Stockholm tram
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| Basic information | |
| Country | Sweden |
| city | Stockholm |
| opening | July 10, 1877 |
| electrification | September 5, 1901 |
| operator |
Storstockholms Lokaltrafik
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| Infrastructure | |
| Gauge | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Power system | 750 V = |
| Stops | 60 |
| Depots | 4th |
| business | |
| Lines | 4 + 1 museum line |
| Line length | 38.2 |
| vehicles | A32 , A34 , A35 , A36 |
The tram in Stockholm ( Swedish Stockholms spårvägar ) is a means of transport in the Swedish capital. A "network" in the sense of the word has not existed since 1967, rather there are four lines, each with an individual history, of which only two are connected with each other.
history
Origin of the tram (1877-1915)
alternative drives
The horse-drawn tram operation was first started in Sweden on July 10, 1877 by the Stockholms Nya Spårvägsaktiebolag (SNS). This only operated in Norrmalm and on the island of Stadsholmen and was therefore also called Norra bolaget over time . In 1887, Stockholm's Södra Spårvägsaktiebolag (SSB) also started operating horse-drawn trams on Södermalm . The last horse-drawn tram in Stockholm ran on February 10, 1905.
Between August 11, 1887 and November 15, 1901, the SSB used Rowan steam railcars on Hornsgata in Södermalm, the gradients of which were too great for horse riding .
A petrol tram also operated in Stockholm in the 1920s . An area near Gärdet that the route passed was classified as an emergency airfield , so no overhead contact line was approved there.
Electric tram
The first electric tram went into operation in Södermalm on September 5, 1901, followed by expansion to Norrmalm on February 13, 1904.
This development made it possible to put longer suburban lines into operation, previously the tram lines were limited to downtown Stockholm. Airlines to Västerort , with branches after Nockeby ( Nockebybanan ) Ulvsunda and Södra Ängby , Söderort , with branches above Skanstull to Skarpnäck and Örby , as well as Hornstull to Gröndal , Mälarhöjden and Fruängen were built, as well as routes to Solna , Sundbyberg and Lidingö ( Lidingöbanan ). The Lidingö lines were extended to the city center from 1925 after the Lidingöbron was built . All suburban lines were radial lines with no continuous connections.
Merger of the tram company (1915–1939)
In 1915, the municipal AB Stockholms Spårvägar (SS) was founded, which was entrusted with the coordination of tram operations. In 1917 she took over the operation of the lines of the Stockholms Nya Spårvägsaktiebolag (SNS) and the following year that of the Stockholms Södra Spårvägsaktiebolag (SSB). Although the operation of the subnets was so formally in one hand, there was no track connection over the Slussen between Stadsholmen and Södermalm until 1922 . On April 1, 1922, the route network was reformed and continuous routes through the city center and across the bridge at the lock were introduced.
On October 1, 1933, a tram tunnel between Slussen and Skanstull went into operation in Södermalm , which was called the Tunnelbana and from which today's Stockholm underground network, the Stockholm tunnelbana, developed. From 1941 onwards, underground standards were used as a basis for newly built tunnels. They were driven on by modern bi- directional cars of type A24 / B24 ( Ängbyvagn ). These cars were modernized in the 1980s and remained in service on Lidingöbanan until 2013.
After the opening of Västerbro in 1935, another north-south connection was established for the tram, which did not pass the old town ( Gamla stan ).
