Wing Chun

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Wing Chun (disambiguation) .

Wing Chun - 詠 春
Wing Chun School - 溫 鑑 良 實用 詠春拳 館 - Nathan Road , Hong Kong 2009
Chinese name
Long characters	詠 春
Abbreviation	咏 春
Pinyin	yǒngchūn
Wade-Giles	yung-ts'un
Jyutping	wing 6 ceon 1
Cantonese	wing chun
Alternative name
Long characters	詠春拳
Abbreviation	咏春拳
Pinyin	yǒngchūnquán
Wade-Giles	yung-ts'un-ch'üan
Jyutping	wing 6 ceon 1 kyun 4
Cantonese	wing chun kuen
Wing Chun lettering in abbreviations

Wing Chun ( Chinese  詠 春  /  咏 春  - "Ode to Spring") is a ( southern ) Chinese Kung Fu style that was probably created in the early 19th century - often referred to as a martial art in the West . It is sometimes due to the homophony ortographic also with the characters 永春 , yǒngchūn , Jyutping wing ⁵ Ceon ¹ , Cantonese  chun wing  - "eternal spring" confused, see Weng Chun . Wing Chun is one of the youngest styles of Kung Fu.

Name and brand

The Romanized name of the martial art comes from Cantonese, which is why there is still no regulated standard translation of the term. For trademark and economic reasons, and in order to differentiate oneself from other schools and associations, numerous spellings have emerged, such as Wing Tsun - later WingTsun ( WT ), Wing Tsung , Wing Tsjun , Wing Tjuen , Wing Tzun , Wing Tzung , Wing Chung , Wing Shun , Wing Zun , Wyng Tjun , Ving Tsun ( VT ), Ving Chun ( VC ), Dynamic Ving Tshun ( DVT ). In Pinyin , the officially used transcription system of Standard Chinese (Standard Chinese ), the characters are transcribed as Yǒngchūn . The individual transcriptions partly represent derivatives of larger associations and partly completely different sub-styles that only have superficial similarities. All Wing Chun styles are written in Chinese with the same characters " 詠 春  /  咏 春 ". The same characters are ultimately the first name of Yim Wing Chun - 嚴詠春  /  严咏春 , Yán Yǒngchūn , a student of Abbess Ng Mui - 五 枚 大師  /  五 枚 大师 , Wǔméi Dàshī , Cantonese 五 枚 師太  /  五 枚 师太 , Wǔméi Shītài .

history

Origin of Wing Chun

The earliest written records of Wing Chun date back to 1854 , as evidenced by script research by the Foshan Museum and the Chin Woo Athletics Association of Foshan .

Today's modern or popular Wing Chun with its characteristic six forms and the “Chi-Sao exercise” ^A or “Poon-Sao exercise” ^B is based on current knowledge on the studies of the teachers around Yuen Kay Shan ^C and Yip Man back.

According to the oral tradition of Grand Master Yip Man and other sources, the traditional Wing Chun goes back to the lost South Shaolin monastery in the Chinese province of Fujian , which was destroyed by the Qing troops towards the end of the Ming dynasty . The last Buddhist representatives of traditional Wing Chun were the Southern Shaolin Abbot Chi Sim and the Abbess Ng Mui, who fled and then passed the Wing Chun system on to Yim Wing Chun. The Wing Chun monk line from southern Shaolin went under with the destruction of the monastery. Chi Sim and Ng Mui were among the legendary personalities of the "Five Elders of Shaolin " who are said to have lived during the reign of Qianlong (1735–1796).

Recent history

The most famous styles of Wing Chun today go back to the martial artist Yip Man (1893–1972). Historically, the first Wing Chun association after Yip Man is the official Ving Tsun Athletic Association (VTAA), which was founded in 1967 by Yip Man and seven of his students at the time. The seat or the main office of the Association VTAA is since that time on the Nullah Road - 水渠道 - near the main artery Nathan Road on the peninsula Kowloon , Hong Kong. At this time, the first public demonstration of the Wing Chun fighting system according to Yip Man took place in Hong Kong in an official exhibition fight in the winter of 1969 in what was then the Baptist College - now the Hong Kong Baptist University . Leung Ting , a student of Yip Man, invited his master and several well-known representatives of the martial arts scene of that time to the college and conducted the exhibition matches in front of the specialist audience.

