Anderlecht
Anderlecht | ||
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State : | Belgium | |
Region : | Brussels capital | |
Province : | ("de-provincialized" since January 1st, 1995) | |
District : | Brussels capital | |
Coordinates : | 50 ° 50 ′ N , 4 ° 18 ′ E | |
Area : | 17.74 km² | |
Residents: | 119,714 (Jan 1, 2019) | |
Population density: | 6,748 inhabitants per km² | |
Post Code: | 1070 | |
Prefix: | 02 | |
Mayor: | Eric Tomas ( PS ) | |
Local government address : |
Raadsplein 1 1070 Anderlecht Place du Conseil 1 1070 Anderlecht |
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Website: | www.anderlecht.be |
Anderlecht (Dutch ɑndərˌlɛxt ; French ɑ̃dɛʁlɛkt ) is a municipality in the bilingual Brussels-Capital region in Belgium . In terms of population, it is the third largest of the 19 municipalities within the Brussels-Capital Region after the core city of Brussels and Schaerbeek / Schaarbeek .
history
The first recorded signs of human settlement on the right bank of the Senne date from the Stone Age and the Bronze Age . In addition, the remains of a Roman villa and a Frankish burial site were found. The first mention of Anderlecht by name comes from the year 1047 under the name Anrelech , then Andrelet (1111), Andreler (1148), and Anderlech (1186). At this time a chapter of the canons and the two patrician families from Aa and from Anderlecht settled there.
In 1356 Louis von Male, Count of Flanders, fought against the city of Brussels in the Battle of Scheut . Although he was able to defeat his stepsister Johanna von Brabant and take over her title for a short time, Johanna regained her title shortly afterwards with the help of Emperor Charles IV . In 1393 Anderlecht became part of Brussels. Around this time the church of St. Guido was rebuilt.
In the 15th and 16th centuries the city of Anderlecht advanced to one of the European cultural centers. In 1521 Erasmus of Rotterdam lived in the city for a few months. Charles, Duke of Aumale and Grand Veneur de France also lived temporarily in Anderlecht.
The 17th and 18th centuries were marked by wars between the Netherlands and France . On November 13, 1792, shortly after the Battle of Jemappes , General Dumouriez and the French army met again with the Habsburg troops in the course of the French Revolutionary Wars near Anderlecht . As a result, Anderlecht was claimed to belong to France.
In the 19th century, Anderlecht was confronted with a significant increase in population, which was mainly due to the rapid growth of nearby Brussels. Considerable urban development measures and garden cities such as Het Rad or Moortenbeek were built at the beginning of the 20th century to cope with the influx of newcomers.
According to newspaper reports, parts of Anderlecht have become taboo zones that the police no longer dare to enter after nightfall.
geography
Anderlecht have grown together structurally with the neighboring municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region. It is located in the southwest of the capital and borders Molenbeek-Saint-Jean / Sint-Jans-Molenbeek , Brussels (on the border is the Anderlecht gate / Anderlechtsepoort ), Saint-Gilles / Sint-Gillis (in the area of the south station) and Forest / Vorst as well as to the Flemish communities of Sint-Pieters-Leeuw and Dilbeek .
The settlements Veeweyde, Aa, Het Rad, Vogelzang, Meylemeersch, Neerpede, Vlasendaal, Bon Air, Broeck, Scherdemaal, Peterbos, Klein Eiland and Scheut belong to Anderlecht .
population
In recent years, the city has been characterized by a high proportion of mainly Turkish , Moroccan , Arab , Albanian and black African immigrants .
Attractions
The community has a medieval center with the Erasmus house and the Gothic church of St. Peter and Guido.
Charleroi-Brussels Canal near Vaartdijk
National memorial for the Jewish victims of Belgium during the German occupation
In addition, various museums can be visited in the vicinity.
- Musée d'Histoire de la Médecine : This museum has a large surgical collection and various anatomical models. In addition to changing solo exhibitions, the permanent exhibitions also offer a lot of information on the history and development of medicine.
- Musée national de la Resistance : This museum serves, among other things, as a memorial in which a lot of information and documents about the time of the Belgian resistance against the German Nazi regime can be found.
- Musée Maison de Maurice Carême : This museum dedicated to the writer Maurice Carême has, among other things, an archive and a library about his work and life. Above that, works of art by Felix De Böck, Luc De Decker, Marcel Delmotte, Paul Delvaux, Jules Lismonde, Léon Navez and Roger Somville can be viewed.
Economy and Infrastructure
The Hôpital Erasme as the medical faculty of the Université libre de Bruxelles and the Westland shopping center are each among the largest in Brussels. The headquarters of the Delhaize Group and the chocolate manufacturer Leonidas are located in Anderlecht .
traffic
The Brussels subway line 5 connects Anderlecht with the stations Jacques Brel , Aumale , Sint-Guido / Saint-Guidon (in the center of the municipality), Veeweide / Veeweyde , Bizet , Het Rad / La Roue , COOVI / CERIA , Eddy Merckx and Erasmus / Erasme . The common route of lines 2 and 6 with the stations Clemenceau and Delacroix leads through the Anderlecht municipality.
Tram line 56 runs through the center of Anderlecht, lines 20 and 83 through the north.
The Brussels motorway ring ( R0 ) and the Charleroi-Brussels canal also run through Anderlecht .
Sports
Anderlecht is the home of the most successful Belgian soccer club RSC Anderlecht . The venue is the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium in Astridpark.
Town twinning
Anderlecht has twinned cities with the following European cities:
- Neukoelln district of Berlin , Germany, since June 17, 1955
- Hammersmith and Fulham , London, United Kingdom, since 1955
- Boulogne-Billancourt , France, since 1955
- Zaandam , the Netherlands, since 1955
- Marino , Italy, since 1976
In addition, there has been a friendship pact with Sainte-Maxime in France since 2000 .
sons and daughters of the town
- Guido von Anderlecht († 1012), Anderlecht's patron saint
- Philippe Thys (1890–1971), racing cyclist and first three-time winner of the Tour de France
- Germaine Schneider (1903–1945), Belgian-Swiss resistance fighter
- Fernand Dineur (1904–1956), comic book artist
- Constant Vanden Stock (1914–2008), entrepreneur, football player and official
- Désiré Keteleer (1920–1970), racing cyclist
- Paul Lanneau (1925–2017), Roman Catholic clergyman, auxiliary bishop in Mechelen
- Régine (* 1929), chanson singer, actress and nightclub entrepreneur
- William Vance (1935–2018), comic book artist
- Tonia (* 1947), singer
- Henri Seroka (* 1949), composer
- Filip Peeters (born 1962), actor
- Ivan Paduart (* 1966), jazz pianist, keyboardist and composer
- John M'Bumba (born 1983), French boxer
- Gil Suray (* 1984), racing cyclist
- Anthony Vanden Borre (born 1987), football player
- Abdelhamid Abaaoud (1987-2015), Belgian Islamist terrorist of Moroccan origin
- Elisabeth of Belgium , Duchess of Brabant (* 2001), eldest child of the Belgian King Philippe; Heir to the throne
Web links
- Website of the municipality of Anderlecht (Dutch, French)
Individual evidence
- ↑ in the world about Anderlecht's crime scene
- ^ Museums in Anderlecht. Retrieved June 18, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento from May 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive )