Se volete acconsentire ch'io prenda l'insegna della croce per custodirvi e dirigervi, e che mio figlio faccia le mie veci e custodisca la terra , andrò a vivere e morire con voi e coi pellegrini. ”Ranieri was therefore accepted as“ vicedoge ”(p. 155). On the occasion of the election of the Patriarch of Constantinople, of Tommaso Morosini , which took place in 1204, Pope Innocent III wrote. to Ranieri Dandolo. In this letter he accepts the person, but not the method of choice: "electionem tamen examinavimus iuxta morem et eam invenimus contra formam canonicam attemptatam", as Romanin quotes in a footnote (p. 181, note 3). So the election did not take place in canonical form.

Heinrich Kretschmayr argued more versed in legal history in 1905 in the first volume of his three-volume History of Venice . Regarding the departure of the fleet on October 8, 1202, he stated: “And once again one saw a family there in the first place; a dandolo was a doge, his son Renier led the deputy government, another dandolo, Vitale, commanded the galleys specially provided by Venice ”(p. 288). Kretschmayr classified the election of the Patriarch of Constantinople as follows: “Soon afterwards, Tommaso Morosini may have appeared in Rome with a letter of recommendation from Vice-Duke Renier Dandolo and a request for confirmation. Innocent [...] consented to the request on January 21, 1205, albeit in the form of a cassation of the election made in Constantinople and a confirmation of the same on his own initiative. The mighty Pope, the most powerful man in the world, backed away from the Doge of Venice ”(p. 316). According to Kretschmayr, Enrico Dandolo "issued his statute for Rialto and the surrounding area around 1195, his son Renier Dandolo re-issued it in a modified and expanded version in September 1204 - the first civil code of Venice", as the author emphasizes by blocking (p. 342). The author then goes into detail on the content and provisions of the work. The extension by Renier Dandolo initially expresses the principle that justice can only be sought before the court of justice. With clearly defined exceptions against non-Venetians, it was fundamentally forbidden to obtain justice for oneself. The doge presided over the court, but in his name the local bishops and comites in Dalmatia , in Chioggia der Gastalde , etc. A strictly regulated procedure was set up, with written evidence now dominating the testimony and oath. “You very rarely come across oaths, judgments from God do not occur. The judgment is passed with a majority under the rule of the Doge ”(p. 344 f.). In a comment, Kretschmayr sees nothing unusual in the substitution by a son, as in the case of Domenico Michiel , who was absent from 1122 to 1125 , even if other authors claimed that the substitution by "Renier Dandolo" was "contrary to all tradition" (p. 492). Here the author thus refers to a line of continuity which, although it had no effect in the long term, had the potential to revive the traditional striving for hereditary rule, i.e. the establishment of a Dog dynasty.

