Garlic chives
| Garlic chives | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Garlic Chives ( Allium tuberosum ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Allium tuberosum | ||||||||||||
| Rottler ex Spreng. |
The garlic-chives , Knolau for short , ( Allium tuberosum ) is a species of the genus leek ( Allium ). It is mainly used in East Asian cuisine; In terms of taste, it is more similar to garlic than chives , but is much milder. It is in German and Chinese chives , Chinese leeks or garlic chives known as Thai Soi or buchu ( kor. 부추), he is also known in some German cookbooks. In Japan , he has been Nira ( Jap. ニラ , 韮 , 韭 ) in Thailand as Pak Gui Chai ( thai. ใบ กุ่ ย ช่า ย even kuichai กุยช่าย ) and in China as Jiǔcài ( Chinese 韭菜 , Jyutping gau 2 coi 3 ) known.
Origin and Distribution
In the Chinese country of origin, the chives are called Jiǔcài - 韭菜 , scientifically or simply Jiǔ - 韭 . The original home region are the southwestern areas of the Chinese province of Shanxi , today areas around Yongji Shi , historically Yongji Xian - 永濟 縣 / 永济 县 , Yǒngjì Xiàn - called, at altitudes between 1000 and 1100 meters. Natural locations are under bushes. They have grown wild in large parts of tropical Asia, but are now also grown worldwide as a vegetable and spice .
description
The garlic-chives is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 25 to 80 centimeters and higher. This geophyte forms cylindrical tubers up to 10 mm in size with a dull yellow to brownish yellow, reticulated membrane as persistence organs and are formed in small heaps of short rhizomes . The long leaves are about 1.5 to 8 mm wide, flat and the edge is smooth. The end of the leaf is always rounded.
The many white flowers stand together in spherical, golden inflorescences , which have a diameter of about 7 to 8 cm. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are threefold. The bracts are white and 4 to 7 (to 8) mm long, the inner ones are slightly more oval than the outer ones. They bloom from July to September (October) and have a slight scent of roses or violets . The pollination carried out by insects, especially bees .
The seeds are light germinators, the germination time is 14 to 28 days.
There is the natural form with double and cultural forms with triple and quadruple sets of chromosomes . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16, 24, 32, less often 64.
Cultivation
The garlic-chives are winter-proof (down to −30 ° C) and can be grown both outdoors and in the garden in sunny to partially shaded locations as a bed or as a roadside planting . In the cultivation of the plant in pots , window boxes and greenhouse it can be harvested all year long. To overwinter the plant needs a light location with an air temperature of 12-18 degrees Celsius. Outdoors, the above-ground parts of the plant die out completely in winter, and they sprout again quickly in spring. The nature of the soil should be loose with good soil moisture and without waterlogging , for example loosen up a loamy soil with sand and add humus . The sowing in the open field usually takes place between March and August at a sowing depth of about 1–3 cm. The seeds take about 14-28 days to germinate . When transplanting pre-cultivated seedlings , seeds are sown beforehand in small pots from the beginning of March to July and the young plants that have developed are planted from mid-April to August. With the possibility of propagation by dividing the plants , this happens either in spring to February, March or in late autumn to September and October when the divided plants are planted directly in the field. The plant has shallow roots , so care should be taken when hoeing . During drought in the summer months between June and July, the plant needs enough water and a weed-free environment. The garlic and chives are in the second crop , so they do not receive any direct dung or compost . After a larger cut, top dressing between June and August promotes stronger growth for the plant. Sufficient watering after top dressing prevents burns to the leaves that may be caused by the fertilizer (e.g. organic fertilizers such as guano or liquid fertilizers). Fertilization should not be used in winter. When cultivated, the garlic-chives get along well with cucumbers , tomatoes , carrots , nasturtiums and strawberries as a mixed culture. On the other hand, growing them alongside cabbage vegetables , beans , peas and other leeks should be avoided.
use
The leaves are used in a similar way to chives or wild garlic. The leaves are only used fresh and taste like garlic. Garlic and chives are used in salads , scrambled eggs or stir-fry dishes, for example with egg , and in soups . In various Asian countries there are garlic and chives, for example, as a simple vegetable dish - boiled in oil and water - blanched or sautéed .
- In Chinese cuisine, for example, as a blanched vegetable dish or as an ingredient in baozi and dumplings such as Jiaozi , Huntun .
- In Indian cuisine , garlic and chives are often used as a garlic or onion substitute in many northeast Indian states. In the state of Manipur , for example, it is known as maroi nakuppi .
- In Japan , nira is also eaten as a blanched vegetable in the dish Ohitashi - お 浸 し , 御 浸 し , as a Gyōza as a topping or ingredient, for example in somen noodles or sushi .
- In Korean cuisine , for example , Buchu is used as an ingredient in the hearty Korean pancake Chijimi or Jeon or Buchu Kimchi .
Also the budding inflorescences - Chinese 韭菜花 jiǔcàihuā ; Japanese ハ ナ ニ ラ , 花 韮 hana nira , the young flowers or tender sprouts - Chinese 韭黃 / 韭黄 , jiǔhuáng , Jyutping gau 2 wong 4 - and the roots are eaten raw or cooked. An edible oil is obtained from the seeds . Medical use is particularly due to their antibacterial effect.
ingredients
Garlic-chives are rich in vitamin C and contain the following noteworthy substances. The values serve as a general orientation, as the environmental conditions of the growing area also have an influence on these values.
| Calorific value | water | fat | protein | carbohydrates | Fiber | sugar | sodium |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 109 kJ (26 kcal) | 92 g | 0.4 g | 2.4 g | 4.6 g | 1.4 g | ?? G | 8.1 mg |
Source for the table:
Medicinal effect
Allium tuberosum is considered a natural medicine in China ( TCM ) and Japan ( TJM ) and is said to be promising for cancer prevention. Garlic and chives are digestive and appetizing and work against constipation (constipation) . The leaves of the plant show antibacterial properties . Similar to garlic (Allium sativum) or wild garlic (Allium ursinum), the plant contains the active ingredient allicin , which strengthens the human immune system against viruses and bacteria and is also cholesterol-lowering , blood lipid balancing and anti-inflammatory .
