Wendlandia

Wendlandia
	Wendlandia heynei
Systematics
	Euasterids I
Order :	Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family :	Red family (Rubiaceae)
Subfamily :	Ixoroideae
Tribe :	Augusteae
Genre :	Wendlandia
Scientific name
	Wendlandia
	Bartl. ex DC.

Wendlandia is a genus within the family of the redness plants (Rubiaceae). The 80 to 90 species are mainly found in tropical and subtropical areas in Asia .

description

Illustration from atlas of the tree species of Java, figure 510 from Wendlandia glabrata

Illustration of Wendlandia luzoniensis

Appearance and leaves

Wendlandia species are evergreen, woody plants that grow as shrubs or small trees . You are unarmed. The branches are sometimes a little flattened.

The leaves, which are mostly opposite or rarely in threes in whorls , are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalks can sometimes be very short, then the leaves are almost sessile. They usually do not have any domatia . The base of the petioles is articulated. The simple leaf blades are usually ovate or elongated. The leaf margins are seldom serrated and the veins are seldom noticeable on the underside of the leaf. The durable to early falling as a whole or by fragmentation of stipules are triangular or foliage leaf-like, upright and flat to or folded longitudinally to spread back curved with all or sometimes two-part upper end.

Inflorescences and flowers

The terminal, zymous , thyrsoid or umbrella-like inflorescences usually contain many flowers. There may be inflorescence stems. There are two to three bracts in one inflorescence . There may be flower stalks. Usually the flowers of a specimen or even a population seem to open at the same time.

The hermaphroditic flowers, which are strong in some species and somewhat fragrant in most, are zygomorphic and rarely four, mostly five-fold with a double flower envelope . The durable flower cup (hypanthium) is relatively small and almost spherical. The rarely four, mostly five almost identical sepals are fused and the calyx ends with four or five recognizable, oblong, blunt calyx teeth. The petals are often white, whitish to yellow or red, pink to purple in color. The rarely four, usually five petals are fused together in the shape of a tube, funnel, plate or short bell. The corolla tube is hairy or hairy on the inside and often curved back in the upper area in anthesis . The rarely four, mostly five corolla lobes overlap like a roof tile in the flower bud and are strongly curved back downwards during the anthesis. There are rarely four, usually five stamens ; they are about the same length as the crown or they protrude beyond it. The short to well-developed stamens are inserted near the throat of the crown. The two- or rarely insulated draft tube ovary contains many ovules on a shield-shaped or small spherical placenta. The thin style usually ends in a club-shaped, two-column or two-part scar that protrudes over the crown (in Wendlandia pendula the scar is outlined).

Fruits and seeds

The more or less spherical capsule fruits are surrounded by the durable sepals and contain many seeds. The parchment-like or woody, usually double, rarely triple, capsule fruits usually open loculicidally at the top with two fruit valves and rarely split septicidally afterwards. The relatively small seeds are horizontally flattened with a membranous, network-like grooved seed coat (testa) and a fleshy endosperm . The seeds sometimes have narrow, barely recognizable wings.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic number of chromosomes in the few species examined is usually x = 11; there is diploidy , i.e. 2n = 22. In Wendlandia notoniana, the basic number of chromosomes is x = 12.

Systematics and distribution

Wendlandia formosana

Trunk with bark, leaves and inflorescences of Wendlandia heynei

Inflorescence of Wendlandia thyrsoidea

Detail of an inflorescence with flowers from Wendlandia thyrsoidea

The genus Wendlandia was established in 1830 by Friedrich Gottlieb Bartling in Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle : Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , Volume 4, p. 411. Wendlandia Bartl. ex DC. nom. cons. is conserved according to the rules of the ICBN (Vienna ICBN Art. 14.10 & App. III) compared to the homonym previously published by Carl Ludwig von Willdenow in Species Plantarum , 2nd edition, 6, 1799, p. 275 (Vienna ICBN Art. 53) Wendlandia Willd. nom. rej. The generic name Wendlandia honors the gardener and botanist Heinrich Ludolph Wendland (1792 - 1869) and possibly also his father Johann Christoph Wendland (1755 - 1828). Synonyms for Wendlandia Bartl. ex DC. are: Cattutella Rchb. , Katoutheka Adans. , Sestinia Boiss. & High.

