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{{Short description|Subfamily of viruses}}
{{taxobox
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
| virus_group = i
{{Virusbox
| familia = ''[[Poxviridae]]''
| subfamilia = '''''Entomopoxvirinae'''''
| taxon = Entomopoxvirinae
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
| subdivision =
*''[[Alphaentomopoxvirus]]''
* ''[[Alphaentomopoxvirus]]''
*''[[Betaentomopoxvirus]]''
* ''[[Betaentomopoxvirus]]''
*''[[Gammaentomopoxvirus]]''
* ''[[Deltaentomopoxvirus]]''
* ''[[Gammaentomopoxvirus]]''
}}
}}


'''''Entomopoxvirinae''''' is a subfamily of [[viruses]], in the family [[Poxviridae]]. Insects, human, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 31 species in this subfamily, divided among 3 genera. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: impairment of motility and development.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/173.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref>
'''''Entomopoxvirinae''''' is a subfamily of [[viruses]], in the family ''[[Poxviridae]]''. Insects, human, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 31 species in this subfamily, divided among 4 genera with one species unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: impairment of motility and development.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/173.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release|last=|first=|date=|website=talk.ictvonline.org|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=9 May 2020|quote=}}</ref>


==Structure==
==Structure==
⚫
The virions are generally [[Virus#Structure|enveloped]] though the [[intracellular mature virion]] form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The genome is exceptionally large, around 250-380kb in length and the virion diameter is around 350&nbsp;nm.<ref name=ViralZone /> It carries its [[genome]] in a single, linear, double-stranded segment of DNA.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICTVdb Descriptions: 58. Poxviridae|author=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2004-06-15|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/58000000.htm|accessdate=2005-02-26}}</ref>

⚫
The virions are generally [[Virus#Viral structure and anatomy|enveloped]] though the [[intracellular mature virion]] form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The virion is exceptionally large, around 250-380kb in length and the diameter is around 350&nbsp;nm.<ref name=ViralZone /> It carries its [[genome]] in a single, linear, double-stranded segment of DNA.<ref>{{cite web|title=ICTVdb Descriptions: 58. Poxviridae|author=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2004-06-15|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/58000000.htm|accessdate=2005-02-26}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic Arrangement !! Genomic Segmentation
! Genus !! Structure || Symmetry !! Capsid !! Genomic arrangement !! Genomic segmentation
|-
|-
|Alphaentomopoxvirus||Ovoid||||Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|''Alphaentomopoxvirus''||Ovoid||||Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|-
|-
|Betaentomopoxvirus||Ovoid||||Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|''Betaentomopoxvirus''||Ovoid||||Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|-
|-
|Gammaentomopoxvirus||Ovoid||||Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|''Gammaentomopoxvirus''||Ovoid||||Enveloped||Linear||Monopartite
|}
|}


==Life Cycle==
==Life cycle==
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing an spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV). Mature virion can be occluded in spheroids composed of spheroidin proteinhost receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host.
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing a spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV). Mature virion can be occluded in spheroids composed of spheroidin proteinhost receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host.
Insects, human, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as the natural host.<ref name=ViralZone />
Insects, human, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as the natural host.<ref name=ViralZone />


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
|-
! Genus !! Host Details !! Tissue Tropism !! Entry Details !! Release Details !! Replication Site !! Assembly Site !! Transmission
! Genus !! Host details !! Tissue tropism !! Entry details !! Release details !! Replication site !! Assembly site !! Transmission
|-
|-
|Alphaentomopoxvirus||Monkeys; baboons||None||Glycosaminoglycans||Lysis; budding; occlusion||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Contact; insects
|''Alphaentomopoxvirus''||Coleoptera insects; other insects ||Hemocytes; fat bodies||Glycosaminoglycans||Lysis; budding; occlusion||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Contact; insects
|-
|-
|Betaentomopoxvirus||Lepidoptera insects; orthoptera insects||Hemocytes; fat bodies||Glycosaminoglycans||Lysis; budding; occlusion||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Unknown
|''Betaentomopoxvirus''||Lepidoptera insects; orthoptera insects||Hemocytes; fat bodies||Glycosaminoglycans||Lysis; budding; occlusion||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Unknown
|-
|-
|Gammaentomopoxvirus||Insects||Hemocytes; fat bodies||Glycosaminoglycans||Lysis; budding; occlusion||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Unknown
|''Gammaentomopoxvirus''||Insects||Hemocytes; fat bodies||Glycosaminoglycans||Lysis; budding; occlusion||Cytoplasm||Cytoplasm||Unknown
|}
|}


