Sambre
The Sambre ( Dutch Samber ) is a 193 km long river in France (88 km) and Belgium (105 km). Below its source in the Aisne department in northern France , it crosses the Nord department, crosses to Belgium at Jeumont and flows into the Meuse as the largest left tributary at Namur .
course
Former and present upper course
The Sambre originally arose on the northern edge of the Forêt du Nouvion, just under two kilometers southeast of its current source. The old upper course was diverted in the 16th century by the dukes of Guise in the direction of Oise to improve the water supply to the mills of Etreux and has since been called Ancienne Sambre (roughly: "Sambre-Altarm"). Through the valley used for the diversion, the Canal de la Sambre à l'Oise (German: Sambre-Oise Canal ) was built from 1834–1839 . After reaching the canal (between the villages of Boué-la-Marsaude and Etreux), the river under the name Morteau flows next to it to the Noirrieu ("Schwarzbach").
The Sambre rises 215 meters above sea level as Ruisseau de France ("Bach of France"), also Rieu de Robissieu or Nouvelle Sambre ("New Sambre"), in the grove of La Haie Equiverlesse , 4 kilometers east of Le Nouvion-en-Thiérache . Today's upper course reaches 14 kilometers further below the lowland at Oisy , two kilometers north of the former upper course, which has only been used by the canal since the drainage .
Further course
_NAMUR_-_Schleuse_an_der_Sambre.jpg)
For the first 16 kilometers through the Sambre lowlands to Landrecies , the Sambre and Canal run side by side.
From there to the confluence with the Meuse, the Sambre itself is canalized as a shipping route , with two locks in France and 16 locks in Belgium, 10 of which are above Charleroi - Monceau . In the 19th and 20th centuries, it was one of the main transport routes in the coal mining district in southern Belgium . From Berlaimont the valley floor is narrow. The cities of Hautmont and Maubeuge , which were later touched, belong to the northern French industrial belt.
In Wallonia , Belgium , the Sambre flows through the provinces of Hainaut and Namur . The section of the valley around the town of Thuin in Hainaut is still more rural. Further to the east, it enters the metropolitan area of the city of Charleroi, where the Charleroi-Brussels canal, which runs through the valley of the Sambre tributary Pieton, connects between what is now the Monceau-sur-Sambre district and the city center . The Sambre reaches Namur through heavily sprawled valley areas, where it reaches 45 m. ü. M. flows into the Meuse.
History
Especially in older research literature it was assumed that a river mentioned by Caesar in his commentary on the Gallic War Sabis is identical to the Sambre. Caesar struck at this river in 57 BC. In a heavy fight the Nervians and their allies, the Atrebates and Viromanduer . According to an exaggerated remark by the Roman general, the Nervians were almost completely destroyed. The more recent research tends to believe that Caesar won his victory over the Nervier not on the Sambre, but on the Selle , a tributary of the Scheldt .
From May 10 to June 4, 1794, the French under Jourdan broke through the Allied Sambre line in the battles at Rouvroy, Merbes-le-Château and Gosselies . In the 20th century, too, various military conflicts took place on the banks of the Sambre, for example the first battle of the Sambre during the First World War in August 1914 and the second in November 1918, as well as another battle in May 1940 during the early phase of the Second World War the sambre .
Eponyms
The asteroid (4016) Sambre , discovered on December 15, 1979, has been named after the river since 1991.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ SAGE de la Sambre: Les grandes caractéristiques du Bassin versant ( Memento of the original from June 25, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. As of June 8, 2012
- ↑ Ministère de la Région wallonne: Etat des lieux du sous-bassin hydrographique Sambre (PDF; 6.4 MB) , 2005, as of June 8, 2012
- ^ Caesar, De bello Gallico 2, 16, 1 and 2, 18, 1.
- ↑ So z. B. Johann Baptist Keune : Sabis 1. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume IA, 2, Stuttgart 1920, column 1604.
- ^ Caesar, De bello Gallico 2, 16-27; Titus Livius , Ab urbe condita librorum periochae 104; Appian . Keltika 1,11 ; Plutarch , Caesar 20th
- ↑ Maurice-Aurelien Arnould: La Bataille du Sabis (57 avant notre ère) , in: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire , Vol. 20, No. 1-2, 1941, pp. 29-106; Pierre Turquin: La Bataille de la Selle (du Sabis) en l'An 57 avant J.-C. , in: Les Études Classiques 23/2, 1955, pp. 113–156; Michel Rambaud: L'art de la déformation historique dans les Commentaires de César , 1966, p. 420 ff.
- ↑ Sambre . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon , 6th edition, 1902-08, Vol. 17, p. 516.
- ↑ Minor Planet Circ. 19336