swell

  • Martino da Canale : Les Estoires de Venise , text edition , ed. Francesca Gambino in the Repertorio Informatizzato Antica Letteratura Franco-Italiana : XXXVIII (Ranieri left behind by his father in Venice, wise government), LXV (“Quant mesire Piere Zians fu dus de Venise, enci con je vos ai conté - et mesire Marin Gen estoit poesté de Costantinople -, avint, un an aprés que mesire Piere Zians fu dus, que il fist armer .xxxj. galies et furent esleüs por chevetains mesire Renier Dandle, li fis dou noble dus qui prist Costantinople, et monseignor Rogier Promarin. Andeus ces chevetains s'en issirent de Venise a tote lor conpagnie et s'en alerent tant parmi la mer, que il furent venus a Corfu.Ciaus de Corfu avoient a celui tens guere as Venisiens, porce que il donoient vitaille as robeors de mer; mes lors quant li nobles chevetains furent venus a Corfu a tote lor conpagnie, il pristrent lor armes et les Venisiens aveuc yaus.Mes se la fussiés, seignors, a celui point peüssiés avoir veü bataille sagement || encomencier. Les Venisiens saillirent en sixth terre trestuit armés et ciaus de Corfu vindrent por defendre; et au voir conter, yes por lor defense ne remest que li Venisiens ne price le borc dou chastel; et d'ileuc s'en alerent au chastel. Si fu ileuc acés que sostenir, que ciaus dou chastel se defendoient mult bien et traioient javelos, paus agus et pieres poignais et eive chaude desor li Venisiens: et li Venisiens traioient vers yaus quarels et seetes. Si fu cele bataille dure et aspre, et neporquant por tote lor defense ne remest que li Venisiens ne dresasent lor eschieles au mur et ne botassent la porte dou chastel a terre; et monterent desur li mur et pristrent Corfu. Et d'ileuc s'en alerent envers Crit a tote lor conpagnie et oïrent novelles que .iiij. nes de Genoés estoient au port de Stinalonde: || il s'en alerent cele part. ”), LXVI (“ A celui tens avoit guerre entre Venisiens et Genoés, et lors quant li dui cheveteins, mesire Renier Dandle et mesire Rogier Promarin, a tote lor conpagnie, furent venus au port de Stinalonde et il virent les .iiij. nes de Genoés, il ne firent autre delaiance fors que il firent erraument prendre les .iiij. nes de lor enemis; ja lor defense ne lor valut riens. Que vos diroie je? Andeus les chevetains venesiens s' en aloient parmi la mer prenant lor enemis; con vont li faucons prenant les oisaus, enci le fesoient andeus les nobles chevetains de cui je vos ai fait mencion, que nul n'osoit entrer en mer, se il estoit enemis de Venise, que il ne fust erraument pris. ”), LXVII (“ Un an aprés que Corfu fu pris, enci con je vos ai conté sa en ariere, s'en ala mesire Re || nier Dandle, et aveuc lui mesire Rogier Promarin, a tote lor conpagnie, parmi la mer serchant sa et la, que il avoient oï consoner que un robeor de mer s'en aloit derobant li trepassant et avoit en sa conpagnie .viiij. Galies mult bien garnies de robeors de mer. Mes li dui chevetains sercherent tant parmi la mer, que celui robeor fu cheüs en lor mains: si fu erraument pris a totes les .viiij. galies de robeors, et les conduistrent a Corfu. Et ce aucun venist avant qui me demandast qui fu celui robeor, je lor respondrai que l'en apeloit Leo Vetran. "), LXVIII (" Quant li dui chevetains de Venise orent conduit Leo Vetran a Corfu, si le firent erraument pendre, porce que robeor de mer estoit; et as autres donerent tel congiés con il avoient deservi.Et quant il orent ce fait, si s'en alerent a Moudon et pristrent la vile, || que ja la defense de ciaus dedens ne lor valut riens. Et quant il furent en saisine de la vile, si firent abatre a terre li murs et les forteresses, porce que robeor de mer avoient et sovent et menu derobé li Venisiens lors quant il trepassoient parmi la mer chargiés de marchandies, enci con il estoient acostumés . Quant andeus les chevetains orent abatu l'orgueil de ciaus de Moudon, il ne font autre delaiance fors que il s'en alerent a Corone, et la droitement estoient acostumés de maintenir robeors de mer. Et quant ciaus de Corone virent venir les galies des Venisiens, il armerent lor cors por le defendr e; et lors quant li chevetains virent ce, il armerent lor cors, et li Venisiens saillirent a lor armes et pristrent lor eschieles et apuierent au mur. Mes se la fussiés, seignors, bien peüssiés avoir veü Venisiens sur li murs, et ja ne remest por nule || defense que Corone ne fust erraument prize, la vile et li chastiaus. Et quant li Venisiens furent en saisine de Corone, il establirent ileuc une costume, et ce fu, en leu ou li trepassans venoient derobés, et il done la vitaille a tos ciaus que a Corone vont, par un mois entiers; et tel costume maintient li chastelain que monseignor li dus de Venise mande ileuc et maintendra a tosjors mes. "), LXIX (" Quant mesire Renier Dandle et mesire Roger Permarin, li chevetains, orent pris Corone, il la mistrent en bone garde et se partirent d'ileuc a tote lor conpagnie et s'en alerent a Candie, c'est une vile de l'isle de Crit.Si fu erraument comenciee la bataille grant et mervilleuse, et bien se defendoient ciaus de Crit et les Venisiens lor donoient mult grant assaut. Mult font d'armes andeus les chevetains, et li Venisiens s'esforcerent tant, que ciaus de la vile ne les porent || endurer: si s'en tornent fuiant et Venisiens les enchaucent aprés.Si font tant par lor proesces que il pristrent Candie, c'est la maistre vile de Crit: et de lors en avant fu monseignor li dus Piere Zians sire de l'ysle de Crit, si la dona a maint Venisiens, que de lors en avant furent chevalier et tienent lor chevalerie por monseignor li dus de Venise. ")
  • Ester Pastorello (Ed.): Andrea Dandolo, Chronica per extensum descripta aa. 460-1280 dC , (= Rerum Italicarum Scriptores XII, 1), Nicola Zanichelli, Bologna 1938, p. 276, line 20 f. and pp. 282 f., lines 28-Z. 4, then line 14 f. and p. 282 f., lines 37–2 (“et decernitur ut, eo absente, vir inclitus Raynerius Dandulo, eius natus, patris vicem fungatur” and “Pari ergo proposito, dux, anno secundo, paratis xxxi galeis, Raynerium Dandulo et Rogerium Permarino prefecit. Qui, extra Venetorum culphum euntes, Leonem Vetranum piratam, cum novem galeis, capiunt et morti tradunt. / Postea Corphu hostiliter agrediuntur, et tandem optinent, et muniunt, et que gesserant duci insinuant. ", then" quas, cum prosternere elegissent, Raynerius Dandulo unus ex capitaneis, ut eius sumptibus custodire optinuit "and" Quarto quoque ducis anno, aucto iam in Creta Venetorum dominio, Raynerius Dandulo erga aliquos rebeles exiens, sagita Georga occiditur; et in ecclesia de Candia sepelii ")) . ( Digitized, p. 276 f. And 282 f. )
  • Marcantonio Coccio Sabellico : Historiae rerum Venetarum ab urbe condita libri XXXIII , Basel 1556, p. 216 (he names "Rainerius Dandulus, Henrici filius, iuvenis impiger"). ( Digitized , badly scanned from p. 171).
  • Gottlieb Lukas Friedrich Tafel and Georg Martin Thomas : Documents on the earlier commercial and state history of the Republic of Venice. With special reference to Byzantium and the Levant, from the 9th to the end of the 15th century (Fontes Rerum Austriacarum), Hakkert, Amsterdam 1964 (reprint of the three-volume edition Vienna 1856/57), vol. 1, p. 528 .