Styles ¹

Yip Man (Ip Man) - 葉 問

Lo Man Kam Wing Chun Association Europe

The most famous Wing Chun styles is the Yip-Man-Style ( English Ip Man Style ), whose main line is represented today by his sons Yip Chun and Yip Ching (also Ip Chun and Ip Ching) and students of the Ving Tsun Athletic Association (VTAA) become. The following are important sub-styles of the Yip-Man style due to their worldwide distribution:

• "Wing Tsun" (today "WingTsun") according to Leung Ting, which, according to its own account, also used the verified results of its fighting experience and those of its students and other Wing Chun fighters in Kung Fu competitions. These methods were later combined to form the new, worldwide teaching system of the IWTMAA (today's IWTA, International Wing Tsun Association ) and the different spelling was chosen in order to make the clear difference in content compared to the Yip-Man style clear.
• Wing Chun after Lo Man Kam , officially Lo Man Kam Wing Chun , the third student and nephew of Yip Man. He received lessons in the martial art of Wing Chun for 10 years at his uncle's school. In 1974 he opened his own school in Taipei, becoming the first to teach this martial art in Taiwan. In the same year the first two foreign students came to be instructed in martial arts by Sifu (master) Lo Man Kam. In the following years other students came to learn Wing Chun with him, among others from France, Switzerland, Germany, South Africa, England, Belgium, Italy and America.

Other well-known styles are:

• Yuen Kay Shan style
• Pan-nam style
• Yiu Choi Style (Yiu Kay Style)

The lesser known styles include:

• Pao Fa Lien style
• Yuen Chai Wan Style (Nguyen Te Cong Style)
• Yip-Kin style

There are also some other sub or hybrid styles of these styles . The most extensive documentation is currently available on the Yip-Man style and the Pan-Nam style .

Principle and technology ¹

The basic status

The typical basic stand or the main position in all Chinese martial arts is the Mabou ^E - 馬步  /  马步 , English horse stance . In Wing Chun it is especially the Yeejee Kimyeung Ma ^F - 二字 拑 羊馬  /  二字 拑 羊马 . In " Leung Ting-WingTsun " it is known as "IRAS". In this stand the forms are performed or Chi-Sao exercises are trained. It also forms the basis for advanced techniques.

techniques

Arms - 兵器

Long stick - 棍 , more precisely 六點 半 棍²

Double knife - 雙刀 , more precisely 蝴蝶 雙刀

A typical element of some Wing Chun styles is the chain punch . Depending on the part of the body attacked and the intention of the fighter, punches, finger stabs, hand edge blows or hammer fists are used for blows.

The strength of the opponent is neutralized by step techniques such as turns and used against him (simultaneity of attack and defense) - the attack is the defense. A blow from the opponent is blocked by a counter-attack, for example.

The style is further characterized by its kick work, which includes very few basic kicks and which generally only attacks low targets up to about the height of the hip.

weapons

Wing Chun was originally a martial art without weapons.

In the early 19th century , Wong Wah Bo - pupil of Leung Bok Chow, husband of the style founder Yim Wing Chun - and Leung Yee Tai - pupil of the southern Shaolin abbot Chi Sim on the "Red Junk " ^G - more precisely the Red Junk Canton Opera Company - 紅 船 戲班  /  红 船 戏班 - the Kung Fu style around two forms of weapon:

• Long stick - more precisely "six and a half point long stick" - Luk Dim Bun Gwan ^H , 六點 半 棍  /  六点 半 棍 , English six and a half point pole
• Double knife - more precisely " butterfly double knife " - Wu Dip Seung Do ^I , 蝴蝶 雙刀  /  蝴蝶 双刀 , English Butterfly Swords

The exercises and forms were adapted to the principles of Wing Chun.

No historical documents have survived. Wong Wah Bo is mentioned in many other genesis legends of other styles (e.g. Hung Kuen ). Its existence is neither proven nor refuted. He plays a key role in almost all Wing Chun legends.

to form

Exercise - 練習

Training device Muk Yan Jong - 木人 樁

Chi Sao exercise - 黐 手

The first basics of Wing Chun are mostly learned and practiced in short forms ( San Sao ^J ) or long forms ( To Lo ^K ). Shapes are set sequences of techniques that each student performs individually. The forms of Wing Chun are - see also Japanese Kata - Japanese か た , Kanji 形 , 型 - or the Korean Hyeong - kor. 형 , Hanja 形 - to be understood as a “notebook” to convey theories and techniques and not as a ritualized fight against imaginary opponents. The order, number and type of forms are often very different in the various Wing Chun styles. In some Wing Chun styles fewer than the six most popular forms listed below are practiced, in others more or entirely different forms are taught.

