Armory (Lübeck)
The armory at the large building yard and the cathedral cemetery in Lübeck was built in 1594 next to the Lübeck cathedral in the style of the Dutch Renaissance .
history
The Lübische Chronik reports:
"In 1594, in the weeks of Pentecost, construction of the armory near the tower in Lübeck began."
Other chronicles (v. Melle) say that the armory was originally intended as a granary. This is also confirmed by the chronostichon formerly located above the entrance :
“Caesare pro patrIa nVnC DeCertante RVDoLpho EXstItIt haeC CererIs strVCtVra strVente SenatV. (This house of Ceres , built by the Senate, was built under Emperor Rudolph, who was now fighting for the fatherland ) "
There is also the year of construction, 1594. Presumably it was used for the armory when Mars replaced the Ceres in the niche above the portal. This happened shortly after the house was completed. In the same year the console for the north portal was installed.
According to the Lübeck register from 1526, the guns at that time, unless they were on the ramparts and towers, were housed in the stables at the castle gate and two arsenals . It is assumed that these were at the building yard (the grote cellar under deme hafferbone ) and on the cathedral cemetery ( büssenhus uppe deme Karkhafe ) at the end of the model track . The number of guns, excluding those of the ships, amounted to 1,064 pieces. The location of the arsenals suggests that the use as an armory was considered from the start. The construction management was incumbent on the then council builder Hans von Rode .
After stocks of the house had been sold in the 18th century, it was completely cleared when it was demolished in 1804 and 1805. During the French times it was used as a barracks .
In 1826 the armory was set up as a wool store. It remained as such until the First World War . However, until 1869 some rooms were reserved for the Lübeck citizen's military as a magazine.
Various cityscapes from the 18th century show the central gable and two similar ones on the west side. They could be matched by a round arched storage door that interrupts the rows of windows on the second floor in each half of the building.
The figure of Mars had to be removed from the niche above the north portal in 1896. Its weathering had reached such an extent that the statue represented a hazard.
When Lübeck's police office - in 1922 they were housed in six city buildings - became increasingly inadequate, the construction of a new service building had become inevitable. However, since the city's financial possibilities did not allow it at that time, they looked around for an existing building that could be prepared for the purpose mentioned. The choice fell on the former armory at the cathedral . Its expansion into a museum was planned as early as 1905 and into a state archive in 1913.
The large amount of space required required two additional extensions - one was built at the south end of the cathedral and was connected to the church by an arch , the other, in which the Green Police was located , closes off the parade in the churchyard and was built over by a building Torweg connected to the armory. In about its place stood a small guard building, demolished in 1878.
During National Socialism , the Zeughaus housed the Gestapo interrogation cells in the basement . The memorial to that past was placed on the wall of the gateway in 1986 .
In 1985 the ethnographic collection of the Museum of Art and Cultural History built by Richard Karutz was moved to the armory. The collection was established in 2007 by the Citizenship closed the Hanseatic city for cost reasons.
In addition, the armory is used by the archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck as a magazine.
building
The armory was built in the same year as the town hall's renaissance staircase. While this, like the slightly older porch on the market, shows the richer house stone forms of the Flemish Renaissance , the style at the armory in its Dutch form is characteristic in the mixed use of baking and house stone.
Outside
The house underwent major structural changes in 1822 under the city master builder Heinrich Nikolaus Börm . The heavily weathered steps and the outer sandstone decorations of the northern gable were removed. Following the slope of the roof surface, the gable was given its current shape. Only the old crowning with the pointed roof was put back on.
On the etching by Johann Marcus Davids von der Parade from 1797 you can see them in their former stepping in three heels filled with volutes . The outer Holsten Gate from 1585 was of the same style .
As the richer face, it is designed in the forms of the Dutch Renaissance . It can fully unfold its validity in the free location opposite Paradeplatz .
While the wall surfaces are made of brick , all decorative forms of the facade are made of sandstone . In addition to the frame of the arched gate, the niche above, the cornices and the corbels under the gable corners, there are also the window frames with stone crosses and the house stone bands running through the facade , as well as, as a further peculiarity of this style, the cuboid decorated with lion heads and diamond cut , which alternate in the relief arches above the windows with bricks .