The genus wendlandia belongs to the tribe Augusteae in the subfamily Ixoroideae within the family of Rubiaceae .

The genus Wendlandia is mainly found in tropical and subtropical areas in Asia, some species are common in the Pacific region. There are 31 species in China, 21 of which are only there.

There are around 82 to over 90 Wendlandia species:

Wendlandia aberrans F.C. How : This endemic thrives in forests on slopes of hills at altitudes of 900 to 1200 meters only in Napo County in the autonomous region of Guangxi.
Wendlandia acuminata Cowan : It occurs in Vietnam .
Wendlandia amocana Cowan : It occurs in Bangladesh .
Wendlandia andamanica Cowan : It occurs only on the Andamans .
Wendlandia angustifolia Wight ex Hook. f. : This extinct species was native to India in the Western Ghats and near Tirunelveli.
Wendlandia appendiculata Wall. ex Hook. f. : This endemic occurs only in Nepal .
Wendlandia arabica Deflers : There are two subspecies. They occur in Ethiopia , Somalia and Yemen .
Wendlandia arborescens Cowan : It occurs on the Malay Peninsula .
Wendlandia augustini Cowan : This endemic thrives in forests on mountains at altitudes of around 1300 meters only in Simao in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia basistaminea F. Muell. : It only occurs in Queensland .
Wendlandia bicuspidata Wight & Arn. : It occurs in India and Sri Lanka .
Wendlandia bouvardioides Hutch. : It thrives in thickets or in forests on mountain slopes, in valleys or along rivers at altitudes of 1200 to 1800 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan .
Wendlandia brachyantha Merr. : This endemic occurs only on Luzon .
Wendlandia brevipaniculata W.C.Chen : This endemic thrives in forests at altitudes of 200 to 300 meters only in Jingdong in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia brevituba Chun & FCHow ex WCChen : It thrives in forests in valleys at altitudes of 100 to 900 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi .
Wendlandia buddleacea F. Muell. : It occurs in Papua New Guinea .
Wendlandia burkillii Cowan : It occurs from Myanmar , the Malay Peninsula and the Lesser Sunda Islands .
Wendlandia cambodiana Pit. : It occurs in Cambodia .
Wendlandia cavaleriei H.Lév. (Syn .: Wendlandia feddei H.Lév. ): It thrives in thickets or in forests on hills at altitudes of 200 to 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi (only in Tianyang ) and Guizhou.
Wendlandia connata C.T.White : It is only found in Queensland.
Wendlandia coriacea (Wall.) DC. : It occurs only in Nepal and in Darjiling ,India.
Wendlandia dasythyrsa Miq. (Syn .: Wendlandia rufescens Miq. , Wendlandia trichantha Miq. , Wendlandia densiflora var. Trichantha (Miq.) Miq. ): It occurs in Malesia .
Wendlandia densiflora (flower) DC. : It occurs in western Malesia.
Wendlandia erythroxylon Cowan : It thrives in forests on hills at low altitudes only in Taiwan .
Wendlandia ferruginea Pierre ex Pit. : It occurs in Vietnam.
Wendlandia formosana Cowan : It occurs in two subspecies, the distribution of which is limited to Vietnam , the Ryūkyū Islands , Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong , Guangxi and Yunnan.
Wendlandia fulva Cowan : This endemic occurs only on Java .
Wendlandia gamblei Cowan : It occurs in southern India.
Wendlandia glabrata DC. : The two varieties occur from Vietnam to Malesia.
Wendlandia glomerulata In short : It occurs in southern Myanmar.
Wendlandia grandis (Hook. F.) Cowan (Syn .: Wendlandia tinctoria var. Grandis Hook. F. , Wendlandia budleioides Wall. Ex Wight & Arn. ): It is in the Himalayas in India, Bangladesh , Bhutan , Nepal , Myanmar and Mêdog common in Tibet.
Wendlandia guangdongensis W.C.Chen : It thrives at altitudes of 100 to 800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Hainan .
Wendlandia heyneana Wall. ex Wight & Arn. : It occurs in southern India and Bangladesh.
Wendlandia heynei (Schult.) Santapau & Merchant (Syn .: Rondeletia heynei Schult. , Rondeletia orissensis Roth , Rondeletia thyrsiflora Roth , Rondeletia cinerea Wall. , Rondeletia exserta Roxb. Non Blanco , wendlandia cinerea DC. , Wendlandia exserta (Roxb.) DC . ): It iswidespreadon the Indian subcontinent in Punjab , Kashmir , Nepal , Sikkim and India.
Wendlandia inclusa C.T.White : It is only found in Queensland.
Wendlandia jingdongensis W.C.Chen : This endemic thrives in forests on mountains at altitudes of around 1700 meters only in Jingdong in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia junghuhniana Miq. : This endemic only occurs on Java.
Wendlandia lauterbachii Valeton : It occurs in Papua New Guinea.
Wendlandia laxa S.K.Wu ex WCChen : This endemic thrives in mixed forests at altitudes of 500 to 1000 meters only in Jingdong in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia ligustrina Wall. ex G.Don : It occurs in Myanmar and the Chinese provinces of Yunnan as well as in Guizhou only in Qinglong .