The most popular forms are:

• Siu Nim Tau / Siu Lim Tao ^L - 小 念頭  /  小 念头  - "small idea" - roughly an initial thought, basic idea. The Siu nim tau form (“small idea form”) is the first form in the Wing Chun system. Here you learn different basics in attack and defense in 8 steps (often referred to as "sentences"). The Siu nim tau is carried out in the basic stand. Footwork and twists are (usually) not yet available.

• Chum Kiu / Cham Kiu ^M - 尋 橋  /  寻 桥  - " Finding a bridge, looking for a bridge" - that is, finding a "bridge" to keep the opponent at a distance and to block it or a way to the techniques of the Find opponents to attack. The Cham Kiu form (“bridge search form”) mainly includes defensive techniques as well as techniques for keeping distance and bridging distance to the opponent. In this form, steps, turns and kicks are added.

• Biu Ji / Bju Tse ^N - 鏢 指  /  镖 指  - "Arrow fingers" - roughly pushing fingers. The Biu Tze form - "arrow finger form" - mainly contains offensive techniques. The Biu Tze form - "arrow finger form" - is also often described as an "emergency solution", as it also conveys how one can get from an unfavorable position to a favorable position again through attacks. Since this form contains dangerous techniques such as finger pricks in the eyes, hand-edge blows to the neck and various elbow techniques to the head, the Biu Tze - "arrow fingers" - is often only passed on to trustworthy and loyal students by many teachers and masters. The saying "The Biu Tze -" arrow finger "- never leaves the house", which is widespread in Wing Chun circles, comes from this tradition .

• Muk Yan Jong Fat / Mok Jan Chong Fat ^O - 木人 樁 法  /  木人 桩 法  - "Wood-man-pole technique" - for example wooden doll technique. The Muk Yan Jong form (“wooden doll form”) is the highest unarmed form in the system. It contains techniques from the previous forms as well as new techniques. All techniques are practiced on the wooden dummy. The training on the wooden dummy has different goals. One of them is to assert yourself against stronger, relentless opponents. Furthermore, the practitioner's extremities are hardened over time. The wooden doll is often seen as a substitute for a training partner.

• Luk Dim Bun Gwan Fat / Luk Dim Ban Kwun Fat ^P - 六點 半 棍法  /  六点 半 棍法  - "Six and a half point long pole technique" - about long pole technique. The Luk Dim Bun Gwan shape (“six and a half point long stick shape”) is a long stick shape and thus the first weapon shape in the Wing Chun system. The long stick has largely lost its function as a weapon due to its length (usually 2–3 meters). Nowadays the long stick is used more as a training device to improve the whole body structure or the posture of the body, the explosive power and improve the precision of the individual hand positions.

• Bart Cham Do / Pa Cham Do ^Q - 八 斬 刀  /  八 斩 刀  - "eight-cut knife" - about eight-cut knife technique. The Bart Cham Do form (“eight-cut knife form”) is the last and highest form in the Wing Chun system. It conveys further techniques and forms of movement and completes the system.

Chi Sao

→ Main article : Sticky hands

An essential part of most Wing Chun styles is Chi Sao (sticky hands) ^A , which can be practiced in a wide variety of ways. The Chi Sao serves to increase the sense of touch and improve the "tactile" reflexes. In the most widespread style in Europe, the Leung Ting style, Chi Sao is taught as partner forms, so-called "sections".

organization structure

Family structure in the past ¹

In the past in ancient China, Wing Chun, like all other martial arts or handicrafts guilds, traditionally had a family character, from Sifu ^R - 師傅  /  师傅  - "master" - to Toudai ^S - 徒弟  - "student, apprentice" - passed on. The master, who had personal responsibility for the entire training of the student (apprentice), was addressed as Sifu (master). Lessons often took place against payment in the master's house, a personal bond between the master or his family and the student (apprentice), with certain mutual obligations, was the rule. The first public martial arts schools were established in Hong Kong. Since then, Wing Chun lessons have taken on a more modern academic and commercial character.

However, in some schools the family system was still maintained. Lo Man Kam , a nephew of Yip Man, still teaches his students in his home in Taipei . Suitable selected long-time students are still accepted into the inner circle of the Wing Chun family by the Sifu in the traditional way through a "master-student tea ceremony" - Bai Si Lai ^T , 拜師 禮  /  拜师 礼 . This ceremony underlines the deep personal bond that has developed between master and student through the long training.

Association structure in today's Europe ¹

In Europe there is no uniform umbrella organization under which Wing Chun practitioners are grouped, but rather numerous, sometimes competing and divided associations, schools and individual teachers. Most associations do not appear in the legal form of associations that have voluntarily merged to form an association , but as commercial organizations in which associated schools are integrated, which are authorized and certified by the association. Some of the associations are organized in a franchise system .