The original Mars figure held a spear in the broken right hand, while the left rests on the shield on the side. This figure was so badly damaged that reusing it was out of the question. Instead of that, another, equally large Mars figure came into consideration, which at that time stood in the museum courtyard and was in much better condition. It came from the building Schüsselbuden 14 (corner of Fischstrasse ), which was demolished at the end of the 19th century, and in its artistically insignificant but appropriate execution it corresponded entirely to the decorative role of the original armory figure. This suggested that it came from the same sculptor. She holds a (broken) sword in her right hand and a small round shield in her left arm, which is on her hip .
When the southern gable was repaired in 1825, it became clear that its shoulders were irreparable. At the suggestion of the city architect Heinrich Nicolaus Börm , it was handled in the same way as with the northern gable. Its steps, restored in 1844, stood out clearly from the older masonry.
Until the 1920s, was on the long side of the yard toward a wind bay . On the night of January 9th to 10th, 1852, a hurricane-like storm had blown down part of the gable wall of the bay on the west side . The remaining gable was only barely closed by boarding. It was only three years later that it was demolished and the aforementioned winch bay was installed in its place, based on a design by the construction director Benda.
The two long sides of the armory, which are only made of brick, are decidedly simple. Only the middle of the west side, which once leaned towards the building yard, is emphasized by a gate similar to the northern one. A house ornament was attached above this. By cleverly grading the window sizes on the three floors with decorative anchors and shutters, the impression of monotony was removed. However, they were removed during the modernization in the 1920s.
On the south side, which is also only made of brick, the casing of the spiral staircase, pierced by small windows and covered with a curved lead roof, juts out in three octagonal sides.
Inside
The interior originally formed a 66.90 · 10 m² room on the ground floor. The 35 x 38 cm² thick ceiling beams , previously supported by a girder , were reinforced at the support and provided with a carved decoration. The two upper floors were divided in the middle by 25 x 55 cm² thick wooden columns. These in turn were connected to the hanging truss of the roof structure and with frames. The girder of the ground floor beam system was also hung on the lower pillars . It was not until the wool magazine was set up that the ground floor was divided by a middle row of posts . Slatted crates were built into all floors and were divided into numerous cells for the goods of the wool merchants.
For the police station, the interior was expanded to three storeys while maintaining the old storey heights . There was also an attic . Its lighting required the installation of additional roof bay windows, as the number and size of the existing ones turned out to be insufficient. A cantilevered extension completed with the gable was planned above the portal at the building yard. After the churchyard opposite, a new group of windows was needed for the stairwell that was moved there.
literature
- The former Lübeck armory. In: Father-city sheets. No. 16, May 7, 1922.
- The former Lübeck armory. In: Father-city sheets. No. 17, May 21, 1922.
- Friedrich Bruns , Hugo Rahtgens, Lutz Wilde : The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume I, Part 2: City Hall and public buildings of the city. Max Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1974, pp. 307-318, ISBN 3-7950-0034-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Schröder: Topography of Lübeck. Volume I, p. 210.
- ↑ Allusion to the simultaneous Turkish war
- ↑ Some Nuremberg granaries were also used as armories after the end of the 16th century.
- ^ Brehmer: The gun equipment of the city of Lübeck in the year 1526. In: Journal of the association for Lübeckische Geschichte .
- ↑ All three gables are missing from the well-known view of the city near Merian.
- ↑ See etching opposite
- ^ City archive, files of the building deputation, regarding wool magazine
- ↑ In the 19th century, the wool trade was of considerable importance in Lübeck's business life
Behnhaus | Buddenbrookhaus | European Hanseatic Museum | Lübeck-Schlutup border documentation center | Günter Grass House | Herrenwyk Industrial Museum History Workshop | Lübeck Theater Figure Museum | Museum House Hanseatic City of Gdansk | Lübeck Museum Harbor | St. Catherine's Museum Church | Natural History Museum | Niederegger Marzipan Museum | St. Anne's Museum | City Museum Holstentor | Ethnological Museum | Willy Brandt House Lübeck
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 41.5 " N , 10 ° 41 ′ 5.1" E