Great thing
The Großache is a 79 km long river that flows through the Leukental in the east of the Austrian state of Tyrol and the southern part of the Bavarian Chiemgau known as the Achental . In its course, the river bears five different names one after the other: Above Kitzbühel Jochberger Ache , from Kitzbühel to St. Johann in Tirol Kitzbüheler Ache , in the middle course Großache and from the Talenge near Erpfendorf also Kössener Ache , where Großache is the overall name of the river in the Austrian part ( Leukental), in the German lower reaches the name Tiroler Achen applies . It rises at the Thurn Pass in the Salzburg region, reaches the Tyrolean border after 400 m, the German border after 55 km and flows 24 km further at Grabenstätt into the Chiemsee .
particularities
The Großache is not the only river whose name changes on the border between two countries with the same language. For the Austrian name there is also the subsidiary form Große Ache , for the Bavarian name the subsidiary form Tiroler Ache . The official spelling in Bavaria Tiroler Achen is not plural, but is a peculiarity of the Bavarian language , and also feminine. The name Kössener Ache is also used. White water canoes also know the name St. Johannser Ache for a certain stretch of the route. It is also noteworthy that the river in the Austrian part has a different name than the valley it flows through, which is why the name " Großachental " was often mistakenly used in the past for the Leukental .
In numerous, even serious publications, the Austrian part of the river is mistakenly given a length of 48 km and in some maps the Salzburg beginning of the river is omitted. In the official Austrian map 1: 200,000, the Trattenbach is shown as the uppermost section of the river, which is longer and probably also richer in water than the nominal uppermost section of the river.
River course
The nominal origin of the Jochberger Ache lies at 1270 m above sea level on the Thurn Pass . A few of the first tributaries are longer and richer in water. The most important is the Trattenbach; This comes as a trickle from a Hochkar at around 1900 m above sea level between the two-thousand-meter peak and the Rossgruberkogel south of the Kleiner Rettenstein and is fed by several sources before the confluence with the Jochberger Ache.
The southern area of the Leukental near Jochberg , Aurach and Kitzbühel is surrounded by the Kitzbühel Alps . The peaks at the ends of the side valleys have heights of up to 2363 m above sea level ( Geißstein ), around Kitzbühel less than 2000 m.
The Großache forms the eastern boundary of the Kaiser Mountains . The Reither Ache and the Fieberbrunner Ache flow into the basin of St. Johann in Tirol . To the north, in the Leukental, are the villages of Kirchdorf in Tirol and Erpfendorf as well as Kössen , where the Kaiserwinkl , an east-west valley open to the Inn valley, joins the Leukental. Before Schleching , the river breaks through the Chiemgau Alps in a narrow gorge, the Entenloch . In Grassau the Tiroler Achen reached the foothills of the Alps .
Over the Chiemsee and the Alz it belongs to the right side of the river system of the Inn and thus that of the Danube , which flows into the Black Sea . Its most important tributaries are after the Fieberbrunner Ache with its tributaries and the Reither Ache , which rises in the Spertental near Aschau (municipality of Kirchberg ) and with the Goinger Hausbach and the Rettenbach also drains the southern side of the Kaisergebirge, shortly before Kössen the Schwarzlofer von Reit im Winkl and in Kössen the Kohlenbach with the Weißenbach from Walchsee .
Hydraulic engineering and nature conservation
The increasing settlement of the Leuken and Achental, the lower Ache valley, since the 1960s has resulted in a heavy pollution of the Tyrolean Achen and thus also of the Chiemsee with sewage. In the 1970s, the grade was classified as critical. Only through the increased canalization of the neighboring communities and the creation of modern sewage treatment plants, etc. a. in Kössen and Grassau ( Achental sewage treatment plant of the German Achental communities since 1977), the pollution of the waters could be significantly reduced.
The delta of the mouth of the Chiemsee is designated as a nature reserve.
In the years 1996 to 2001 the Großache in the Kirchdorf in Tirol area was renatured as part of the Kirchdorf flood protection project by giving it more drainage space by deepening the bottom and widening the banks. In order to ensure safety even in the event of 100-year flood events, the river bed was lowered by 1.8 m over a length of 6.5 km, and the river cross-section was widened to an average of 60-100 m. In the area around the river, 20 hectares were made available for flood retention. In addition to flood protection , this innovative strategy also brings additional benefits in matters of nature conservation and recreation.
Various wastewater associations , such as the Reither Ache wastewater association , were founded to treat wastewater in the Großache catchment area .
Trivia
The Achen street in Vienna is named after the Großache since 1,953th
Web links
- Wastewater Association Achental
- Tiroler Ache ( Memento from July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ^ Deutsches Gewässerkundliches Jahrbuch Danube region 2006 Bavarian State Office for the Environment, p. 246, accessed on October 4, 2017, at: bestellen.bayern.de (PDF, German, 24.2 MB).
- ↑ Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management ( Memento from July 6th, 2011 in the Internet Archive ): Großache - Flood security in harmony with nature : "The confluence of the Fieberbrunner Ache in the Großache"
- ↑ Kitzbühel circular hiking trail , see stage 5: Source of the Großache at Pass Thurn
- ↑ Siegfried Siegele, AVT ZT.-GmbH (ed.): The presentations of those responsible for the Semi-natural flood protection project Grossache Kirchdorf . Safety and nature symposium on September 23, 1999 in Kirchdorf in Tirol. St. Johann in Tirol 1999 ( PDF (980 kB) [accessed on July 20, 2013]). PDF ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Flood Protection in Austria, 2nd edition 2006. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Ministry of Life VII / 5, archived from the original on April 30, 2016 ; accessed on April 30, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
