Kuźnia Raciborska
| Kuźnia Raciborska | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Racibórz | ||
| Area : | 31.75 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 13 ′ N , 18 ° 18 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 5359 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
||
| Postal code : | 47-420 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | ||
| License plate : | SRC | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Kędzierzyn-Koźle - Racibórz | ||
| Rail route : | Opole – Racibórz | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice Airport | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 8 districts | ||
| Surface: | 126.84 km² | ||
| Residents: | 11,851 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
||
| Population density : | 93 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2411053 | ||
| Administration (as of 2016) | |||
| Mayor : | Paweł Macha | ||
| Address: | ul.Słowackiego 4 47-420 Kuźnia Raciborska |
||
| Website : | www.kuzniaraciborska.pl | ||
Kuźnia Raciborska [ ˈkuʑɲa ratɕiˈbɔrska ] (German Ratiborhammer ) is a city in the Silesian Voivodeship , in the Powiat Raciborski in Poland . The city with around 5500 inhabitants is the capital of a city and rural community with around 12,000 inhabitants.
geography
Kuźnia Raciborska is part of the historical region of Upper Silesia and is located on the western border of the Silesian Voivodeship to the Opole Voivodeship in the Ratibor Basin, in the western part of the Rybnik plateau, 13 km northeast of Racibórz. The Raude flows through the city and flows into the Oder at the western border of the municipality . Sandy soils and coniferous forests predominate in the municipality and the municipality is located in the middle of the extensive landscape park of the Cistercian monastery Groß Rauden "Park Krajobrazowy Cysterskie Kompozycje Rud Wielkich".
history
In contrast to the older districts, the history of Ratiborhammer did not begin until the 17th century. The place was first mentioned in a document in 1641. Octavian Seger von Segenberg had the Segenberg hut settlement and iron hammer built and thus founded the later Ratiborhammer. The new village received a chapel in 1642, which was donated by Count Georg Oppersdorff and consecrated to St. Mary Magdalene . The settlement was parish to Markowitz (since 1975 part of Ratibor ), whose pastor was supposed to hold a mass in this chapel five times a year.
With increasing technical progress in ore smelting, a blast furnace was built for the first time in 1746 , which replaced the backward, bellows-operated melting furnaces. In 1742 the settlement of Habsburg passed to Prussia , whereupon the local iron and steel works were taken over by the Prussian king in 1791. The place in the district of Ratibor was officially referred to as (village) hammer , whereby it was also called Ratiborhammer . Since 1804 there was a school in Ratiborhammer and from 1866 Saturday markets were held. To the north of Ratiborhammer, the new industrial settlement Neuhammer (later Ratiborhammer colony ) was built in 1813 , in which, among other things, the nail factory "Hope" settled.
The connection to the railway network in 1846 finally initiated industrialization in Ratiborhammer. Around the middle of the century, the Burschik und Mann steam sawmill was built , which fell victim to a fire in 1916, but was then restored by a Berlin company. In addition, the technically outdated fresh huts , which were replaced by a modern iron foundry in 1893 , were closed.
Another large company followed in 1845: the Hoffnungshütte , in whose rolling mill , screws and axles were manufactured. This hut was taken over on July 1, 1907 by the Ratibor company W. Hegenscheidt , which then manufactured iron and metal parts for the construction industry and for railway construction . During the Second World War , the company was expanded under the new name of Schondorff-Hegenscheidt-Werke to manufacture engine parts for the aviation industry , but this was not completed.
After the First World War, a referendum in Upper Silesia was held in 1921 to decide who would belong to the state , although this was accompanied by bloody uprisings . The outcome of the election in Ratiborhammer was extremely close: of the 1501 votes cast, 750 were in favor of remaining with Germany, 739 were in favor of joining Poland, and 12 were invalid. As a result, Ratiborhammer remained in the Weimar Republic .
The factory was abandoned before the arrival of the Red Army , which captured the place on January 29, 1945. Ratiborhammer became part of Poland as Kuźnia Raciborska and the place and, above all, its industrial facilities were rebuilt.
The Kuźnia Raciborska Commune was formed on May 18, 1945. On July 7, 1946, the Rafo metal factory was established in the Hegenscheidt factory. This company became the most important employer in the village and was not only of great importance for the economic development of Kuźnia Raciborska, because in 1947 a vocational school was opened near the factory and in 1949 a new settlement for the workers of Rafo followed. Due to the rapid development of the industrial settlement, Kuźnia Raciborska was elevated to a town on January 1, 1967 . The urban and rural municipality was formed after the Polish administrative reform of 1999 and incorporated the localities that had belonged to the municipality since the merger of the municipalities of Kuźnia Raciborska and Rudy in 1977.
On September 26, 1992, a forest fire broke out near the Racibórz – Kędzierzyn-Koźle railway north of the city. It was probably triggered by the sparks from a braking train. Three people were killed and dozen injured in the subsequent extinguishing operation. The fire brigade was only able to extinguish the fire after four days, with major losses of material.
Since not all German residents had fled or were expelled, a minority of German descent could survive in the area. According to the last Polish census of 2002, 7.23% of the community population belong to the German minority , another 8.90% describe themselves as "Silesians".
Population development
The population of the city according to the respective territorial status (partially rounded figures):
|
|
¹ Neuhammer colony: 528 (1855) and 655 (1861) inhabitants
² Ratiborhammer manor district: 114 inhabitants
³ Population of the newly formed municipality
Attractions
- The parish church of St. Maria Magdalena goes back to a scrap wood church from 1646. 1868 it was expanded and in 1892 the new church parish Ratiborhammer. The now greater importance of the church was also the reason for a massive new building, which was started in 1902 and completed in 1917 and gave the church its present form. The Magdalene Church is a neo-Romanesque building on cruciform including roof turret on the crossing and a large bell tower with four triangular gables on the side of the nave. Brick was chosen as the building material , parts of the exterior were plastered; The nearby rectory presents itself in the same style.
- The baroque statue of Nepomuk from 1747 on the ring was donated by Count von Sobeck and placed on the ring.
Others
In 2017 a street was named after the Polish soccer player Robert Lewandowski .
local community
The urban and rural community Kuźnia Raciborska is divided into the following seven districts in addition to the main town of the same name:
- Budziska ( Budzisk; 1936–1945 Bachweiler )
- Jankowice Rudzkie ( Jankowitz-Rauden; 1936–1945 Rodenbach )
- Ruda ( Ruda; 1936–1945 Rudweiler )
- Ruda Kozielska ( Little Rauden )
- Rudy (Wielkie / Raciborskie) ( Groß Rauden )
- Siedliska ( Siedlisk; 1936–1945 Siedel or Wellendorf colony)
- Turze ( Wellendorf; until 1911 Thurze )
Personalities
- Adalbert Kurzja OSB (born November 24, 1920 in Ratiborhammer; † April 12, 2016 in Andernach), German Roman Catholic religious and abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Maria Laach (1977–1990); Honorary Citizen of Ratiborhammer (2003)
literature
- Ratibor hammer . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 589.
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 430-431.
Web links
- Official website of the city (Polish)
- Website about Kuźnia Raciborska (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ Voting results. (No longer available online.) In: oberschlesien.de. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved January 18, 2009 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Cf. isip.sejm.gov.pl ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
-
↑
Sources of the population figures : 1784, 1830, 1967: [1]
1844: [2]
1855, 1861: [3]
1885: Ratiborhammer . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 589.
1910: [4]
1939: Census
1944, 1945: Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 15, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was used automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 1980: Encyclopedia Powszechna PWN
- ↑ census