==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The classification in this subfamily is based on the morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms and the type of disease caused.
The classification in this subfamily is based on the morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms and the type of disease caused.
⚫
* The species of the genus ''Alphaentomopoxvirus'' infect [[beetle]]s.
Three genera in this subfamily are recognized. There are also a number of species that have not yet been assigned to a genus.
*The species of the genus Alphaentomopoxvirus infect [[beetle]]s.
* The species of the genus ''Betaentomopoxvirus'' infect [[butterfly|butterflies]], [[moth]]s, [[grasshopper]]s and [[locust]]s.
*The species of the genus Betaentomopoxvirus infect [[butterfly|butterflies]], [[moth]]s, [[grasshopper]]s and [[locust]]s.
* The species of the genus ''Gammaentomopoxvirus'' infect [[fly|flies]] and [[mosquito]]es.
⚫
*The species of the genus Gammaentomopoxvirus infect [[fly|flies]] and [[mosquito]]es.


The following subfamilies are recognized:<ref name=ICTV />
<big>'''Group: dsDNA'''</big>
* ''[[Alphaentomopoxvirus]]''
{{Collapsible list|title= <big>Order: Unassigned</big>
* ''[[Betaentomopoxvirus]]''
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Family: [[Poxviridae]]
* ''[[Deltaentomopoxvirus]]''
|1={{Collapsible list| framestyle=border:none; padding:1.0em;|title=Sub-Family: Entomopoxvirinae
* ''[[Gammaentomopoxvirus]]''
|1={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: [[Alphaentomopoxvirus]]</small>}}

*<small>[[Anomala cuprea entomopoxvirus]]</small>
Additionally, the following species is not assigned to a genus:<ref name=ICTV />
*<small>[[Aphodius tasmaniae entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Demodema bonariensis entomopoxvirus]]</small>
* ''[[Diachasmimorpha entomopoxvirus]]''
*<small>[[Dermolepida albohirtum entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Figulus sublaevis entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Geotrupes sylvaticus entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>'''''[[Melolontha melolontha entomopoxvirus]]'''''</small>
{{hidden end}}
|2={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: [[Betaentomopoxvirus]]</small>}}
*<small>[[Acrobasis zelleri entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Adoxophyes honmai entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>'''''[[Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus]]'''''</small>
*<small>[[Arphia conspersa entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Choristoneura biennis entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Choristoneura conflicta entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Choristoneura diversuma entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Choristoneura fumiferana entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Choristoneura rosaceana entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Chorizagrotis auxiliaris entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Heliothis armigera entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Locusta migratoria entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Mythimna separata entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Oedaleus senegalensis entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Operophtera brumata entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Schistocerca gregaria entomopoxvirus]]</small>
{{hidden end}}
|3={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: [[Gammaentomopoxvirus]]</small>}}
*<small>[[Aedes aegypti entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Camptochironomus tentans entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Chironomus attenuatus entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>'''''[[Chironomus luridus entomopoxvirus]]'''''</small>
*<small>[[Chironomus plumosus entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Goeldichironomus holoprasinus entomopoxvirus]]</small>
{{hidden end}}
|4={{hidden begin|title=<small>Genus: Unassigned</small>}}
*<small>[[Diachasmimorpha entomopoxvirus]]</small>
*<small>[[Melanoplus sanguinipes entomopoxvirus 'O']]</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}
}}
}}<ref name=ICTV />