Wendlandia ligustroides (Boiss. & Hohen.) Blakelock : It occurs from southeastern Turkey to northwestern Iraq .
Wendlandia litseifolia F.C. How : This endemic thrives in forests on mountains or hills at altitudes of around 800 meters only in Tianlin in the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi.
Wendlandia longidens (Hance) Hutch. (Syn .: Wendlandia henryi Oliv. ): It thrives in the thicket of flowing waters and on mountain slopes at altitudes from 0 to 1800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou (only Chishui ), Hubei (only Yichang), Sichuan and Yunnan.
Wendlandia longipedicellata F.C. How : This endemic thrives in forests on mountains at altitudes of around 1600 meters only in Luxi in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia luzoniensis DC. : The two varieties are found in Vietnam and Taiwan only in Taidong and the Philippines .
Wendlandia merrilliana Cowan : The two varieties thrive at altitudes of 400 to 1400 meters only in the Chinese province of Hainan .
Wendlandia myriantha F.C. How : This endemic thrives in forests in ravines at altitudes of around 300 meters only in Shangsi in the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi.
Wendlandia nervosa Merr. : This endemic occurs only on Luzon.
Wendlandia nitens Wall. ex G.Don : It occurs in Myanmar.
Wendlandia nobilis Geddes : It occurs in Thailand .
Wendlandia oligantha W.C.Chen : It thrives on rocks in forests or in thickets in valleys at altitudes of 300 to 1000 meters in the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi.
Wendlandia ovata Merr. : It occurs only in the western part of the island of Sumatra .
Wendlandia paedicalyx Pit. : It occurs in Vietnam.
Wendlandia paniculata (Roxb.) DC. : It occurs from Bangladesh to Indochina and from Malesia to New Guinea .
Wendlandia parviflora W.C.Chen : This endemic thrives in forests in the plains only in Mengla in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia pendula (Wall.) DC. : It is common in the Himalayas in India, Nepal, Bhutan , Myanmar and Yunnan.
Wendlandia philippinensis Cowan : This endemic occurs only on Luzon.
Wendlandia pingpienensis F.C.How : It grows in forests or thickets in valleys at altitudes from 200 to 1500 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia proxima (D.Don) DC. : It only occurs in Nepal.
Wendlandia psychotrioides (F.Muell.) F.Muell. : It only occurs in Queensland.
Wendlandia puberula DC. : It occurs on the Indian subcontinent in Pakistan only in Hazara , in Kashmir and in India in Chamba , Kangra and Garhwal .
Wendlandia pubigera W.C.Chen : This endemic thrives in dense forests only in Shangsi in the Chinese autonomous region of Guangxi.
Wendlandia salicifolia Franch. : It is common in Laos, Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi ( Donglan only), Guizhou ( Guanling only) and Yunnan.
Wendlandia scabra In short : the four varieties are distributed in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
Wendlandia sericea W.C. Chen : It occurs in Laos .
Wendlandia sibuyanensis Cowan : It occurs in the Philippines.
Wendlandia sikkimensis Cowan : This endemic occurs only in the Indian district of Darjeeling .
Wendlandia speciosa Cowan (Syn .: Wendlandia speciosa var. Forrestii Cowan ): It is distributed in the Himalayas in India, Bhutan and Mêdog in Tibet and Yunnan.
Wendlandia subalpina W.W.Sm. : It thrives in open locations or in the thicket on mountain slopes at altitudes of 1,800 to 3,100 meters in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia syringoides (Cowan) Cowan : This endemic occurs on Luzon.
Wendlandia ternifolia Cowan : It occurs in Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia.
Wendlandia teysmanniana Miq. : It occurs in Sumatra.
Wendlandia thorelii Pit. : It occurs in Laos and Vietnam.
Wendlandia thyrsoidea (Roth) Steud. : It occurs in India.
Wendlandia tinctoria (Roxb.) DC. : The nine subspecies are distributed in India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces of Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan.
Wendlandia tombuyukonensis Suzana, JTPereira & Sugau : It wasfirst describedfrom Sabah in 2008.
Wendlandia tonkiniana Pit. : It occurs in Vietnam.
Wendlandia urceolata C.T.White : It is only found in Queensland.
Wendlandia uvariifolia Hance : The four subspecies occur in Vietnam, Taiwan and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan and Yunnan.
Wendlandia villosa W.C.Chen : It thrives in forests in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
Wendlandia wallichii Wight & Arn. : The two varieties occur from the eastern Himalayas to Bangladesh.
Wendlandia warburgii Merr. : It only occurs on Luzon.