| 1 | Norrmalmstorg - Stureplan - Birger Jarlsgatan - Odenplan - S: t Eriksplan - Fridhemsplan - Tegelbacken - Gamla stan - Slussen - Årstalunden |
| 2 | Fridhemsplan - Fleminggatan - Kungsgatan - Stureplan - Karlavägen - Karlaplan - Narvavägen - Strandvägen - Norrmalmstorg - Gustav Adolfs torg - Tegelbacken - Fridhemsplan - Fredhäll |
| 3 | Haga Södra - Odenplan - Vasagatan - Norra Bantorget - Tegelbacken - Gamla stan - Slussen - Hornsgatan - Heleneborgsgatan |
| 4th | Ring line : Norrmalmstorg - Sibyllegatan - Östra stations - Odenplan - S: t Eriksplan - Fridhemsplan - Västerbron - Hornstull - Rosenlundsgatan - Ringvägen - Slussen - Gamla stan - Gustav Adolfs torg - Norrmalmstorg |
| 5 | Östra stations - Stureplan - Norrmalmstorg - Gustav Adolfs torg - Tegelbacken - Norra Bantorget - Vasagatan - Odenplan - Karlberg |
| 6th | Roslagstull - Birger Jarlsgatan - Stureplan - Norrmalmstorg - Gustav Adolfs torg - Gamla stan - Slussen - Sofia |
| 7th | Norrmalmstorg - Strandvägen - Djurgården Waldemarsudde |
| 8th | Slussen - Medborgarplatsen - Skanstull - Enskede - Skärpnäck |
| 9 | Karlberg - Dalagatan - Norra Bantorget - Vasagatan - Tegelbacken - Gamla stan - Slussen - Danvikstull |
| 10 | Ropsten - Lidingövägen - Stureplan - Norrmalmstorg - Gustav Adolfs Torg - Gamla Stan - Slussen - Hornsgatan - Hornstull |
| 11 | Karlaplan - Linnégatan - Stureplan - Kungsgatan - Fleminggatan - Mariebergsgatan |
| 12 | Tegelbacken - Fridhelmsplan - Alvik - Ålsten - Nockeby |
| 13 | Tegelbacken - Fridhelmsplan - Alvik - Ulvsunda |
| 14th | Vanadisplan - Odenplan - Sveavägen - Kungsgatan - Stureplan - Norrmalmstorg - Strandvägen - Djurgården Waldemarsudde |
| 15th | Norra Bantorget - Dalagatan - Odenplan - Haga Södra - Haga Norra - Hagalund - Sundbyberg |
| 16 | Slussen - Hornsgatan - Liljeholmsbron - Grönbrink - Aspudden - Mälarhöjden |
| 17th | Slussen - Hornsgatan - Liljeholmsbron - Grönbrink - Midsommarkransen - Tellusborg |
| 18th | Slussen - Hornsgatan - Liljeholmsbron - Grondal - Ekensberg |
| 19th | Slussen - Medborgarplatsen - Skanstull - Enskedefältet - Stureby - Örby |
| 20th | Stureplan (Humlegårdsgatan) - Lidingövägen - Ropsten - Islinge - Vasavägen - Kyrkviken |
| 21st | Stureplan (Humlegårdsgatan) - Lidingövägen - Ropsten - Herserud - Skärsätra - Brevik - Gåshaga brygga |
Cessation of the network (1939–1967)
In 1939 it was decided to discontinue the tram in the city center for the long term, as it was seen as an obstacle to the growing individual traffic in the sense of the car-friendly city . As the first line, line 11 was replaced by trolleybus line 41 in 1941. The Second World War slowed this wave of attitudes as there was a shortage of both fuel and rubber during the war. Trolleybuses operated in Stockholm from 1941 to 1964.
In 1941 it was decided to build the first underground line, today's Gröna linje . From this point on, further tram extensions in the suburbs were prepared for later subway operation, so they were built without intersections and with prepared central platforms. These routes, which were opened as trams and which were later included in the subway network, are (each with the date of the changeover):
- Slussen - Skanstull (October 1, 1950)
- Gullmarsplan - Blåsut (October 1, 1950)
- Globes - Stureby (September 9, 1951)
- Alvik - Islandstorget (October 26, 1952) of the green lines and
- Telephone plan - Västertorp (April 5, 1964) of the red lines .
The recruitment plans were postponed during the war and the first few years after the war. In 1946, the transport company again procured new trams ( Mustang ) for inner-city traffic . The last inner-city new lines to Hakberget (line 4) and Tessinparken (line 8) went into operation in 1952.
In 1957 the Stockholm City Council decided to discontinue tram operations in the city center, i.e. the actual Stockholm municipality . Operation was to be given up at the end of the existing generation of vehicles in the mid-1970s. When the government decided in 1963 to switch to right-hand traffic in Sweden , the end was brought forward. The last trams in the city center ran on the night of September 3, 1967, the day of the changeover .
On January 1, 1967, the previous tram company Stockholms Spårvägar (SS ) was restructured into Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL). She was given responsibility for all local public transport in Stockholm Province . Only one tram car was equipped with the new SL logo. Between 1967 and 1968 most of the trams were burned down and scrapped.
Intermediate phase (1967–1991)
After 1967, only three tram lines remained in operation on two sub- networks that served as a connection to the subway: the Nockebybana (line 12) between Alvik and Nockeby, and the southern and northern Lidingöbana between Ropsten and Kyrkviken (line 20) and Gåshaga (line 21). Two-way cars were used on the Nockebybana before, so it could be converted to right-hand traffic with little effort. To ensure connections with short transfer routes in the Alvik underground station, an intersection was built at the Alléparken stop. The end of the stretch to Alvik, which is not on the public road, will continue to be driven on in left-hand traffic. The mostly single-track Lidingöbana ran east of the Ropsten underground station mainly on its own track and could therefore also be preserved. The northern Lidingöbana (line 20) was discontinued in 1971.
