St. Laurentius (Unterneuhausen)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Laurentius in Untersteuhausen , a district of the Weihmichl community in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is a stately baroque country church, the furnishings of which mainly date from the Rococo period . It is registered with the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation as a monument with the number D-2-74-187-14 . The patron saint of the church is St. Lawrence of Rome , whose feast day is August 10th.
history
As early as 814, when Untereuhausen was first mentioned in a document and became the property of the Sankt Emmeram monastery in Regensburg , a baptistery could have existed on the site of today's parish church . From the documents of the monastery it emerges that already in 1031 a clergyman was in the place who was sitting on the " Pfarrhube ". Untereuhausen is likely to have been a parish village at that time .
The medieval building that preceded today's church was restored in 1589. At that time four altars were erected. The church was badly damaged in the Thirty Years War , so that it was in a ruinous condition at the beginning of the 18th century. In the first half of the 18th century, a new building was built, which was consecrated in 1741. The uniform baroque building has been preserved to this day. The Landshut court mason Felix Hirschstötter is sometimes mentioned as a master builder, who incidentally only appears later. Around 1770 the church was furnished in rococo style. The ceiling frescoes were signed by the painter Ignaz Kauffmann in 1773.
The church was last renovated in 2009. Among other things, an elaborate constructional safeguarding of the onion hood was necessary, as its wooden framework was badly rotten. In addition, the crowning of the tower was clad with copper sheet .
architecture
Exterior construction
The three-bay hall church with two-bay, semicircular closed choir is a stately, east-facing baroque building. The exterior is structured by pilaster strips , a detached base and a simple roof frieze. An onion dome is built on the west side, the ground floor of which serves as a vestibule and contains the only church portal . The tower stands on a two-storey substructure structured by pilasters over a square floor plan and tapers slightly to the superstructure structured by pilasters with rounded edges, which contains the bell cage. A strongly constricted onion dome with a ball and cross forms the upper end . The two-storey sacristy with a sloping pent roof is attached to the chancel on the south side .
inner space
The nave and choir are spanned by a barrel vault with stitch caps , which rises from double pilasters with strong, more profiled entablature. On the vault and above the windows there are stucco work with rocailles , which were probably made in the late Rococo period around 1770. The ceiling paintings in the choir and nave are embedded in curved stucco frames. A double gallery has been inserted in the rear nave yoke , on the upper floor of which the organ is housed.
Furnishing
Ceiling painting
The ceiling frescoes in the choir and nave, created by Ignaz Kauffmann, refer to the church patron Laurentius. The ceiling painting in the choir is signed Ignaz Kauffmann pinxit 1773 and shows a decisive scene from the life of the saint: Laurentius shows Emperor Valerian not gold , but arms who have come to the Christian faith as the true treasure of the church and is then tortured by the angry ruler and sentenced to death. The large ceiling fresco in the nave shows the martyrdom of St. Lawrence, the burning on the grate, as a consequence of the condemnation. Above this scene, however, you can already see what awaits the saint: Heaven with numerous angels, some of them swinging censer , who happily play with a garland of flowers . Above everything, in the midst of a halo, stands the equilateral triangle as a symbol for the Holy Trinity .
High altar
The high altar and the associated altar sheet were donated by the pastor of Untereuhausen at the time. It is a stately rococo altar with side passages, the structure of which is supported by two three columns. The middle column is moved slightly forward and thus creates a certain depth effect. The pillars frame the altar sheet , on which the assumption of the church patron Laurentius into heaven is depicted. He is lifted up to God the Father and God the Son by two angels with his instrument of torture , the rust , also framed by numerous putti . As side figures, the parents of Mary , Saint Joachim (left) and Saint Anna (right), flank the altar sheet.
Figures of Saints Johannes Nepomuk (left) and Sebastian (right) are arranged in curved openings above the side passages . The multi-cranked and offset entablature carries the altar extension with a Holy Spirit dove, which is backlit by a small round window on the east side of the choir. Around the outside are four rings of silver clouds. The extension is flanked by two angel figures sitting on volutes .
Side altars
The two baroque side altars are older than the rest of the furnishings. The two two-column altars, which are much more restrained in their design than the high altar, were probably taken over from the previous building. There is an exposure niche on each candlestick bench; above the large altar panel, which is flanked by two figures on side consoles . There are two vases on each of the sturdy entablature, framing the altar extension. The latter contains a further painting.
The north (left) side altar shows the Annunciation in the main image . The Blessed Mother kneels on a prayer chair and reads the scriptures . The Archangel Gabriel hovers above her , handing Mary a lily as a symbol of her chastity with his left hand and pointing to the Holy Spirit with his right hand, who can be seen in the sky in the form of a dove. St. John Nepomuk is shown in the extract. The holy bishops Benno von Meißen and the diocesan patron Wolfgang von Regensburg act as assistant figures .
The southern (right) side altar probably shows St. Aloisius in the main picture, while St. Florian is shown in the upper picture . The assistant figures are the saints Emmeram and Erhard , i.e. the second and third diocesan patrons of Regensburg.
pulpit
The richly decorated rococo pulpit is attached to the first double pilaster from the east on the Gospel side. The polygonal body is divided by volute pilasters into fields in which colored reliefs with representations of biblical parables can be seen. The reliefs continue on the stairs. Another relief can be seen on the back wall depicting the apostle Paul . On the sound cover, volutes form a raised pedestal on which a figure of the Apostle Peter stands.
Other equipment
Of particular importance is a figure placed on a console in the nave. It is a late Gothic crescent moon Madonna from around 1500. On her left she carries the naked baby Jesus , in her right she holds the scepter . The crown was probably added in the baroque period. The church stalls are still in their original baroque style with curved cheeks with simple carvings. The back of the armrests, which are labeled with seat numbers, also have simple ornamentation. The choir stalls are slightly more elaborate with acanthus carvings . In the rear of the nave there is an epitaph for Franz Xaver Olbert († 1766), who was pastor of Neuhausen for 28 years.
organ
The organ of the parish church of St. Laurentius was built in 1906 by Willibald Siemann from Munich in an early classicist prospect by the Landshut organ builder Joseph Schweinbacher from 1785. The pneumatic cone store instrument with a total of eleven registers on two manuals and pedal has the following disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, II / P, I / P, Sub II / I, Super II / I
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b churches . Online at www.weihmichl.de. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Unterneuhausen - Church of St. Laurentius . Online at kirchturm.net. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d Anton Eckardt (Ed.): Art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria - District Office Landshut. Oldenbourg, Munich 1914, pp. 213f. ( Digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 48 ° 36 ′ 59.8 " N , 11 ° 59 ′ 33.8" E