In some associations, based on the family system that was used in the past, obedience and obligations towards the teacher ( Sifu ) and his teacher - Sigung ^V - 師 公  /  师 公 , Sijo ^W - 師祖  /  师祖 - are emphasized, although these are seldom directly related to the Their students are involved in training.

Perception in the German-speaking area

Due to the high media presence of the EWTO- Wing-Tsun (Leung Ting, Keith Kernspecht ), interested parties easily associate Wing Chun in Germany, Austria and Switzerland with only this large branch of Yip Man-Wing Chuns (also Ip Man-Wing Chuns).

In the German-speaking forums, attempts are also made, for economic reasons, to give the impression that all Wing Chun schools in Germany formerly belonged to the EWTO or are run by former EWTO members. Often there is a lack of knowledge that in Germany, for example, since the mid-1970s. B. Wing Chun of the Yip-Man / Chu-Shong-Tin lineage is also taught. Other schools / teachers who have never had a connection to the EWTO are also represented in Germany. The Yip-Man-Wing-Chun-Lineage is z. B. also represented by the lines to Yip Chun, Lok Yiu, Wong Shun Leung, Philipp Bayer and Lo Man Kam. Lines of other Wing Chun styles such as Yuen Kay Shan are rarely taught publicly, but there are also very few in Germany.

The Lee Shing Wing Chun, a Wing Chun style closely related to the Yip Man line, is very popular in Switzerland. In the schools related to the EWTO Wing Tsun (Leung Ting), a generation has now emerged whose teachers received lessons from former EWTO members, but were never members of the EWTO themselves.

Graduations

Wing Chun was taught without a graduation system until the middle of the twentieth century. There are different opinions about the meaning and purpose of the graduation, there is no uniform grading system. Some schools still reject a graduation system to this day.

The best-known graduation system in Germany and Austria is the system devised by Leung Ting at the beginning of the 1970s. It originally comprised four technician, four practitioner and four grandmaster degrees. Later twelve student grades were added. The term “Technikergrad” has been replaced by “Higher Degree” in the EWTO. The EWTO's view that the division into student grades is actually only practiced outside Hong Kong is wrong. Not only is this classification shown on Leung Ting's website, it was also emphasized again in the IWTA forum.

The International Wushu Federation, IWUF for short ( 國際 武術 聯合會  /  国际 武术 联合会 ), completely revised its graduation system introduced in 1998 in 2010. Now it is also possible to achieve higher Duan grades in styles that were previously somewhat disadvantaged, such as Wing Chun (due to the number of required forms, it was not possible in many Wing Chun styles to take higher Duan exams). The Swiss Wushu Federation already works according to this graduation system and has held the first exams in Wing Chun. Since the Wing Chun graduation system is structured across styles, it is based e.g. B. not on the above. most famous forms. Rather, it is a matter of various individual and partner exercises that have been specially compiled for this graduation system.

Application in practice (selection)

Adult sports

Since 2018 , WingTsun has been listed in Switzerland by the Federal Office for Sport as an "esa specialist discipline", i.e. the specialist discipline of adult sports Switzerland (esa). EWTO-Schulen Schweiz GmbH is recognized as an esa partner organization for the training of leaders and also offers training to become an "esa leader in WingTsun" for non-EWTO members. The prerequisite is several years of training in a Wing Chun school.

Airline

The airline Hong Kong Airlines teaching her since 2011 flight attendants in Wing Chun.

police

Since 1990 , the Baden-Württemberg police and their special task force have been regularly instructed in “Wing Tsun”, including by the EWTO . The North Rhine-Westphalia police and their special task forces, however, have been instructed by Salih Avci in the “Avci Wing Tsun” of the WTEO ( Wing Tsun-Escrima Organization ) since 1992 . In addition, since 2002 the police officers of the security service of the North Rhine-Westphalia state police have been trained in the “Avci Wing Tsun”. The deployment-related self-defense and arrest techniques of the GSG 9 of the Federal Police originate mainly from the “Wing Tsun”.

International

Brazil

Since 2012 , various police units in Brazil such as the Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (PMERJ) have been taught in "Wing Tsjun".

Sri Lanka

The police in Sri Lanka have been instructed in "Wing Tsjun" since 2014 .

United States

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is taught by various masters in “Wing Tsung” or “Wing Tsun”.

military

Since 2000 , the close combat instructors of the Special Forces Command have been trained in “WingTsun” of the EWTO .