In 1975, lines 12 and 21 were renamed 120 and 221 to fit the numbering system of the surrounding bus routes. When the Ängbyvagn from the 1940s were slowly getting old in the late 1970s and early 1980s, there was talk of discontinuing the last two tram lines. Two citizens' initiatives, Rädda Tolvan ("Save the Twelve") and Lidingöbanans vänner ("Friends of Lidingöbanan"), however, reached a decision by the Conservatives , Center and Left parties to renew the vehicle fleet. In 1989 both lines got their previous numbers back.
Tram renaissance (since 1991)
Since the 1990s, new tram routes have been built in Stockholm, mainly in the suburbs, but also in the city center.
Djurgårdslinjen and Spårväg City
The first new tram route was the Djurgårdslinje 7, a museum tram between Norrmalmstorg in the city center and Waldemarsudde on the island of Djurgården with several museums such as the Skansen open-air museum and the Gröna Lund amusement park . This line was financed and built by both the province and the municipality of Stockholm via the Stiftelsen Stockholms Museispårvägar ("Foundation Stockholm Museum Trams "), but against the resistance of Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. The museum line operation began in 1991, operator is Svenska Spårvägssällskapet ("Swedish Tram Company "). Because of the objection from SL, the line was not included in the community tariff. In parallel, SL used bus route 47. Only after a few years did the operators agree on the recognition of SL season tickets . Some of the historic cars are one-way cars, the majority of which have been converted to drive on the right. The route received several turning loops for its use.
On June 19, 2007, the SL's board of directors decided to extend the route to Sergels torg, to operate it with modern cars and thus to replace bus route 47, which previously ran parallel to the museum tram. On August 23, 2010, the new line 7 began operating under the name Spårväg City , the historic trams have been running as line 7N since then. Since 2011 they can also be used with all tickets. The extension was viewed by the Social Democratic Party and the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce as a waste of SL investment funds.
On September 3, 2018, line 7 was again extended from Kungstradgården, to which it was withdrawn for the further construction of Sergels torg, to the Central Station transport hub with City and T-Centralen stations .
Tvärbanan
As part of the Dennispaketet infrastructure program , which was adopted by the Conservatives , Social Democrats and Liberals in 1992 , it was decided to build a tangential light rail link . In 2000 the first section of the Tvärnana ("cross line") opened between Liljeholmen and Gullmarsplan . After further route extensions at both ends, this line will run between Solna and Sickla in 2019 .
Route network
The network actually consists of several independent lines. The Nockeby- and Tvrebsana are connected to each other in Alvik, the wagons are used on both lines. Both also have track connections to the underground and long-distance rail network.
| line | Surname | Line route | length | Stops | vehicles | Depots |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7th | Spårväg City | T-Centralen - Waldemarsudde | 3.5 km | 11 | A34 , A35 | Alkärrshallen |
| 7N | Djurgårdslinjen | Norrmalmstorg - Skansen | 2.9 km | 7th | Museum vehicles | Alkärrshallen |
| 12 | Nockebybanan | Nockeby - Alvik ( metro station ) | 5.7 km | 10 | A32 , A35 | Brommadepån |
| 21st | Lidingobanan | Ropsten ( metro station ) - Gåshaga brygga | 9.2 km | 13 | A36 | Lidingödepån |
| 22nd | Tvärbanan | Solna station - Sickla | 19.8 km | 26th | A32 , A35 | Ulvsundadepån |
Local public transport in Stockholm is planned and coordinated by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL), but operation is the responsibility of third parties. In 2019, these are for lines 7, 7N and 21 AB Stockholms Spårvägar (SS), a subsidiary of Svenska Spårvägssällskapet and named after the former tram company before 1967, and for lines 12 and 22 Arriva Sverige .
Opening table
(With the exception of lines 12 and 21, the previous network until 1967 is not included)
| Opening date | line | route | Route length (in km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29 Aug 1914 | 12 | (Downtown -) Alvik - Alléparken | 0.9 |
| 1914 | 21st | Herserud - Parkvagen | 4.1 |
| 1914 | 21st | Parkvägen - Brevik | 2.0 |
| 1916 | 21st | Brevik - Gåshaga brygga | 2.1 |
| Oct. 1, 1923 | 12 | Alléparken - Smedslätten | 1.3 |
| Aug 30, 1924 | 12 | Smedslatten - Ålstens gård | 0.9 |
| May 20, 1925 | 21st | Herserud - Ropsten (- city center) | 1.0 |
| Oct. 1, 1926 | 12 | Ålstens gård - Höglandstorget | 0.8 |
| Sep 30 1929 | 12 | Höglandstorget - Nockeby | 1.5 |
| June 2, 1991 | 7th | Norrmalmstorg - Waldemarsudde | 3.3 |
| Jan. 8, 2000 | 22nd | Gullmarsplan - Liljeholmen | 4.9 |
| June 1, 2000 | 22nd | Liljeholmen - Alvik | 4.2 |
| Aug 14, 2002 | 22nd | Gullmarsplan - Sickla udde | 2.5 |
| 23 Aug 2010 | 7th | Norrmalmstorg - Sergels torg | 0.4 |
| Oct 28, 2013 | 22nd | Alvik - Solna center | 5.8 |
| Aug 18, 2014 | 22nd | Solna centrum - Solna station | 0.9 |
| Oct 2, 2017 | 22nd | Sickla udde - Sickla | 0.6 |
| 3rd Sep 2018 | 7th | Sergels torg - T-Centralen | 0.2 |
future
Individual extensions of the tram network are planned in the future.
Connection Spårväg City and Lidingöbanan
Since the expansion of Lidingöbana in 2011, a connection with Spårväg City (line 7) has been planned. The two lines are already operated by the same company AB Stockholms Spårvägar . Between the Djurgårdsbron stops on line 7 and the Ropsten terminus, a new line of almost five kilometers across the free port (Frihamnen) is to be built. The planning of the extension is currently "paused".
Tvärbanan to Kista
Since spring 2018, a new branch of the Tvärnana, almost eight kilometers long, has been under construction from Johannesfred via Stockholm / Bromma Airport , Rissne and Kista to Helenelund station. It is scheduled to go into operation by 2020 to Bromma Airport, to Ursvik in 2022 and to Helenelund in 2023.
Spårväg Syd
In 2012, the Transport Commission commissioned a study on a light rail system in southern Stockholm, Spårväg Syd . Following a public participation process in 2015, the state, the affected municipalities and the Stockholm region signed an agreement to build the route. Construction work is scheduled to begin in 2024, and commissioning is expected in 2028 at the earliest. The planned route runs from Älvsjö station via Fruängen , Skärholmen and Masmo to Flemingsberg station, but the exact route has not yet been determined as of 2019.
Web links
- AB Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (Swedish)
- Tram.se - Stockholm tramway lines (English)
- Pictures of the Stockholm tram
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hvar 8 Dag: illustreradt magasin , Sjette årgången, [2. October 1904 - September 24, 1905], Förlags AB Hvar 8 dags tryckeri, Göteborg 1905, p. 327
- ↑ Gábor Sandi: Stockholm 1936. In: The GS Tram Site. July 16, 2006, accessed November 4, 2019 .
- ^ Stockholmshjärta: Tunnelbanan i Stockholm: Historia 1950–2018 on YouTube , December 16, 2018, accessed on November 4, 2019 (Swedish, with subtitles).
- ↑ Så var det, pictures från 50- och 60-talets Stockholm, 1992, ISBN 91-7588-855-6 , p. 104.
- ↑ Spårväg City. Stockholm Region , accessed November 2, 2019 (Swedish).
- ^ Tvärbanan till Kista och Helenelund. Stockholm Region , accessed November 2, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ Spårväg syd. Stockholm Region , accessed November 2, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ Förstudie Spårväg syd - Slutrapport. (PDF; 5.3 MB) AB Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, September 2012, accessed on November 2, 2019 (Swedish).
- ↑ Spårväg syd planning study. (PDF; 3 MB) March 15, 2016, accessed November 2, 2019 (Swedish).
| organization | ||
| Subway |
Tunnelbanan ( Blå linjen 10 11 • Röda linjen 13 14 • Gröna linjen 17 18 19 ) |
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| Local and suburban trains |
Saltsjöbanan 25 26 • Roslagsbanan 27 28 29 • Pendeltåg 40 - 48 |
|
| Trams |
Stockholm tram ( Spårväg City 7 • Nockebybanan 12 • Lidingöbanan 21 • Tvärbanan 22 ) |
