St. Martini (Braunschweig)
The Martinikirche is a parish church in Braunschweig . She was of the 12th century as the main and Parish precincts of Old Town built. Construction began around 1190/1195. Heinrich the Lion is considered the initiator . It is the only medieval double-towered church in Braunschweig with a completed western building (see also: Sächsischer Westriegel ). It is located west of the old town market and is surrounded on three sides by the street An der Martinikirche.
history
Construction of the original St. Martini Church lasted until around 1225/1230. Like the Brunswick Cathedral, it was built as a Romanesque pillar basilica with a cross-shaped floor plan, which was expanded into a Gothic hall church between 1250 and 1400 . The many yoke gables on the outside, which are regarded as typical for the region, are characteristic of the Gothic extensions .
In 1400 the choir was added and in 1434 the Annenkapelle, which was donated by Wasmod von Kemme from Braunschweig and which was covered for a long time by a tower with a pointed roof, later with a dome-shaped roof. Inside it contains six large statues (around 1440): Maria, the three wise men, Joachim and Anna selbdritt. Figures of apostles and saints can be seen above the keel arches , with the coronation of Mary in the middle. The other figures, only recognizable from below, show, among other things, figures making music and the heads of Brunswick citizens and monks of the time.
On the southern gable of the former transept there are several sandstone sculptures from the 14th century. Tympana hanging over the entrances on the north side represent the Lamb of God and the Entombment of Mary. These are the only original tympana preserved in Braunschweig.
In 1441 the bronze baptismal font was cast by Barthold Sprangken. It shows seven scenes from the life of Jesus. In 1528 the church became Protestant. In 1616 the baptismal font was given a wooden, three-story canopy on which biblical stories are also depicted, and in 1675 a wrought-iron grating followed. In 1899 the baptismal font was moved to its current location in the Annenkapelle. The workshop of Jürgen Röttger , in which the canopy was made, also created the richly decorated pulpit from 1617 to 1621 , which also contains numerous biblical motifs, such as figures of the five wise and five foolish virgins . Around 1700 the gables of the choir were equipped with gothic tracery , like the one in the neighboring old town hall . Between 1722 and 1725 Anton Detlev Jenner's marble and alabaster , completely preserved, baroque high altar was created , which shows , among other things, a scene from the Lord's Supper .
In the 19th century, a tower that stood between the two tall towers was removed. Between 1897 and 1899 Max Osterloh carried out extensive renovations. Among other things, the gallery on the south wall was reduced in size and newly decorated. During the Second World War , the roof structure and the westwork burned out completely. The interior of the church, however, was largely spared from the fire. The church was consecrated again in 1956, and the exterior was restored from 1979 to 1987. The two towers of the same height were not restored until 1980. The Annenkapelle was again given a pointed, but flatter tower. A Gothic roof turret , in which the tuning bells were hung, was not rebuilt. From 1991 to 1992 the interior was painted according to medieval color findings.
In 2003, the Braunschweiger AIDS-Hilfe used the westwork of the church as an embassy area: the 580 meters long red ribbon in the world at that time hung 10 days below the towers to draw attention to World AIDS Day .
Furnishing
From the Romanesque construction phase, the western building with parts of a Romanesque bell chamber and the two western side aisle portals that were moved during the renovation have been preserved. The former ducal box is hidden behind the organ prospect with its view through three Romanesque round arches.
On the outside wall and inside the church there are numerous epitaphs of deserving Braunschweig citizens. Most of the epitaphs date from the second half of the 16th century. The oldest epitaph dates from 1554 and commemorates the mayor Gerhard von Pawel and his second wife Anna von Windheim.
One of the best-known epitaphs is the epitaph of the Brunswick reformer Martin Chemnitz hanging in an exposed position south of the high altar . The approx. 2.40 m high work contained a painting of the theologian, sitting at a table and equipped with a book, an inkwell and a pen. The painting is attributed to the environment by Lucas Cranach the Younger . Below the board is the biblical passage Gal 2.20 EU in Latin , which Chemnitz himself had determined in his will.
The twenty-six-armed candlestick in front of the high altar was donated by Jost Kale at the end of the 16th century.
organ
The first organ in the church was built in 1510 by Johann Sporleder. The present organ front dates from 1631 and was built by Jonas Weigel . Shortly after completion, Delphin Strungk became organist at the Martini Church. The historical prospectus and the gallery parapet, which ran differently until the end of the 19th century, are richly decorated with images of the twelve apostles and scenes from the passion story. The central inscription comes from Psalm 150, verses 1 and 6. Under the back positive, facing the believer who is leaving the church, there is the inscription: "HAEC SI CONTINGVNT TERRIS QVAE GAVDIA COELO" (When these joys are bestowed on the earth, which (only then ) Heaven.)
