Terrorist attacks in Brussels on March 22, 2016

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The attack sites in Belgium

The terrorist attacks in Brussels on March 22, 2016 were suicide attacks at Brussels-Zaventem Airport ( Flemish Brabant Province in Flanders ) and in downtown Brussels ( Brussels-Capital Region ). According to a so-called news agency close to it, the terrorist organization “ Islamic State ” (IS) claimed responsibility for the attacks . On the morning of March 22, 2016, two terrorists blew themselves up at Brussels-Zaventem Airport and another in downtown Brussels in the Maalbeek / Maelbeek metro station . The latter is in close proximity to the buildings of some EU authorities, including the European Commission . According to official figures, 32 people from 22 countries were killed, plus three of the attackers, and more than 300 were injured.

Sequence of events

Attack at Brussels-Zaventem Airport

The alleged bombers on a picture of a surveillance camera at the Brussels-Zaventem airport concourse: the two suicide bombers Najim Laachraoui (24, left) and Ibrahim El Bakraoui (29, center) and Mohamed Abrini (31, right with a white jacket and black hat)

At around 8 a.m. at Brussels-Zaventem Airport ⊙ near the Belgian capital, two explosive devices detonated at intervals of 10 to 15 seconds in the departure hall near two departure counters . The glass front of the hall broke, parts of the hall ceiling collapsed. Later, the explosions were a at the point AK-47 - assault rifle found and a third bomb that was not detonate. This third bomb could be defused.

The Belgian authorities later announced that it had been a suicide attack with nail bombs . At least 11 people died and 100 were injured at the airport.

According to media reports, the suicide bombers were called Ibrahim El Bakraoui and Najim Laachraoui. The authorities started a manhunt for a third suspect, who can be seen on surveillance videos wearing a black hat and white jacket. A suspect in the meantime was released. After his arrest on April 8, 2016, Mohamed Abrini confessed to being the wanted third suspect.

Stop in the Maalbeek / Maelbeek metro station

Expressions of mourning at the entrance to the Maalbeek / Maelbeek station, two days after the attack

Another detonation occurred at 9:11 a.m. local time in the Maalbeek / Maelbeek ⊙ station of the Brussels Metro in downtown Brussels , which is in close proximity to the European Commission and the European Council . The explosion occurred in a halting metro train, in the middle of a train consisting of three cars. Khalid El Bakraoui was identified as the bomber, his brother Ibrahim El Bakraoui was one of the two bombers at the airport. Sixteen people died in the subway and around 130 were injured, some seriously. Among the injured were three European Commission employees.

Oussama Krayem was also supposed to blow himself up in the subway train, but left El Bakraoui at the entrance to the Pétillon metro station. The day before, Oussama Krayem had bought the backpacks in downtown Brussels, they were filled in the hiding place of the airport bombers in rue Max Roos in Schaerbeek , and the previous evening Krayem brought both rucksacks one by one to the hiding place of the two on Avenue des Casernes in Etterbeek . After Krayem had left El Bakraoui, he mistakenly took a metro out of town and changed direction at the Beaulieu metro station.

Memorial wall by Benoît van Innis in Maelbeek metro station in Brussels
Commemorative list commemorating the 16 people who died in Maelbeek metro station in Brussels

A memorial wall was inaugurated in the subway station, designed by the artist Benoît Van Innis, who also designed the subway station. On the third anniversary, a memorial list with the names of the sixteen victims was unveiled next to it.

Casualty numbers

According to official figures, 32 victims died in the attacks, including four who died in hospital from their injuries and the three suicide bombers; so a total of 35 people. Around 340 people were injured.

Manhunt

During the search that was subsequently initiated, the police found another nail bomb and chemicals in one of the searched apartments in Brussels. A flag of the "Islamic State" (IS) was found there, and according to the IS spokesman Amaq , the terrorist organization claimed responsibility for the attacks in the afternoon. The security forces got on the trail of the alleged apartment of the assassins through the testimony of the taxi driver who had driven the three men with their bulky luggage to the airport. The attackers originally planned to take more pieces of luggage with them.