Health hazard for animals
Like onions , garlic and chives, large amounts of garlic and chives are toxic to dogs and cats ( onion toxicosis ).
Possibility of confusion
The closely related, rare species Allium ramosum differs from Allium tuberosum primarily in that it has a pale red central nerve on the white bracts, and the leaves are not as flat either. According to one view, only Allium tuberosum is considered a cultivated species, but there is also the view that Allium ramosum was also cultivated.
species
In addition to the common white-flowered variety of garlic-chives with a height of 25–60 cm, there is also a pink-flowered garlic-chive variety. In addition to the giant garlic chives - "Monstrosum", which grows to a height of 80 cm and higher, there is a small garlic-chive variety called " Kobold ", which is said to be particularly tender and tasty.
Pests and diseases
The pests that attack the garlic-chives include the aphid and the onion fly . Chive rust is a disease that can affect the plant.
Trivia
The plant is said to be able to drive away certain insects and moles .
photos
- In the cultivation
Flower buds - Allium tuberosum
Cutout inflorescence, horticulture
Habit and white inflorescences
Garlic chives growing in the greenhouse
_(1134444670).jpg)
- In the kitchen
"Knolau" buds as vegetables - 韭菜花
very young "Knolau" as a vegetable - 韭黃
“Knolau” - 韭 - cleaned and ready to cook
Korean Buchu- Geotjeori - 부추 겉절이
See also
Web links
- Allium tuberosum - Rottler. ex explos. - at Plants for a future (English)
- Allium tuberosum - Rottler. ex explos. - at Hong Kong Baptist University (Chinese, English)
- Garlic and Chive Recipes - Japanese Cuisine
Individual evidence
- ↑ Term "Nira - 韮, に ら". In: tangorin.com. Retrieved January 31, 2020 (English, Japanese).
- ↑ Term "Nira - 韮, 韭, に ら". In: Wadoku . Retrieved January 31, 2020 (German, Japanese).
- ↑ a b Chives (Pak Gui Chai). In: www.thai-thaifood.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Term "Jiucai (韭菜)". In: www.zdic.net. January 1, 1999, accessed June 24, 2017 (Chinese).
- ↑ a b Satsuki: Nira - chives garlic. In: bento -daisuki.de. June 16, 2017, accessed January 31, 2020 .
- ↑ term "Jiu (韭/韮)". In: www.zdic.net. January 1, 1999, accessed June 24, 2017 (Chinese).
- ↑ Description of "Allium tuberosum", "Jiu (韭)" in the Flora of China. In: foc.eflora.cn. Retrieved June 24, 2017 (Chinese, English).
- ↑ a b 葉 類 蔬菜 - 韭菜 - "Leaf vegetables, garlic and chives". In: www.fooddb.com.hk. Retrieved January 3, 2018 (Chinese, description of "Allium tuberosum", "Jiucai (韭菜)" in the Food Database of the Association for Hong Kong Catering Service and the Trade and Industry Department).
- ↑ a b c d e Garlic and Chives (Allium tuberosum). In: www. Pflanzen-lexikon.com. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Katrin Koelle: Garlic chives. In: eatsmarter.de. April 29, 2019, accessed February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Garlic and Chives. In: www.naturespride.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Garlic and chives for the fine garlic taste. In: www.gartenjournal.net. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng. In: www.tropicos.org. Accessed January 31, 2020 (English).
- ↑ Chives - Allium tuberosum. In: www.distelwerk.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Caring for the garlic and chives. In: www.gartenjournal.net. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Garlic and Chives. In: erlebnisbauernhof-gertrudenhof.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Chives: Allium tuberosum. In: www.kraizschouschteschgaart.info. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Dehner seed chives 'Knolau'. In: www.dehner.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Satsuki: Ohitashi - delicately blanched. In: bento -daisuki.de. August 14, 2017, accessed April 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Term “Ohitashi - お 浸 し, 御 浸 し”. In: tangorin.com. Retrieved April 21, 2020 (English, Japanese).
- ↑ Satsuki: Chijimi - Korean pancake. In: bento -daisuki.de. June 5, 2017, accessed April 21, 2020 .
- ↑ a b Use of garlic and chives. In: www.gartenjournal.net. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Garlic chives. In: www.gewuerzkompanie.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ^ Salgado, LN Monteiro, RS Rocha: Allium species poisoning in dogs and cats , in: The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (2011) 17 (1): 4-11.
- ↑ Description of the species "Allium tuberosum". In Flora of China (English) , FOC Volume 24, page 179th
- ↑ a b Chives, Allium tuberosum - sowing, cultivation, care. In: www.gartendialog.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Chives, pink (seeds). In: www.kraeuter-und-duftpflanze.de. Retrieved February 8, 2020 .
- ↑ Swantje Holtmann: Garlic chives. In: www.gartenzauber.com. January 20, 2017, accessed February 8, 2020 .