Wing Chun Code of Conduct

The so-called Code of Conduct in English, Chinese 詠 春 祖訓 or in abbreviations 咏 春 祖训 (Mandarin: Yǒngchūn Zǔxùn, Cantonese: Wing ⁶ ceon ¹ zou ² fan ³ ) is said to come from the pen of Grand Master Yi Man himself. A blogger on Taipei Wing Chun writes, however, that the text could also come from Lee Man (李 民), a good friend of Yip Man.

The code of conduct, literally "Wing Chun instructions of the ancestors" or ancestors, consists of nine rules, some of which seem somewhat strange from today's western perspective. Here it is with Cantonese ( Jyutping ) and Mandarin phonetic transcription as well as a German translation attempt:

詠 春 祖訓	Wing 6 ceon 1 zou 2 fan 3 (Cantonese) Yǒngchūn zǔxùn (Mandarin)		Yip Man's Wing Chun Code of Conduct (actually: instructions of the ancestors / ancestors)
一 、 守 紀律 崇尚武 德	Sow 2 gei 2 leot 6 sung 4 soeng 6 mou 5 dak 1 Shǒu jìlǜ chóngshàng wǔdé	1	Always practice discipline and uphold virtues / chivalry of martial arts.
二 、 明 禮義 愛國 尊親	Ming 4 lai 5 ji 6 ngoi 3 gwok 3 zyun 1 can 1 Míng lǐ yì ài guó zūn qīn	2	Know about (Confucian) etiquette. Love your country and honor your parents.
三 、 愛 同學 團結 樂群	Ngoi 3 tung 4 hok 6 tyun 4 git 3 l ok 6 kwan 4 Ài tóngxué tuánjié lè qúrefullyn	3	Learn to love your classmates and unite in happy company.
四 、 節 色慾 保守 精神	Zit 3 sik 1 yuk 6 bou 2 sau 2 zing 1 san 4 Jié sèyù bǎoshǒu jīngshén	4th	Curb your sexual desires, conserve (thus) your strength (or energy).
五 、 勤 練習 技 不離 身	Kan 4 lin 6 zaap 6 gei 6 bat 1 lei 4 san 1 Qín liànxí jì bù líshēn	5	Train diligently (or ironically), never let up on the techniques (Literally ambiguous: the techniques do not move away from the body).
六 、 學 養 氣 戒 濫 鬥爭	Hok 6 Joeng 5 hei 3 gaai 3 laam 5 DAU 3 Zang 1 Xué yǎngqì jiè làn dòuzhēng	6th	Learn to morally stabilize (or control) abstain from unnecessary fights.
七 、 常 處世 態度 溫 文	Soeng 4 cyu 2 sai 3 taai 3 dou 6 wan 1 man 4 Cháng chǔshì tàidù wēnwén	7th	Go out often, behave friendly and cultivated.
八 、 扶弱 小 以 武 輔仁	Fu 4 joek 6 siu 2 ji 5 mou 5 fu 6 jan 4 Fú ruò xiǎo yǐwǔ fǔrén	8th	Protect the weak and the small (small children and people), through martial arts shape your (benevolent) character.
九 、 繼 先 緒 謹 持 祖訓	Gai 3 sin 1 seoi 5 gan 2 ci 4 zou 2 fan 3 Jì xiānxù jǐnchí zǔxùn	9	Carry on and hold the legacy of the ancestors (Wing Chun) carefully follow his / her rules.

In western and even in some Far Eastern Wing Chun schools there is a globally widespread, supposedly "official" version, which seems questionable at least for rules 6, 7 and 9. Up to rule 5 it is identical to the one mentioned in the said blog and at the Lok Chi Ling Wing Chun Athletic Association & Co., then it says:

6. 學 養 氣 救 濫 鬥 民 (救 is to save, 鬥 民 would be to beat or raise the people or the citizens)

7. 常 處世 態度 溫 民 (溫 民 sounds like the people / citizens are warming up)

9. 繼 光緒 漢 持 祖訓 (光緒, Guāngxù, is the ruler name of the penultimate Qing emperor; 漢, hàn, stands for the Han nationality or Chinese in general)

Rule 9 means 先 緒, xiānxù, in the sense of inheritance or legacy of ancestors, and 謹, jǐn, in the sense of careful or serious. I don't know the original source, but it seems likely that the author of this popular, somewhat strange version was unable to properly read the characters written in legal script in the Yip Man Memorial Hall of the Foshan Ancestral Temple (佛山 祖廟) or elsewhere.