According to the Turkish President Erdoğan , Ibrahim El Bakraoui was expelled from Turkey in 2015. Turkey warned Belgian and Dutch authorities on 14 July 2015 in vain that the man was a “foreign terrorist fighter”. The European authorities could have found "no links to terrorism". Apparently, a Belgian police officer is said to have abducted important information in Istanbul . After the terror series in Paris on November 13, 2015 , the Turkish government warned the French authorities twice about one of the terrorists. The French authorities did not respond. The Belgian Justice Minister Koen Geens admitted that the security authorities had made mistakes in handling information about terrorists. Belgium also had a government crisis in addition to the terrorist crisis. Koen Geens and the Belgian Interior Minister Jan Jambon offered to resign. A parliamentary commission is to investigate the failures of the government, the judiciary and the police.

The Athens police warned the Belgian authorities of an Islamist terrorist attack at Brussels Airport in January 2015. According to this, plans were discovered in two apartments in Athens that had been rented by Islamists. After the attacks in Paris in November, it turned out that one of the men was Abdelhamid Abaaoud . Abaaoud is believed to have been the mastermind behind the Paris attacks and was killed a few days after the series of terrorist attacks in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis .

Ibrahim El Bakraoui was on a United States terrorist list before the November 13 attacks in Paris. Shortly after the attacks, his younger brother Khalid El Bakraoui was also added to the list.

In Germany, the police arrested two men, in Giessen and in the Düsseldorf area , who could belong to the environment of the Brussels attackers.

On April 8, 2016, Mohamed Abrini and five other people were arrested by the Belgian police in the Brussels municipality of Anderlecht . Four of those arrested are accused of participating in terrorist attacks with an Islamist background. After his arrest, Abrini said he was the wanted "man in the hat" at Brussels Airport.

List of perpetrators

So far, the identity of the following perpetrators has been established:

Surname Alias nationality Date of birth place of birth Age * crime scene
Ibrahim El Bakraoui † BelgiumBelgium Belgium Oct 9, 1986 Brussels 29 Airport
Najim Laachraoui † Soufiane Kayal MoroccoMorocco Morocco May 18, 1991 Ajdir 24 Airport
Mohamed Abrini BelgiumBelgium Belgium Dec. 27, 1984 Berchem-Sainte-Agathe / Sint-Agatha-Berchem 31 Airport
Khalid El Bakraoui † BelgiumBelgium Belgium Jan. 12, 1989 Brussels 27 Metro station
†: killed in the attacks on March 22, 2016 * = at the time of the attacks

Details of the suicide bombers

  • Ibrahim El Bakraoui was a convicted violent robber . In 2010 he was sentenced to ten years in prison for shooting police officers after attempting robbery. He was released early on parole. He disappeared after breaking parole.
  • According to investigations, Khalid El Bakraoui blew himself up on a train in Brussels on March 22nd. In 2011, he was sentenced to five years in prison for multiple car thefts, but evaded the sentence. He is suspected of renting the apartment of the alleged Paris assassin Salah Abdeslam.
  • Najim Laachraoui had ties to the Paris attacks. DNA traces of him were found on a demolition belt used in Paris. According to a television station, Laachroui appears to have worked at Brussels Airport for five years. According to the broadcaster, Laachroui and others have set up a secret prayer room at the airport.

process

On the third anniversary of the attacks, the Belgian judiciary announced that the trial would begin in 2020 and would run for at least six months. Since around 600 co-plaintiffs will be involved in the process and around a thousand spectator seats will be required, the process will not take place in the Brussels Palace of Justice , but will be relocated to the old NATO headquarters in Evere .