swell

Tao Chen, Charlotte M. Taylor: Wendlandia , p. 354 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, February 28, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 . (Sections Description and Distribution)
S. Nazimuddin, Mohammad Qaiser: Flora of Pakistan , Volume 190, Rubiaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi, 1989: Wendlandia online at Tropicos.org of the Missouri Botanical Garden. (Section description)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Tao Chen, Charlotte M. Taylor: Wendlandia , p. 354 - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, February 28, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f S. Nazimuddin, Mohammad Qaiser: Flora of Pakistan , Volume 190, Rubiaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi, 1989: Wendlandia online at Tropicos.org of the Missouri Botanical Garden.
↑ Wendlandia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
↑ Wendlandia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 27, 2013.
^ ^A ^b ^c Wendlandia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Wendlandia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 18, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Wendlandia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj Tao Chen, Charlotte M. Taylor: Wendlandia , p. 354 - Same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of China Editorial Committee: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, February 28, 2011, ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 .

[FoP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f S. Nazimuddin, Mohammad Qaiser: Flora of Pakistan , Volume 190, Rubiaceae. University of Karachi, Department of Botany, Karachi, 1989: Wendlandia online at Tropicos.org of the Missouri Botanical Garden.

[IPCN-3] Wendlandia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

[biodiversitylibrary-4] First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

[Tropicos-5] Wendlandia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 27, 2013.

[GRIN-6] A ^b ^c Wendlandia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 27, 2013.

[Burkhardt2018-7] Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]

[WCSP-8] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Wendlandia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 18, 2017.