literature

• Robert Chu, Rene Ritchie and a .: Complete Wing Chun. The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions . Tuttle Publishing, Boston 1998, ISBN 0-8048-3141-6 .
• Marc Debus: The Lo Man Kam Wing Chun System - History, Reports and Techniques . 2nd Edition. Schreibstark-Verlag, Neu Anspach 2017, ISBN 978-3-946922-23-0 .
• Marc Debus: The Lo Man Kam Wing Chun System - Stories, Reports and Techniques . 2nd Edition. Schreibstark-Verlag, Neu Anspach 2017, ISBN 978-3-946922-30-8 .
• Birol Özden: VC-Ving Chun: Self-Protection, Martial Arts, Martial Arts, Combat, Self-Defense for Self-Confidence and Dynamic, Volume 1: Textbook for Beginners . Ving Chun Verlag, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-00-007489-9 .
• Leung Ting : Wing Tsun Kuen . Leung's Publications, Hong Kong 1978, ISBN 962-7284-01-7 .
• Leung Ting: Roots & Branches of Wing Tsun . Leung's Publications, Hong Kong 2000, ISBN 962-7284-23-8 .
• Alan Gibson: Wing Chun. For beginners and advanced users . 1st edition. Weinmann, Berlin 2007, ISBN 3-87892-090-3 (English).
• Ip Ching, Ron Heimberger: Ving Tsun Yo Fen (guidance from our ancestors) . 1st edition. epubli, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8442-0203-8 .
• Oliver Gross: The way of the incisive fist . Sportverlag Strauss, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-86884-130-5 .

annotation

¹ The technical terms of Wingchun Kungfu in the article mostly come from the Cantonese language . Due to the lack of an official transcription system in Cantonese, these Latinized terms often appear inconsistent for those who are not familiar with Chinese. If not explicitly explained by a transcription system (e.g. Jyutping ), the Cantonese technical terms (transcription) are generally pronounced according to the English language .

² The length of the "six and a half point long stick" - 六點 半 棍  /  六点 半 棍 , liùdiǎnbàn gùn , Jyutping luk ⁶ dim ² bun ³ gwan ³ is approx. 12–13 Chi - according to today's conversion value 1 Chi ≈ 1 / 3 meters in mainland China , about 3.6-3.9 meters long.

^A. Chi-Sao - Chinese  黐 手 , Pinyin chǐshǒu , Jyutping ci ¹ sau ² , Cantonese  chi sao  - "sticky hands"

^B. Poon-Sao - 盤 手  /  盘 手 , pánshǒu , Jyutping pun ⁴ sau ²  - "Rolling arms", also Luk-Sao - 碌 手 , lùshǒu , Jyutping lik ¹ sau ²  - "Rolling arms"

^C. Yuen Kay Shan - 阮 奇 山 , Ruǎn Qíshān

^D. Five Shaolin elders - 少林 五 老 , Shàolín wǔ lǎo , Jyutping Siu ³ lam ⁴ ng ⁵ lou ⁵

^E. Mabou - 馬步  /  马步 , mǎbù , Jyutping maa ⁵ bou ⁶ , English Horse stance  - "equestrian position, equestrian position"

^F. Yeejee Kimyeung Ma - 二字 拑 羊馬  /  二字 拑 羊马 , èrzì qiányángmǎ , Jyutping ji ⁶ zi ⁶ kim ⁴ joeng ⁴ maa ⁵

^G Red Junk - 紅 船 戲班  /  红 船 戏班 , hóngchuán xìbān , Jyutping hung ⁴ syun ⁴ hei ³ baan ¹  - "Red Junk of the Canton Opera Company "

^H Long stick - Kwun, Gwan 棍 , Gùn - more precisely " six and a half point long stick" - 六點 半 棍  /  六点 半 棍 , Liùdiǎnbàn Gùn , English six and a half point pole

^I. Double knife - Seung Do 雙刀  /  双刀 , Shuāngdāo , English Double Swords - more precisely " butterfly double knife " - Wu Dip Seung Do 蝴蝶 雙刀  /  蝴蝶 双刀 , Húdié Shuāng dāo , English Butterfly Swords

^J San Sao - 散 手 , sànshǒu  - "free hand, analogously: free fight "

^K To Lo, Toulou - 套路 , tàolù  - " Sequence of movements, images"

^L. Siu Nim Tau, Siu Lim Tao - 小 念頭  /  小 念头 , xiǎo niàntou , Jyutping siu ² nim ⁶ tau ⁴  - “lit. little idea "

^M. Chum Kiu, Cham Kiu - 尋 橋  /  寻 桥 , xúnqiáo , Jyutping cam ⁴ liu ⁴  - " Finding a bridge , looking for a bridge"