In February 2020, the Belgian public prosecutor announced that they were bringing charges against thirteen people, most of whom are in custody:

  • Salah Abdeslam was arrested four days before the attacks on March 18 for involvement in the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015 in Paris in Molenbeek on Rue de Quatre-Vents , but was part of the terrorist cell and should therefore also be charged and before Court appear.
  • Mohamed Abrini, known as the "man in the hat" from the mug shot at Zaventem airport on March 22nd, left his suitcase filled with an explosive device at the airport that did not ignite. He was arrested at El Makhoukhi's home on April 8, 2016.
    In the time before the attacks, he was accompanied by Salah Abdeslam. Abrini was a petty criminal who stood on trial and was convicted dozens of times.
  • Oussama Atar is a nephew of the El Bakraoui brothers and is said to have played an important role in the "secret service" of the Islamic State in Syria . He is considered to be the initiator and organizer of the attacks on November 13, 2015 in Paris and the attacks of March 22, 2016 in Brussels, as well as the attack on the Thalys train 9364 on August 21, 2015, the failed attack on a Catholic church on August 19, 2015 April 2015 in Villejuif, France and the thwarted terrorist attack in Verviers, Belgium in January 2015. Atar was on the run, but may have died in Syria.
  • Sofien Ayari (alias Amine Choukri and Monir Ahmed Alaaj) was arrested together with Salah Abdeslam on March 18, 2016, but was also a member of the terror cell. Is considered the bomb maker, also for the attacks in Paris on November 13, 2016, on the day he drove with Oussama Krayem to Schiphol Airport , then to Paris.
  • Fayçal Cheffou was initially mistaken for the "man in the hat" in the mug shots from Zaventem airport, but the investigation is to be closed.
  • Youssef El Ajmi is a childhood friend of Khalid El Bakraoui and Ali Haddad Asufi and frequented Khalid El Bakraoui's hiding place in Etterbeek. He also worked at the airport in Zaventem and provided information on the take-offs, as the attack there was primarily intended to hit Americans.
  • Bilal El Makhoukhi (28 years old) kept Abrini and Krayem hidden in his apartment on rue du Tivoli / Tivolistraat in Laeken , where they were arrested on April 8, 2016. He was convicted as an Islamist in 2015 as part of the trial against the members of Sharia4Belgium . He is also said to have played a role in the preparations, his fingerprints could be secured on a battery packaging that is associated with the explosives at the airport.
  • Smaïl Farisi rented the apartment in Etterbeek, which he made available to Khalid El Bakraoui and Krayem from October in preparation for the attacks and as a hiding place, and which he emptied and renovated with his brother Ibrahim after the attacks.
  • Ali Haddad Asufi helped Khalid El Bakraoui to move into the hiding place in Etterbeek in October 2015 and was also there regularly later.
  • Oussama Krayem was filmed in the Pétillon metro station with the assassin Khalid El Bakraoui, but abandoned his plan at the last moment and dumped his explosive device in the sink in his hiding place in Etterbeek . He first fled to Bayingana Muhirwa. On April 8, 2016, he and others were arrested at El Makhoukhi's home.
    He was also involved in the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015 in Paris and is therefore also charged in France. He was also identified as an accomplice in the execution of a Jordanian fighter pilot by the so-called " Islamic State " who was burned alive in a cage in January 2015. Krayem is a Swedish citizen of Syrian descent and came to     Germany with Sofien Ayari in September 2015 during the refugee crisis via the Balkan route , where he was picked up by Salah Abdeslam on October 3, 2015.
  • Hervé Bayingana Muhirwa (32 years) from Rwanda , supporter, with Krayem, Abrini and El Makhoukhi arrested on April 8, 2016.
  • Brahim Tabich was the owner of a small do-it-yourself store on Avenue de Stalingrad / Stalingradlaan in the city center and is said to have sold the bombers material for their explosives.

background

On November 13, 2015, there were terrorist attacks in Paris . Salah Abdeslam , often referred to as the logistician of the Paris terrorist attacks, was arrested a few days before the attacks in Brussels during a raid by the Belgian police in the municipality of Molenbeek-Saint-Jean / Sint-Jans-Molenbeek .

