Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood

Samuel Hoare

Samuel John Gurney Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood (born February 24, 1880 in London - † May 7, 1959 ) better known than Sir Samuel Hoare, was a conservative British politician who belonged to numerous conservative national governments in the 1920s and 1930s. Hoare was "the descendant of a Quaker family to which he felt obliged".

Hoare was educated at Harrow and New College , Oxford . He was first elected to the House of Commons in 1910 in Chelsea . In World War I served Hoare as a soldier and later returned to parliament and became one of the most important conservative politician who is against the participation in the Cabinet of the Liberal Prime Minister David Lloyd George in 1922 rebelled . He received the Aviation Ministry , which he kept in various Conservative cabinets in the 1920s. When the Conservatives joined the grand coalition in 1931, Hoare became Minister for India .

He was known but for his role as foreign minister in 1935, when he was with the Italian invasion of Ethiopia had to deal. Together with the French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval , he developed the so-called Hoare Laval Agreement , which brought Italy a considerable territorial concession in Ethiopia and the Ogaden under Italian hegemony. The public uproar against the apparent sell-off of the Ethiopians led to Hoare's resignation from the Foreign Minister's office at the end of the year; Successor was Anthony Eden .

Nevertheless, Hoare remained in important posts in later cabinets: from 1937 to 1939 he was a cabinet minister and was a member of the so-called Cliveden clique . On November 21, 1938, in his role as Minister of the Interior, a six-person delegation, including the Quaker Bertha Bracey , made a proposal to rescue persecuted children from the German Reich , which he brought to the British Parliament on the same evening. This was the hour of birth of the Kindertransporte to England, the implementation of which Parliament approved two weeks later.

Hoare also supported the activities of the British Consul General in Frankfurt am Main, Robert Townsend Smallbones , and his deputy, Arthur Ernest Dowden , to very generously issue exit permits to Great Britain to Jewish persons who intended to leave the German Empire.

Since 1939 Hoare was Lord Keeper of the Seal , but lost his cabinet position when Winston Churchill was appointed Prime Minister in 1940 and was sent to Spain as ambassador . In this role he sought to encourage Francisco Franco to keep Spain out of the war in which he was successful. He remained ambassador until 1944 when he returned to Great Britain and was named Viscount Templewood , of Chelsea in the County of Middlesex, a peer . The title expired on his death in 1959.

In honor of Smallbones and Dowden, a plaque on the building of the former British Consulate General on Guiolettstrasse and the corner of Feuerbachstrasse in Frankfurt am Main commemorates their assistance to German Jews in the months after the pogroms of November 1938. It was published on May 8, 2013 in The presence of the British Ambassador to Germany at the time, Simon McDonald , and the Lord Mayor of Frankfurt, Peter Feldmann , revealed.

literature

• Petra Bonavita: Quakers as saviors in Frankfurt am Main during the Nazi era , Schmetterling Verlag, Stuttgart, 2014, ISBN 3-89657-149-4 .

Web links

• Literature by and about Samuel Hoare, 1. Viscount Templewood in the catalog of the German National Library
• Newspaper article about Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
• Viscount Templewood of Chelsea , Internationales Biographisches Archiv 26/1959 of June 15, 1959, in the Munzinger Archive ( beginning of article freely available)
• “Men first” - the “smallbones scheme” of the British consul in Frankfurt am Main
• Report on the inauguration of the plaque for Dowden and Smallbones in 2013

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Petra Bonavita: Quakers as Saviors in Frankfurt am Main during the Nazi era , p. 160
2. ↑ Petra Bonavita: Quakers as Saviors in Frankfurt am Main during the Nazi era , p. 117
3. ↑ Petra Bonavita: Quakers as saviors in Frankfurt am Main during the Nazi era , pp. 160–163 & "Men first" - the "smallbones scheme" of the British consul in Frankfurt am Main
4. ↑ Report on the inauguration of the memorial plaque for Dowden and Smallbones in 2013

predecessor	Office	successor
Bolton Eyres-Monsell	First Lord of the Admiralty 1936–1937	Duff Cooper