^N Biu Ji / Bju Tse - 鏢 指  /  镖 指 , biāozhǐ , Jyutping biu ⁴ zi ²  - "arrow fingers"

^O Muk Yan Jong Fat, Mok Jan Chong Fat - 木人 樁 法  /  木人 桩 法 , mùrénzhuāngfǎ , Jyutping muk ¹ jan ⁴ zong ¹ faat ¹  - "wood-man-pole technique"

^P Luk Dim Bun Gwan Fat, Luk Dim Ban Kwun Fat - 六點 半 棍法  /  六点 半 棍法 , liùdiǎnbàn gùnfǎ , Jyutping luk ⁶ dim ² bun ³ gwan ³ faat ¹  - “lit. Six and a half point long pole technique "

^Q Bart Cham Do, Pa Cham Do - 八 斬 刀  /  八 斩 刀 , bāzhǎndāo , Jyutping baat ³ zaam ² dou ¹  - "eight-cut knife"

^R. Sifu - 師傅  /  师傅 , also 師父  /  师父 , shīfu  - "master, teacher"

^S. Toudai - 徒弟 , túdì , Jyutping tou ⁴ dai ^{6 * 2}  - "student, apprentice"

^T Bai Si Lai - 拜師 禮  /  拜师 礼 , Bàishīlǐ , Jyutping Baai ³ si ¹ lai ⁵

^V Sigung - 師 公  /  师 公 , shīgōng , Jyutping si ¹ gung ¹

^W. Sijo - 師祖  /  师祖 , shīzǔ , Jyutping si ¹ zou ²

See also

• Hung Kuen
• Shaolin Kung Fu
• Tanglangquan
• Weng Chun Kung Fu

Web links

Commons : Wing Chun  - Collection of Images

• The Wing Chun Archive (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Robert Chu, Rene Ritchie et al. a .: Complete Wing Chun. The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions. Tuttle Publishing, Boston 1998, ISBN 0-8048-3141-6 ; Roots & Branches of Wing Tsun, Leung Ting, Leung's Publications, 2000.
2. ↑ Spelling or brand "Wing Tsun". In: www.tsv-poing.eu. Retrieved January 18, 2020 .  
3. ↑ Spelling or trademark "Wingtsun". In: www.wingtsunwelt.com. Retrieved January 18, 2020 .  
4. ↑ Spelling or brand "Wingtzung". In: www.wingtzung-riedmann.at. Retrieved January 18, 2020 .  
5. ↑ ^{a b} 詠 春 體育 會 - Ving Tsun Athletic Association. In: www.vingtsun.org.hk. Retrieved November 27, 2019 (Chinese, English).  
6. ↑ Spelling or trademark "Ving Chun". In: www.asvc.de. Retrieved January 18, 2020 .  
7. ↑ term大师/大師- Dashi. In: www.zdic.net. Retrieved October 30, 2019 (Chinese, English).  
8. ↑ term大师/大師- Dashi. In: leo.org . Retrieved October 30, 2019 (Chinese, German).  
9. ↑ ^{a b} Term 五 枚 大师 / 五 枚 大師 - wǔméi dàshī. In: www.johnnyeisenreich.ch. Retrieved October 31, 2019 .  
10. ↑ term师太/師太- Shitai. In: www.zdic.net. Retrieved October 30, 2019 (Chinese, German, term for an elderly Buddhist / Daoist nun from Cantonese).  
11. ^ The White Book. Development of Foshan Wing Chun as reported by the Chin Woo Athletics Association of Foshan. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014 . 
12. ↑ Hintelmann: Western finding of meaning through Eastern martial arts? Iko-Verlag for Intercultural Communication, 2005; Peterson: Look Beyond the Pointing Finger. The Combat Philosophy of Wong Shun Leung. 2001; Leung: Roots and Branches of Wing Tsun. 2002
13. ↑ Grandmaster Ip Man: The Origin of Wing Chun. In: Ving Tsun Athletic Association. Ving Tsun Athletic Association, 1990, accessed October 22, 2018 . 
14. ↑ 詠 春 體育 會 發展 簡介 - A brief overview of the development of the Ving Tsun Athletic Association. In: www.vingtsun.org.hk. Retrieved November 27, 2019 (Chinese).  
15. ^ The Development of Ving Tsun Kung Fu in Hong Kong (1961–1970) - 香港 詠 春 體育 會 發展 (1961–1970). In: www.vingtsun.org.hk. Retrieved November 27, 2019 (Chinese, English).  
16. ↑ Dynamic Wing Tsun KungFu by Dr. Leung Ting, Second Edition: July, 1986.
17. ↑ The career of Sigung Lo Man Kam. Lo Man Kam German Association, accessed October 22, 2019 . 
18. ↑ CID Media: Technical School for Wing Tsun - What is Wing Tsun. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
19. ↑ http://holzpuppe.co/sinn-der-holzpuppe/. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
20. ↑ Dai-Sifu Reimers - Martial Arts School Munich: Martial Arts Schools Dai-Sifu Reimers | Video clips. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