The Brussels attackers are probably members of that same terrorist cell. Some media speculated about a possible act of revenge by the terrorists. On the following Wednesday a notebook with an audio will from Ibrahim El Bakraoui was found in a garbage can in the municipality of Schaerbeek / Schaarbeek , in which Ibrahim El Bakraoui justified the terrorist attacks, among other things, with the increased pressure to be searched. According to the Brussels public prosecutor's office, another attack was planned in Paris, due to the progress made in the investigation, the terrorists had changed their minds at short notice.

Najim Laachraoui, one of the airport attackers, is said to have been involved in building the bombs for the Paris attacks.

After the attack

Digital French-language billboard: "Stay where you are, avoid any movement, use SMS or social networks as a preference ."

After the attacks, the Belgian federal government issued the highest terror warning level (level 4). Prime Minister Charles Michel convened the National Security Council ( Conseil national de sécurité ).

Local public transport was discontinued, most flights canceled or diverted. The airport remained closed until April 2, 2016 and then resumed restricted and highly secure operations. International train traffic to and from Belgium has been discontinued.

  • Some airports in Europe increased their security measures.
  • The German Federal Police increased security measures at the borders with Belgium , France , the Netherlands and Luxembourg .
  • The border with Belgium is controlled more strictly by the Netherlands.
  • Israel has stopped all flights from Europe.
  • The international soccer match between Belgium and Portugal planned for March 29, 2016 was initially canceled, then the associations decided to host the soccer match in Portugal.
  • The Belgian federal government came under pressure after Erdoğan's declaration. Justice and Home Affairs ministers offered to resign; Prime Minister Charles Michel did not accept this.
  • After the attacks, it became known that the European Commission had been preparing to establish a security union for several months and had made some proposals in this regard. According to the EU Commission chief Jean-Claude Juncker, the approval of the EU member states , which would be necessary for the establishment, has been pending.

Evacuation of nuclear power plants

In the Belgian nuclear power plants in Tihange and Doel , “all employees who were not absolutely necessary for operation were asked to go home first”, announced the operating company Electrabel (a 100 percent subsidiary of Engie SA). The day before it became known that the two nuclear power plants will be monitored by the Belgian military from now on . Around half of the total of over 2,000 employees are employees of subcontractors. In 2014 it became known that Ilyass Boughalab, who was killed in Syria, a member of the radical Islamic organization Sharia4Belgium and an IS terrorist, had worked for a subcontractor in the most sensitive area of ​​the Doel nuclear power plant from 2009 to 2012. In 2014 there was a sabotage at the Doel nuclear power plant that was never resolved.

The study center for nuclear energy in Mol is under increased surveillance. The Bakraoui brothers used a video camera to investigate the home of the head of the facility. Among other things, it is suspected that radioactive material was supposed to be blackmailed from him for a so-called dirty bomb . The Belgian nuclear research center SCK-CEN is one of the world's largest producers of radioactive isotopes. The video was captured in December 2015 from one of the suspects in the Paris terror series on November 13, 2015 , Mohamed Bakkali.

Expressions of solidarity

Political reactions

The EU heads of state and government issued a joint statement a few hours after the attacks, stressing that the attacks increased the determination with which to defend European values .

In Germany, the Federal Ministry of the Interior ordered mourning flags for all federal authorities on March 23, 2016 .

The heads of state and government of the 28 EU countries pledged their solidarity to Belgium, and the President of the United States Barack Obama , Russian President Vladimir Putin and other heads of state expressed their condolences to the attacks.

Illumination of buildings

Commemoration at the stock exchange in Brussels

In addition to expressions of solidarity of a private nature, some had a public character: All over the world striking buildings were illuminated in the colors of the Belgian flag , including the Eiffel Tower in Paris , the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin , the New Palace in Stuttgart , the City Hall in Lisbon , the Burj Khalifa in Dubai , which was also illuminated with the colors of the European flag , the ADNOC Headquarters in Abu Dhabi , the Royal Palace in Amsterdam , the Nagyerdei Stadium in the Hungarian city ​​of Debrecen , the Senate Building in Mexico City , the Senator's Palace and Trevi Fountain in Rome , of Trafalgar Square and the London Eye in London .

