Venusberg (Bonn)

Venusberg Federal city of Bonn Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 12 "  N , 7 ° 5 ′ 47"  E
Height :	169 m above sea level NHN
Residents :	2091  (Dec. 31, 2018)
Postal code :	53127
Area code :	0228
Location of the Venusberg district in the Bonn district

Transmission mast on the Venusberg

Venusberg is both the name of a west of the Rhine up to 171  m above sea level. NHN high plateau in the federal city of Bonn , the center of which is about 60  m above sea level, as well as the name of the Bonn district located on it in the city ​​district of Bonn .

history

The name Venusberg is etymologically derived from Fenn- Berg, as it is a former raised bog area. At the time of the Second World War , in addition to a few civilian buildings, there were mainly extensive barracks and ammunition stores in the adjacent Kottenforst . The fortifications for the old barracks inscription are still preserved in the old main portal. The barracks were used as the Bonn University Hospital in the post-war period and have been gradually replaced by modern buildings since 2003. The main research areas of the medical faculty are genetics, immunology, hepatology, cardiovascular sciences and neurosciences. The old water tower, visible from afar, on the campus of the university clinics, which today houses the administration, is worth mentioning.

Due to the clinic, the adjacent district of Venusberg, which covers 4 km² and has around 2200 inhabitants, grew rapidly. There are settlements that were built between 1950 and 1960 as part of social housing for displaced people , as well as numerous villas. Venusberg is a preferred residential area in which u. a. Heinrich Lübke , Walter Scheel , Ludwig Erhard , Willy Brandt and Herbert Wehner lived. The Villa Kiefernweg 12 served as the official residence of many leaders and as a guest of the Foreign Ministry. In the Venusberg district you will find the Protestant Church of the Resurrection , the Catholic Holy Spirit Church, a youth hostel, the sports center of the University of Bonn and several restaurants. The district goes directly into the Kottenforst , where, in addition to the “Waldau” excursion restaurant, there is a natural history museum, a children's playground and a wildlife enclosure for wild boar, red deer and fallow deer.

The southern foothills of the Venusberg are formed by the Waldau used as a local recreation area . In the north is the former Kaiser Park, now overgrown again and part of the Bonn city forest. The Kaiser Wilhelm monument from 1897 is located here. To the north, the nature-protected Melbtal with the continuous Melbbach , the historic Melbbrücke and Gut Melb , which is now used by the university's agricultural faculty, belong to the district .

geology

The bottom of the Venusberg is made up of Devonian rocks from the Siegen layers, which are discordantly overlaid by tertiary clays and sands. The Siegen layers consist of light to dark brown clay stones and light gray to white sandstones. The mudstones are relatively rich in fossils. Above all, there are psilophyte chaff, early land plants.

Layers of lignite , which belong to the Cologne layers, are incorporated into the tertiary sediments . The tertiary layers bear witness to the uplift of the Eifel and the sinking of the Lower Rhine Bay , as they belong to the Cologne layers. Pleistocene terrace sediments, loess and loess loam, some of which are heavily decalcified, lie on the Tertiary .

Due to the geological structure, the part of the Melbe valley tends to slide into landslides . A series of landslides in areas from 300 m² to 8000 m² could be determined. These are particularly favored by the lignite layers, which have a higher permeability and lower shear strength than the lying clays.

Transmission mast

On the Venusberg a 1984 erected, 180 meters high and insulated against ground is even more radiant transmission tower of the WDR for the distribution of radio programs in the VHF range and to broadcast television programs . The Bonn-Venusberg transmitter is the tallest building in Bonn and can be seen from afar due to its height and location on the mountain.

Excavations

Since 2015, excavations by archaeologists from the Office for Land Monument Preservation at the Rhineland Regional Council have been taking place on the Venusberg, which produced a Neolithic rampart , which is the oldest evidence of the use of the site by arable farmers in the Bonn city area. The Wall-Graben-Anlage encloses an approximately 15 hectare large area directly next to the Robert-Koch-Straße. Radiocarbon examinations date the charcoal remains found to around 4,100 years before Christ. This makes the facility the only structural testimony to the Michelsberg culture in North Rhine-Westphalia to date .

Venusberg, general view from the south

See also

• List of architectural monuments in the Venusberg district of Bonn

Web links

Commons : Venusberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Venusberg district ( Memento from March 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population in Bonn by districts (according to the main statute) on December 31 , 2018 , Federal City of Bonn - Statistics Office, February 2019
2. ↑ Hardenbicker, U., landslides in the Bonn area - natural spatial classification and its anthropogenic causes , in: Works on Rheinische Landeskunde , Volume 64, dissertation, University of Bonn, 1994; Heidemann, T., Geological and soil mechanical investigations on selected landslides in the Bonn area , diploma thesis, University of Bonn, 1996 .; Schmidt, J., The role of mass movements for slope evolution-conceptual approaches and model applications in the Bonn area , dissertation, University of Bonn, 2001