21. ↑ Lok Dim Bon Kwun - The long stick. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
22. ^ Forms: Wing Chun. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
23. ↑ superuser: VING TSUN KUNG-FU (after Ip Man - Wong Shun Leung) . In: VING TSUN Kung Fu training, martial arts . November 8, 2015 ( vingtsun-trainer.de [accessed December 19, 2017]).
24. ↑ Dr. Cord Elsner - WING CHUN Stuttgart: WING CHUN Stuttgart | Cord Elsner | Shapes in Wing Chun - what does that mean? Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
25. ↑ Overwhelming interest in the tutorials | WingTsun World - The EWTO membership magazine. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
26. ↑ On the importance of solo and partner forms (sections) | WingTsun World - The EWTO membership magazine. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
27. ↑ WING TSUN KUEN, Leung Ting, ASTROS PRINTING LIMITED, Fourth Edition 1980.
28. ^ Roots & Branches of Wing Tsun, Leung Ting, Leung's Publications, First Edition Jan 2000.
29. ↑ Wingtsun-Technikergrad, In: www.wingtsun.de ( Memento from July 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 26, 2019 - online
30. ↑ Wingtsun-Schuelergrad, In: www.wingtsun.de ( Memento from June 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 26, 2019 - online
31. ↑ International Wing Tsun Association (IWTA) - Grading system: (Chinese) [1] In: www. leungting.com, accessed March 26, 2019 - Online
32. ↑ Duanwei-System, In: www.swisswushu.ch ( Memento of November 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 26, 2019 - Online
33. ↑ Zhu Wenjun, 2006 - Note on the Duan system of Wushu in China [2] In: www.chinbeku.com, accessed on March 26, 2019 - Online
34. ↑ Successful Duanwei course and exam weekend in Magglingen, In: www.swisswushu.ch ( Memento from January 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 26, 2019 - Online
35. ↑ Textbook Series of Chinese Wushu Duanwei System - Yongchunquan (book in Chinese, with DVD) Author / Editor: Wushu Research Institute of the General Administration of Sport of China, ISBN 978-7-04-025828-8 .
36. ↑ Adult Sports Switzerland - About esa. In: www.erwachsenen-sport.ch. Retrieved June 19, 2019 . 
37. ↑ Adult Sports Switzerland - Specialized Disciplines. In: www.erwachsenen-sport.ch. Retrieved June 19, 2019 . 
38. ↑ Adult Sports Switzerland - partner organizations. In: www.erwachsenen-sport.ch. Retrieved June 19, 2019 . 
39. ↑ Unruly passengers: Hong Kong Airlines teaches flight attendants Kung Fu . In: Spiegel Online . April 17, 2011 ( online [accessed September 22, 2018]).
40. ^ Martial arts schools Dai-Sifu Reimers | Police / FBI. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
41. ↑ ^{a b} Wing Tsun - Effective self-defense in the police and military . In: Martial Arts Magazine . July 7, 2014 ( online [accessed November 26, 2017]).
42. ↑ teamKraftt: Sifu Salih Avci | WTEO MARTIAL ARTS ASSOCIATION COLOGNE. Retrieved November 26, 2017 . 
43. ↑ ^{a b} 35,000 police officers are learning Avci WingTsun . ( Online [accessed November 26, 2017]).
44. ^ Sifu Salih Avci. Retrieved November 26, 2017 . 
45. ↑ Federal Police - preparation for training - operational training. Retrieved June 19, 2019 . 
46. ↑ ^{a b} BDS Wing Tsjun International: BDS Tactical. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
47. ↑ Dai-Sifu Reimers - Martial Arts School Munich: Martial Arts Schools Dai-Sifu Reimers | FBI. Retrieved December 19, 2017 . 
48. ↑ milliyet.com.tr Türkiye'nin lider haber sitesi: Salih FBI'a kavga etmeyi öğretiyor . In: MİLLİYET HABER - TÜRKİYE'NİN HABER SİTESİ . ( Online [accessed December 19, 2017]).
49. ↑ Close combat training in the Special Forces Command | Wingtsun blog. Retrieved November 26, 2017 .