Social networks

There were expressions of solidarity in social networks around the world. Similar to previous attacks, the words “Je suis Bruxelles (I am Brussels)” were shared. On Facebook , people who were in the Brussels area could temporarily mark themselves as “safe” in order to inform friends that they were not harmed themselves.

Immediate memorials

In the days after the attacks, individual spontaneous walls of memory and places were created where flowers were laid and notes were made. There was a commemorative plaque at the Maelbeek metro station and another, larger one, at the stock exchange in the city center. This increasingly became the goal of silent commemoration and remained so for over two months. In addition to countless chalk notes and posters, everyday objects and small cuddly toys were also deposited, and numerous flags were hung on the exchange. Most of this was then cataloged and archived by the City of Brussels.

  • Wall with personal messages in Maelbeek metro station

  • Expressions of mourning at the entrance to the Maalbeek / Maelbeek station, two days after the attack

  • The spontaneous memorial in front of the Brussels Stock Exchange

Official memorials

Central memorial in the Europaviertel in Brussels , on the right the European Foreign Office , in the background the Berlaymont building of the European Commission

As the first official memorial, a monument called "The Flame of Hope" was erected by Mustapha Zoufri on the initiative of Moroccan citizens of the municipality of Molenbeek . However, this happened largely unnoticed by the public and the media and as a reminder of both the terrorist attacks in Brussels and that of Paris on November 13, 2015.

To mark the first anniversary of the attacks, a memorial wall was inaugurated in the reopened subway station in 2016. This was designed by the artist Benoît Van Innis, who also designed the subway station. On the third anniversary of 2018, a memorial list with the names of the sixteen fatalities was unveiled next to it.

The central memorial for both attacks was inaugurated on the first anniversary of 2017, and since then the expressions of mourning have taken place on the anniversaries. It is located in the Europaviertel a good 500 meters away in the Rue de la Loi / Wetstraat next to the seat of the European Foreign Office , between the Rond-Point Robert Schuman / Robert Schumanplein and the Parc du Cinquantenaire / Jubelpark . Following a public invitation to tender, the memorial was designed by Jean-Henri Compere: Two 20 meter long horizontal panels converge and, shortly before they meet, bend upwards, skywards, labeled "Wounded But Still Standing in Front of the Inconceivable" .

Another secluded place of remembrance is a square planted with 32 birch trees in a circle in the Forêt de Soignes / Zoniënwoud on the Drève de l'Infante / Drève de l'Infante in the Brussels municipality of Uccle / Ukkel as a "place of silence and meditation". Inside the birch circle is a circular, round bench made of 32 blocks made of Belgian Pierre bleue (bluish limestone ). The birch trees are separated from the surrounding forest by a small ditch. The family of one victim had suggested planting a tree as a reminder of the victims, whereupon the regional environmental authority created the meditation place based on a design by Bas Smets for the first anniversary. The birches were chosen as a sign of youth and rebirth.

A small memorial site was inaugurated just three months after the attacks in June 2016 in the "Jardin Jean-Félix Hap / Jean-Félix Hap tuin " in the Brussels municipality of Etterbeek , consisting of a black commemorative plaque and a tree.

  • The "Flame of Hope" in Molenbeek Town Hall Square

  • Memorial wall by Benoît van Innis in Maelbeek metro station in Brussels

  • Commemorative list commemorating the 16 people who died in Maelbeek metro station in Brussels

  • Birch circle in the Forêt de Soignes / Zoniënwoud in Brussels as a place of silence and meditation

  • Memorial in the Jean-Félix Hap park in Etterbeek

Others

On March 22, 2017, exactly one year after the attacks in Brussels, the terrorist attack in London took place on March 22, 2017 . An assassin ran over three people on Westminster Bridge in London and stabbed a police officer before he was shot.

See also

Web links

Commons : Terrorist attacks in Brussels on March 22nd, 2016  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikinews: Islamist Terrorist Attack in Belgium  - Message

Individual evidence

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  71. ↑ mildrey: Un mémorial à la mémoire des victimes des attentats de Bruxelles inauguré en Forêt de Soignes . March 28, 2017.
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