literature

  • Ruthy Gertwagen : Venice's policy towards the Ionian and Aegean islands, c. 1204–1423 , in: The International Journal of Maritime History (2014) 1–20, here: pp. 6, 10 f.
  • Thomas F. Madden : Enrico Dandolo & the rise of Venice , University Press, Baltimore 2003, pp. 101 f., 155, 197-201. ISBN 0-8018-7317-7 .

Remarks

  1. Andrea Lermer: The Gothic “Doge's Palace” in Venice , Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2005, p. 67.
  2. ^ Antonio Carile : Dandolo, Enrico . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 3, Artemis & Winkler, Munich / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-7608-8903-4 , Sp. 491 f. In this article, Manuel I , emperor from 1143 to 1180 and Komnene , is confused twice with Manuel II , emperor from 1391 to 1425 and palaeologist.
  3. ^ Alvise Loredan: I Dandolo , Dall'Oglio, 1981, p. 95.
  4. ^ Antonino Lombardo : Studi e ricerche dalle fonti medievali veneziane , Venice 1982, p. 83.
  5. ^ Andrea Da Mosto : I dogi di Venezia nella vita pubblica e privata , reprint, Martello, 1983, p. 72.
  6. ^ Thomas F. Madden : Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice , Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003, p. 234, note 101.
  7. This is the continuation of the Famiglie nobile venete of Marco Barbaro by Antonio Maria Tasca, which is in the Venice State Archives as Arbori dei patritii veneti ricoppiati con aggiunte di Antonio Maria Fosca , 7 vols .
  8. ^ Raymond-Joseph Loenertz: Marino Dandolo, seigneur d'Andros, et son conflit avec l'évêque Jean 1225–1238 , in: Ders. (Eds.): Byzantina et Franco-Graeca. Articles parus de 1935 à 1966 réédités avec la collaboration de Peter Schreiner , vol. 1, Rome 1970, p. 399-420, here: p. 402 f.
  9. ^ Karl-Hartmann Necker: Dandolo. Venice's keenest doge , Böhlau, 1999, p. 299.
  10. ^ Heinrich Kretschmayr: History of Venice , Vol. 1, Gotha 1905, p. 471.
  11. ^ Thomas Madden: Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice , The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003, p. 103.
  12. Marcello Brusegan : I personaggi che hanno fatto grande Venezia , Newton Compton, 2006, p. 138.
  13. ^ Heinrich Kretschmayr : History of Venice , Vol. 1, Gotha 1905, p. 471.
  14. ^ Louise Buenger Robbert : Art. Dandolo Family , in: Christopher Kleinhenz (Ed.): Medieval Italy. An Encyclopedia , Routledge, 2004, p. 277 f., Here: p. 277.
  15. Thomas Madden: Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice , The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003, p. 101 f.
  16. ^ "It is noteworthy that this delegation left Venice before 5 August 1205, the day on which Pietro Ziani was elected doge, and arrived in Constantinople before 29 September 1205" (David Jacoby: The Venetian Government and Administration in Latin Constantinople 1204–1261: A State within a State , in: Gherardo Ortalli , Giorgio Ravegnani, Peter Schreiner (eds.): Quarta Crociata. Venezia - Bisanzio - Imperio Latino , Venice 2006, pp. 19–79, here: p. 24).
  17. ^ David Jacoby: The Venetian Government and Administration in Latin Constantinople 1204–1261: A State within a State , in: Gherardo Ortalli , Giorgio Ravegnani, Peter Schreiner (eds.): Quarta Crociata. Venezia - Bisanzio - Imperio Latino , Venice 2006, p. 19–79, here: p. 46 f.
  18. ^ Thomas F. Madden: Enrico Dandolo and the Rise of Venice , The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003, p. 200.
  19. Freddy Thiriet : La Romanie Vénitienne au Moyen Age , Paris 1959, p. 95 f.
  20. Flaminio Cornaro: Creta Sacra , Vol. 2, Venice 1755, pp. 222–224 cites the corresponding document in full, cf. Freddy Thiriet : La Romanie Vénitienne au Moyen Age , Paris 1959, p. 75 f.
  21. Martino da Canale : Les Estoires de Venise , text edition , ed. Francesca Gambino in the Repertorio Informatizzato Antica Letteratura Franco-Italiana : XXXVIII (“Et monseignor li dus [Enrico Dandolo] avoit lessé en Venise en son leu un sien fis que l'en apeloit mesire Renier Dandle: celui governa les Venisiens en Venise mult sagement. ").
  22. Luigi Andrea Berto (editor and translator): Testi storici Veneziani: (XI-XIII secolo). Historia ducum Venetorum, Annales Venetici breves, Domenico Tino, Relatio de electione Dominici Silvi Venetorum ducis (= Medioevo Europeo, 1), CLEUP XXXVI, Padua 1999, p. X, the editor explicitly mentions this omission.
  23. ^ Roberto Pesce (Ed.): Cronica di Venexia detta di Enrico Dandolo. Origini - 1362 , Centro di Studi Medievali e Rinascimentali "Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna", Venice 2010, p. 79.
  24. Michele Pietro Ghezzo, John R. Melville-Jones, Andrea Rizzi (Eds.): The Morosini Codex , 2 Vols., Vol. 1: To the Death of Andrea Dandolo (1354) , Unipress, 1999, p. 26.
  25. Pietro Marcello : Vite de'prencipi di Vinegia in the translation of Lodovico Domenichi, Marcolini, 1558, p 91 ( digitized ).
  26. Șerban V. Marin (Ed.): Gian Giacomo Caroldo. Istorii Veneţiene , Vol. I: De la originile Cetăţii la moartea dogelui Giacopo Tiepolo (1249) , Arhivele Naţionale ale României, Bucharest 2008, p. 167 ( online ).
  27. Heinrich Kellner : Chronica that is Warhaffte actual and short description, all life in Venice , Frankfurt 1574, p. 36 ( digitized, p. 36r ).
  28. Alessandro Maria Vianoli : Der Venetianischen Herthaben life / government, and withering / from the first Paulutio Anafesto to / bit on the now-ruling Marcum Antonium Justiniani , Nuremberg 1686, p. 255 ( digitized ).
  29. Johann Friedrich LeBret : State history of the Republic of Venice, from its origin to our times, in which the text of the abbot L'Augier is the basis, but its errors are corrected, the incidents are presented in a certain and from real sources, and after a Ordered the correct time order, at the same time adding new additions to the spirit of the Venetian laws and secular and ecclesiastical affairs, to the internal state constitution, its systematic changes and the development of the aristocratic government from one century to another , 4 vols., Johann Friedrich Hartknoch , Riga and Leipzig 1769–1777, Vol. 1, Leipzig and Riga 1769 ( digitized version ).
  30. Samuele Romanin : Storia documentata di Venezia , 10 vols., Pietro Naratovich, Venice 1853–1861 (2nd edition 1912–1921, reprint Venice 1972), vol. 2, Venice 1854, p. 154 ( digitized, p. 154 ) .
  31. ^ Heinrich Kretschmayr : History of Venice , 3 vol., Vol. 1, Gotha 1905, p. 288 ( digitized, p. 288 f. ).
  32. ^ Digitized, p. 316 f. .