Today's organ was built by the Hillebrand brothers in 1969–1972 after a successor to the original organ had been destroyed in World War II . The sound disposition was a reconstruction of the organ from 1631. Today's organ has 45 registers and has the following disposition :
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Bells
The Martinikirche in Braunschweig has the largest bell in the city, the “Great Eagle” (weight: 5172 kg, strike: f sharp 0 ). The entire chime of the church includes eleven bells:
No. |
Surname |
Casting year |
Mass (kg) |
Nominal |
1 | Great eagle | 1624 | 5172 | f sharp 0 |
2 | Sermon or Martin's bell | 1665 | 3300 | a 0 |
3 | Wedding bell | 1967 | 2154 | cis 1 |
4th | Call bell | 1981 | 1535 | e 1 |
5 | Epiphany Bell | 13./14. Century | 1250 | f sharp 1 |
6th | Reformation Memorial Bell | 1985 | 760 | g sharp 1 |
7th | Martin Chemnitz bell | 1987 | 660 | a 1 |
8th | Johann Arndt bell | 1987 | 565 | h 1 |
9 | Thomas Bell | 1982 | 489 | c sharp 2 |
I. | Tuning bell | around 1300 | 55.2 | h 2 |
II | Tuning bell | around 1300 | 17th | e 3 |
According to findings from August 2011, the two tuning bells are the oldest bells in the city of Braunschweig. The three kings bell bears the inscription "+ IASPAR · FERT · MIRBAM · THVS · MELCHIOR · BALTAZAR · AVRUM" (German: Kaspar brings myrrh, Frankincense Melchior, Balthasar Gold.). It was previously rung as a weather bell to avert storm and weather damage to the church and its surroundings, as the Three Wise Men were considered weather saints.
Use and environment
In the church services are held regularly, and it also serves casualia . "Market devotions" take place on Saturdays during the weekly market . Concerts are occasionally held, including organ concerts. Guided tours of the church and church history are offered.
The buildings around the Martinikirche include - clockwise from the north - the former headquarters of the Löbbecke bank , the old town hall , the former Rüninger customs house , the Gewandhaus and the former landscaped house - today the district court.
To the south of the Martinikirche there is a square that, like the streets to the west and north, is called "An der Martini Church". The Martinifriedhof was located there until 1758 , on which the Paulskapelle stood, which was first mentioned in 1311 and demolished in 1791. Today the place is used as a parking lot.
gallery
literature
- Elmar Arnhold: St. Martini - parish church in the old town. In: Medieval metropolis Braunschweig. Architecture and urban architecture from the 11th to 15th centuries. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2018, ISBN 978-3-944939-36-0 , pp. 104-115.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments, Bremen / Lower Saxony. German art publisher, 1977.
- Verena Friedrich: St. Martini Braunschweig. Kunstverlag-PEDA, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-75-7 .
- Wolfgang Kimpflinger: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, Volume 1.1 .: City of Braunschweig, Part 1. Hameln 1993, ISBN 3-87585-252-4 .
- Norbert Koch: St. Martini. In: Luitgard Camerer , Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 , p. 153 f .
- Richard Moderhack : Brunswick town history. Braunschweig 1997.
- Sebastian Wamsiedler: The rediscovery of the tuning bells of the St. Martinikirche in Braunschweig. In: Yearbook for bell technology. Volume 25/26. Gescher 2013/2014, pages 15-30.
Web links
- Official website of St. Martini
- The bell of St. Martini (PDF file, 582 kB)
- Disposition of the organ by S. Martini (PDF file; 434 kB)
- Sebastian Wamsiedler: The big eagle of the St. Martinikirche in Braunschweig. Publication at the German Bell Museum. 2014
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Norbert Koch: Braunschweiger church leader. City Church Association and Provost Office Braunschweig , Braunschweig 1994
- ↑ a b c St. Martini parish (ed.): A short guide to the St. Martinikirche in Braunschweig. Braunschweig, no year
- ^ Verena Friedrich: St. Martini Braunschweig. Kunstverlag-PEDA, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-75-7 , p. 15.
- ^ Verena Friedrich: St. Martini Braunschweig. Kunstverlag-PEDA, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-75-7 , p. 5.
- ↑ a b Report on the discovery of the two tuning bells at propstei-braunschweig.de , accessed on December 27, 2015.
- ↑ http://www.taz.de/1/archiv/print-archiv/printressorts/digi-artikel/?ressort=na&dig=2003%2F11%2F29%2Fa0317&cHash=dd9e9dc39b/
- ^ Verena Friedrich: St. Martini Braunschweig. Kunstverlag-PEDA, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-75-7 , p. 20.
- ↑ http://www.inschriften.net/braunschweig/inschrift/nr/di056-0574.html#content
- ↑ St. Martini Church in Braunschweig: The organ of the Martinikirche. Accessed on July 8, 2020.
- ↑ http://www.inschriften.net/braunschweig/inschrift/nr/di056-0823.html#content
- ^ Verena Friedrich: St. Martini Braunschweig. Kunstverlag-PEDA, Passau 1995, ISBN 3-930102-75-7 , p. 19.
- ↑ Disposition of the organ , (PDF file; 424 kB), accessed on March 7, 2014.
- ↑ The ringing of St. Martini (PDF file, 582 kB)
- ↑ http://www.inschriften.net/braunschweig-bis-1528/inschrift/nr/di035-0027.html#content
- ↑ Portrait of the chapel at the Schunteraue Culture and History Association , accessed on May 19, 2013
Coordinates: 52 ° 15 ′ 45 " N , 10 ° 30 ′ 59" E