==References==
==References==
Line 102: Line 63:
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/173.html '''Viralzone''': Entomopoxvirinae]
* [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/173.html '''Viralzone''': Entomopoxvirinae]
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
* [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV''']
* [[Electron micrograph]]s - [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/WIntkey/Images/em_poxvi.htm]
* [[Electron micrograph]]s - [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/WIntkey/Images/em_poxvi.htm]


{{Viruses}}
{{Viruses}}
{{Baltimore classification}}
{{Baltimore classification}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q17145565}}
⚫
[[Category:Entomopoxvirinae]]
⚫
[[Category:Poxviruses|*]]
[[Category:Virus subfamilies]]


⚫
[[Category:Entomopoxvirinae| ]]
[[ar:فيروسات جدرية]]
⚫
[[Category:Virus subfamilies]]
[[ca:Poxvírid]]
[[cs:Poxviry]]
[[de:Poxviridae]]
[[et:Poksviirused]]
[[es:Poxviridae]]
[[fr:Poxviridae]]
[[id:Poxviridae]]
[[it:Poxviridae]]
[[kk:Поксвирустар]]
[[ja:ポックスウイルス科]]
[[pl:Pokswirusy]]
[[pt:Poxviridae]]
[[ro:Poxviridae]]
[[ru:Поксвирусы]]
[[simple:Poxviridae]]
[[sv:Poxvirus]]
[[zh:痘病毒科]]

Latest revision as of 09:20, 5 November 2023

Entomopoxvirinae
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Pokkesviricetes
Order: Chitovirales
Family: Poxviridae
Subfamily: Entomopoxvirinae
Genera

Entomopoxvirinae is a subfamily of viruses, in the family Poxviridae. Insects, human, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are currently 31 species in this subfamily, divided among 4 genera with one species unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this subfamily include: impairment of motility and development.[1][2]

Structure[edit]

The virions are generally enveloped though the intracellular mature virion form of the virus, which contains a different envelope, is also infectious. They vary in their shape depending upon the species but are generally shaped like a brick or as an oval form similar to a rounded brick because they are wrapped by the endoplasmic reticulum. The genome is exceptionally large, around 250-380kb in length and the virion diameter is around 350 nm.[1] It carries its genome in a single, linear, double-stranded segment of DNA.[3]

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
Alphaentomopoxvirus Ovoid Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Betaentomopoxvirus Ovoid Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Gammaentomopoxvirus Ovoid Enveloped Linear Monopartite

Life cycle[edit]

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mediates endocytosis of the virus into the host cell. Fusion with the plasma membrane to release the core into the host cytoplasm. Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post-infection. Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: Intermediate genes are expressed, triggering genomic DNA replication at approximately 100 minutes post-infection. Late phase: Late genes are expressed from 140 min to 48 hours post-infection, producing all structural proteins. Assembly of progeny virions starts in cytoplasmic viral factories, producing a spherical immature particle. This virus particle matures into brick-shaped intracellular mature virion (IMV). IMV virion can be released upon cell lysis, or can acquire a second double membrane from trans-Golgi and bud as external enveloped virion (EEV). Mature virion can be occluded in spheroids composed of spheroidin proteinhost receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by existing in occlusion bodies after cell death and remaining infectious until finding another host. Insects, human, vertebrates, and arthropods serve as the natural host.[1]

Genus Host details Tissue tropism Entry details Release details Replication site Assembly site Transmission
Alphaentomopoxvirus Coleoptera insects; other insects Hemocytes; fat bodies Glycosaminoglycans Lysis; budding; occlusion Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Contact; insects
Betaentomopoxvirus Lepidoptera insects; orthoptera insects Hemocytes; fat bodies Glycosaminoglycans Lysis; budding; occlusion Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Unknown
Gammaentomopoxvirus Insects Hemocytes; fat bodies Glycosaminoglycans Lysis; budding; occlusion Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Unknown

Taxonomy[edit]

The classification in this subfamily is based on the morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms and the type of disease caused.

The following subfamilies are recognized:[2]

Additionally, the following species is not assigned to a genus:[2]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ^ a b c "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  3. ^ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (15 June 2004). "ICTVdb Descriptions: 58. Poxviridae". Retrieved 26 February 2005.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entomopoxvirinae&oldid=1183596857"